1
Bibliographical References for Crime Prevention Evidence for Canada, USA, and Internationally
This is a list of sources brought together by Jeffrey Bradley and the uOttawa crime prevention team.
It is grouped for
- Canada
- Canadian General Sources,
- Statistics Canada, and
- Task Forces and Committees Making Crime Prevention Recommendations
- U.S.and Other Sources
Irvin Waller
Full Professor, Department of Criminology, University of Ottawa.
Last update:January 30, 2017
- CANADA
Canadian General Sources
Andresen, M. & Jenion, G. (2008). Crime Prevention and the Science of Where People Are. Criminal Justice Policy Review 19(2), 164-180.
Association of Municipalities Ontario. (2015, April 27). Building a new public safety model in Ontario: AMO’s Policing Modernization Report. Retrieved from
Bania, M. (2012). New Ways of Working? Crime Prevention and Community Safety Within Ottawa’s Community Development Framework (Ph.D.). University of Ottawa, Canada.Retrieved from
CBC Radio. (2016, January 3). Meet the cop who brought down the murder rate in inner-city Glasgow. The Sunday Edition with Michael Enright. Retrieved from
CBC Canada. (2016, January 21). Hold Your Fire (Documentary). Retrieved from
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. (2015). The Fourth R: Strategies for Healthy Youth Relationships. Retrieved from
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. (2015). Aboriginals Perspective Program.Retrieved from
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. (2013). Mental Health and Criminal Justice Policy Framework. Retrieved from
Canadian Criminal Justice Association.(2005).Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 47(2).Retrieved from
Council of Canadian Academics. (2014). Policing Canada in the 21st Century: New Policing for New Challenges- The Expert Panel on the Future of Canadian Policing Models. Retrieved from
Curman, A., Andresen, S., & Brantingham, N. (2015). Crime and Place: A Longitudinal Examination of Street Segment Patterns in Vancouver, BC.Journal of Quantitative Criminology,31(1), 127-147.
Day, D., Koegl, C., Rossman, L., & Oziel, S. (2016). The Monetary Cost of Criminal Trajectories for an Ontario Sample of Offenders.Public Safety Canada Research Report: 2015-R011. Retrieved from
Doob, N. A. (2014). Research on Public Confidence in the Criminal Justice System: A Compendium of Research Findings from Criminological Highlights. Retrieved from
Drummond, D. (2012). Chapter 14: Justice sector. In Commission on the Reform of Ontario's public services (347-361). Retrieved from
EKOs Politics. (2010, April 19). A Harder Outlook on Crime But Prevention Still More Important. Retrieved from
Gagnon, N. & Lesley, D. (2014).Youth Inclusion Program Evaluation: Final Report. Includes Stakeholder Survey Results, submitted in March 2014 to DanièleLaliberté, Technical Contract Authority, Public Safety Canada. Retrieved from
The Environics Institute. (2013, October).Crime and Justice.Focus Canada 2013 Public Opinion Poll. Retrieved from
Employment and Social Development Canada. (2014). Housing first. Retrieved from:
Federation of Canadian Municipalities. (2000). Primer on Municipal Crime Prevention. Retrieved from
Federation of Canadian Municipalities.(n.d). Policy Statement on Community Safety and Crime Prevention Policy available at
Federation of Canadian Municipalities. (2008). Towards Equity and Efficiency in Policing.A Report on Policing Roles, Responsibilities and Resources in Canada. Retrieved from
Gaetz, S., Scott, F., & Gulliver, T. (2013). Housing first in Canada: Supporting communities to end homelessness. Canadian Homelessness research network. Retrieved from
Griffiths, C. T. (2014). Economics of Policing: Baseline for Policing Research in Canada. Community Safety and Countering Crime Branch Public Safety Canada. Retrieved from
Homeless Hub, The. (2015). Housing First. Canadian Observatory on Homelessness. Retrieved from
Institute for the Prevention of Crime. (2009). Action Briefs for Municipal Stakeholders (Making cities safer; no. 3).University of Ottawa.
