Big Idea 3 - Genetics and Information
Cell Signaling - Study Guide
Required Reading
● Holtzclaw 55-59
Resources
● Bozeman - Evolution of Cell Communication
● Bozeman - Cell Communication
● Bozeman - Signal Transduction in Pathways
● Bozeman - Effects of Changes in Pathways
● In Da Club - Membranes & Transport: Crash Course Biology
Be Able To
LO 3.31 The student is able to describe basic chemical processes for cell communication shared across evolutionary lines of descent.
LO 3.32 The student is able to generate scientific questions involving cell communication as it relates to the process of evolution.
LO 3.33 The student is able to use representation(s) and appropriate models to describe features of a cell signaling pathway
LO 3.34 The student is able to construct explanations of cell communication through cell-to-cell direct contact or through chemical signaling.
LO 3.35 The student is able to create representation(s) that depict how cell-to-cell communication occurs by direct contact or from a distance through chemical signaling.
LO 3.36 The student is able to describe a model that expresses the key elements of signal transduction pathways by which a signal is converted to a cellular response
LO 3.37 The student is able to justify claims based on scientific evidence that changes in signal transduction pathways can alter cellular response.
LO 3.38 The student is able to describe a model that expresses key elements to show how change in signal transduction can alter cellular response.
LO 3.39 The student is able to construct an explanation of how certain drugs affect signal reception and, consequently, signal transduction pathways.
Questions
1. Why do mutations in cell signaling pathways have such a big effect on the organism?
2. Explain how quorum sensing is an example cell signaling
3. For each of the following explain how it (a) coordinates the activities within individual cells, and (b) support the function of the organism as a whole.
○ Epinephrine stimulation of glycogen breakdown in mammals
○ Temperature determination of sex in some vertebrate organisms
○ DNA repair mechanisms
4. Compare and contrast all of the following types of signaling: juxtacrine, paracrine, endocrine, pheromone.
5. Match each of the following examples with the types of signaling above and name the origin, target, and relative distance between them.
○ Antigen-presenting cells
○ Plasmodesmata
○ Insulin
○ Human growth hormone
○ Neurotransmitters
○ Androstenone in Suidae
6. What kinds of molecules serve as chemical messengers
7. What does transduction mean (in terms of cell signaling). Give an example
8. We have previously learned about protein conformation, how is this concept related to cell signaling?
9. What is the difference between the roll of G-proteins and that of their coupled receptors?
10. Give an example of a Ligand-gated ion channel and identify the ligand and ion
11. What role to secondary messengers play in cell signaling?
12. Epinephrine cannot cross the cell membrane, but it is responsible for increasing glycogen metabolism, explain how this happens (don’t forget to talk about cAMP)
13. Many signal transduction pathways include protein modifications and phosphorylation cascades. Find an example of each in the cAMP pathway
14. Choose one of the following diseases and explain why it is an example of defective signal transduction
○ Diabetes
○ Heart disease
○ Neurological disease
○ Autoimmune disease
○ Cancer
15. Choose one of the following diseases and explain why it is an example of signal transduction being blocked
○ Neurotoxins
○ Poisons
○ Botulism
○ Cholera
○ Autoimmune disease
○ Cancer