Present population and habitat status of potentially threatened Asian horseshoe crabs Tachypleustridentatus and Carcinoscorpiusrotundicauda in Hong Kong: a proposal for marine protected areas
Billy K.Y. Kwan,Hwey-Lian Hsieh,Siu Gin Cheung, Paul K.S. Shin
Supplementary Material 1 Geographic location and designated area of marine protected areas for Asian horseshoe crabs conservation. The dash symbol (−) indicates the information is not described in the reference
Location / Designation year / Geographic location / Area (km2) / Spawning/nursery beach coverage / Target horseshoe crab species / ReferenceLeft edge / Right edge
Kasaoka, Japan
(cancelled in 1995) / 1928 / − / − / − / Oyehama / T.tridentatus / Seino et al. 2003
Saijō, Japan / 1949 / − / − / − / Tōyo / T.tridentatus / CPPD 2015
Kasaoka, Japan / 1971 / − / − / − / Konoshima Channel / T.tridentatus / Seino et al. 2003
Guningtou,Kinmen, Taiwan / 1999 / 24°28'15"N118°17'20"E
−24°29'20"N118°17'20"E / 24°28'44"N118°19'39"E
−24°29'49"N118°19'39"E / 8.0 / Beishan,Nanshan / T.tridentatus / Chen et al. 2004
Kanjiang, Guangdong, China / 2000 / − / − / 1.0 / Suixi / T.tridentatus / MEP 2013
2001 / − / − / 1.7 / Wailuowan / T.tridentatus
C.rotundicauda
2003 / − / − / 2.2 / Nansandao / T.tridentatus
C.rotundicauda
Shantou, Guangdong, China / 2004 / − / − / 2.7 / Qiwang / T. gigas / MEP 2013
2004 / − / − / 3.3 / Tianxin / T. gigas
2004 / − / − / 2.1 / Pingyu / T. gigas
Imari, Japan / 2015 / − / − / 0.6 / Imari / T.tridentatus / SPG 2015
Deep Bay,
Hong Kong / Proposed / 22o25'27''N,113o55'45''E
−22o26'12''N,113o55'20''E / 22o26'43''N,113o57'12''N
−22o27'6''N,113o56'37''N / 6.8 / Pak Nai,
Ha Pak Nai / T.tridentatus
C.rotundicauda / This study
Tung Chung, Hong Kong / Proposed / 22o17'38''N,113o53'40''E
−22o17'29''N,113o53'46''E / 22o17'41''N,113o56'19''N
−22o17'37''N,113o56'22''E / 5.0 / Tung Chung Wan,
San Tau / T.tridentatus
C.rotundicauda / This study
Starling Inlet,Hong Kong / Proposed / 22o31'28''N114o12'32''E
−22o32'6''N114o12'35''E / 22o32'39''N114o13'34''E
−22o32'2''N114o14'9''N / 5.6 / LukKeng,
Sha Tau Kok / C.rotundicauda / This study
Supplementary Material 2The general characteristics and nearby human activities of the 18 study shores
Site / Shore width (m2) / Total sampling area (m2) / Total site area (m2) / Vegetation / On-shore human activities / Neighbouring human activitiesNorthwestern New Territories
TsimBeiTsui / 500 / 4,000 / 125,000 / Mangrove / Crabbing / Fishermen’s homes and livestockfarms
Sheung Pak Nai / 510 / 4,080 / 165,750 / Mangrove / Oyster farming / Fishermen’s homes
Pak Nai / 490 / 3,920 / 93,100 / Mangrove and seagrass / Oyster farming, crabbing and popular sunset spot / Recreational fishing ponds
Ha Pak Nai
(upper shore) / 170 / 1,360 / 17,850 / − / − / Temple and recreational fishing ponds
Ha Pak Nai
(lower shore) / 600 / 4,800 / 114,000 / Mangrove and seagrass / Oyster farming, crabbing and popular sunset spot / Landfill,livestockfarms and fishermen’s homes
Northeastern New Territories
LukKeng / 430 / 3,440 / 91,590 / Mangrove / Fishing and crabbing / Temple
Sha Tau Kok / 365 / 165 / 60,225 / Mangrove / Clam digging / Sha Tau Kok village and sewage treatment work
Lai Chi Wo / 300 / 2,400 / 21,300 / Mangrove and seagrass / − / Lai Chi Wo village
Pak Kok Wan / 93 / 744 / 3,720 / Mangrove / − / −
Lantau Island
Pui O / 935 / 7,480 / 54,230 / − / Swimming, camping and clam digging / Public swimming facilities
ShuiHau Wan / 221 / 1,768 / 78,676 / Mangrove / Camping,watersports and clam digging
Camping / ShuiHau village
San Tau / 352 / 2,816 / 35,904 / Mangrove and seagrass / Clam digging / San Tau village
Tai Ho Wan / 223 / 1,784 / 17,171 / Mangrove / − / Fishermen’s homes
Sham Wat / 210 / 1,680 / 21,000 / Mangrove / Occasional fishing / Sham Wat Village
Yi O / 460 / 3,680 / 39,284 / Mangrove / Clam digging / −
Tung Chung Wan / 275 / 2,200 / 27,500 / Mangrove / Clam digging / Yat Tung village
HauHok Wan / 155 / 1,240 / 7,750 / − / − / −
Lamma Island
SokKwu Wan / 170 / 1,360 / 11,220 / − / Clam digging / Temple
Seafood restaurant
References
Chen CP,YehHY, Lin PF (2004) Conservation of the horseshoe crab at Kinmen, Taiwan: strategies and practices.BiodiversConserv 13:1889–1904
Cultural Properties Protection Department of Ehime Prefecture, Japan (2015) List of natural monuments in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Accessed 24 December 2015 (in Japanese)
Ministry of the Environment Protection of the People’s Republic of China (2013) List of nature reserve in Guangzhou province. Accessed 24 December 2015 (in Chinese)
Saga Prefectural Government (2015) Horseshoe crab spawning site at Imari Bay is designated as natural monument. Accessed 24 December 2015 (in Japanese)
Seino S,Uda T, Tsuchiya Y, Tsuchiya K (2003) Conservation history of horseshoe crab Tachypleustridentatus and its spawning ground, a designated natural monument in Kasaoka Bay in Okayama Prefecture. Asian Pac Coasts 18:551–556