Institute for the Prevention of Crime Review. (2009). Crime Prevention: Sustaining the Momentum (Volume 3). University of Ottawa.
Institute for the Prevention of Crime. (2008). Canadian Strategies and Practices (Making cities safer; no. 2).University of Ottawa.
Institute for the Prevention of Crime. (2008). Homelessness, Victimization and Crime: Knowledge and Actionable Recommendations. University of Ottawa..
Institute for the Prevention of Crime Review. (2008). Towards More Comprehensive Approaches to Prevention and Safety(Volume 2).University of Ottawa.
Institute for the Prevention of Crime. (2007). Building a Safer Canada: First Report of the National Working Group on Crime Prevention. University of Ottawa.
Institute for the Prevention of Crime. (2007). International Strategies and Practices (Making cities safer; no. 1).University of Ottawa.
Institute for the Prevention of Crime Review. (2007). Learning from the Past- Planning for the Future(Volume 1). University of Ottawa.
International Centre for the Prevention of Crime. (2014). Crime prevention and community safety: Trends and perspectives. The 4th International Report.Retrieved from
Léonard, L. Dunbar, L., & Waller, I. (2016). Effective Crime Prevention to Build Safer Cities and Communities.Chapter 2, in F. Vanderschueren et al. (Eds.), City and Security, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico.
Leuprecht, C. (2014, March). The Blue Line or the Bottom Line of Police Services in Canada? Arresting runaway growth in costs. Macdonald-Laurier Institute Publication. Retrieved from
Matteo, D. L. (2014). Police and Crime Rates in Canada: A comparison of resources and outcomes. Fraser Institute. Retrieved from
McFee, D. R. & Taylor, N. E. (2014). The Prince Albert Hub and the Emergence of Collaborative Risk-driven Community Safety. Canadian Police College Discussion Paper Series: Change and Innovation in Canadian Policing. Retrieved from
McMurtry, R. & Curling, A. (2008). Roots of youth violence report.Ministry of Children and Youth Services. Retrieved from
Public Safety Canada. (2015). Evidence Based Crime Prevention. Retrieved from
Public Safety Canada. (2015). Policing research catalogue. Retrieved from
Public Safety Canada. (2013). The Stop Now and Plan Program – SNAP: Crime Prevention in Action. CPA-25. Retrieved from
Public Safety Canada. (2014). LifeSkills Training Program- LST Crime Prevention in Action. Retrieved from
Public Safety Canada. (2002). Positive Alternative to Youth Gangs (PAYG).Crime Prevention in Acton Youth Gang Prevention Fund. Retrieved from
Rankin, J. (2009, July 18). A real-estate guide to incarceration.Toronto Star. Retrieved from
Regoli, R. M., Hewitt, J. D., & DeLisi, M. (2010). Delinquency in society (8th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishing.
Roberts, J. & Hastings, R. (2007). Public opinion and crime prevention: A review of international findings. IPC Review, 1, 193-218. Ottawa: Institute for the Prevention of Crime, University of Ottawa. Retrieved from
Saskatchewan. (2016). The Hub and COR Model. Retrieved from
Schlesinger, J. (2013). Emergency Intervention. Winnipeg Health Region Science and Research. Retrieved from
Smith-Moncrieffe, D. (2013). Youth Gang Prevention Fund Projects: What did we learn about what works in preventing gang involvement? National Crime Prevention Centre, PS14-19.
Stockwell, T., Pauly, B., Chow, C., Vallance, K., Perkin, K. (2013).Evaluation of a Managed Alcohol Program in Vancouver, BC: Early Findings and Reflects on Alcohol Harm Reduction. CARBC Bulletin #9, Victoria, British Columbia: University of Victoria
Story, R. & Yalkin, T. R. (March, 2013). Expenditure Analysis of Criminal Justice in Canada.Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer: Ottawa, Ont. Retrieved from
Totten, M. & Dunn, S. (2011). Final Evaluation Report for the North Central Community Association. Retrieved from
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Calls to Action. Retrieved from
Waller, I. (2011).Rights for victims of crime : Rebalancing justice. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.
Waller, I. (2014). Smarter crime control: A guide to safer futures for citizens, communities, and politicians. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield.
Waller, I. (2016). Card or Not to Card- That is Not the Question. Presentation to Ontario Human Rights group.
Waller, I., & Martinez-Solares, V. (2016). Smarter Crime Control: Putting Prevention Knowledge into Practice. Chapter 17 in J. A. Winterdyk (Eds.), Crime Prevention- International issues and perspective. Calgary, AB: Taylor & Francis Publishing.
Waterloo Region Crime Prevention Council. (2014, March 25). Trent’s Trajectory: The dollars & ‘sense of crime prevention. Retrieved from
Wong, J., Gravel, J., Bouchard, M., Morselli, C. &Descormiers, K. (2012). Effectiveness of Street Gang Control Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Evaluation Studies. Research and National Coordination Organized Crime Division Law Enforcement and Policy Branch Public Safety Canada. Retrieved from
Wolfe, D.A., Crooks, C.V., Jaffe, P.G., Chiodo, D., Hughes, R., Ellis, W., Stitt, L., & Donner, A. (2009). A universal school-based program to prevent adolescent dating violence: A cluster randomized trial. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 163, 693-699.
Zhang, T. (2008). Costs of Crime in Canada, 2008.Justice Canada. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada Reports
Statistics Canada. Police resources in Canada, 2015. Juristat 85-002x. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. Adult correctional statistics in Canada, 2014/2015.Juristat 85-002-X. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. Family Violence in Canada: A statistical profile, 2014. Juristat 85-002-x. Retrieved
Statistics Canada. Homicide in Canada, 2014.Juristat 85-002-X. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. UCR, 2015.Juristat 85-002-X. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. UCR, 2014.Juristat 85-002-X. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. UCR, 2007.Juristat 85-002-X. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. Victimization Survey, 2014.Juristat 85-002-X. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. Victimization Survey - The General Social Survey (1989-2014). Retrieved from
Statistics Canada Crime Maps
Statistics Canada. (2011). Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Crime in Toronto: Additional Analysis on Youth Crime. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. (2009). Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Police-reported Crime in the City of Toronto. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. (2008). Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Crime on the Island on Montréal: Additional Analysis on Youth Crime. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. (2008). Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Crime: Edmonton, Halifax and Thunder Bay. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. (2008). Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Crime in Saskatoon. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. (2006). Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Crime on the Island of Montréal. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. (2006). Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Crime in Regina. Retrieved from
Statistics Canada. (2004). Neighbourhood characteristics and the distribution of crime in Winnipeg. Retrieved from
Task Forces and Committees Making Crime Prevention Recommendations
- Municipal
Brantford Community Safety and Crime Prevention Task Force. (2011). Environmental Scan. Retrieved from
City of Edmonton. (2009). Building a Culture of Community Safety in Edmonton in one generation. Retrieved from
City of Ottawa. (2004). Community Crime Prevention: Investing for a Safer Ottawa. Retrieved from
City of Surrey.(2007). The City of Surrey’s Crime Reduction Strategy.Mayor’s Task Force on Crime Reduction and Public Safety. Retrieved from
City of Thunder Bay Crime Prevention Council. (2013). 2011-2014 Community Safety & Crime Prevention Strategy. Retrieved from
City of Toronto. (1998). Toronto Task Force on Community Safety. Retrieved from
B. Provincial
Alberta Crime Reduction and Safe Communities Task Force. (2007). Building Safe Communities and Reducing Crime. Retrieved from
Government of Saskatchewan. (2011). Building Partnerships to Reduce Crime. Retrieved from
Government of Saskatchewan. (2016). Community Safety Knowledge Alliance. Retrieved from
Ontario Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services. (2015). Community Safety and Well-Being in Ontario.Retrieved from:
Ontario Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services. (2012). Crime Prevention in Ontario: A Framework for Action. Retrieved from
C. Federal
Horner, B. (1993).Crime Prevention in Canada: Toward a National Strategy. Retrieved from
National Crime Prevention Centre. (2013). Results from the Youth Inclusion Program- Atlantic Canada. Retrieved from
2. U.S. and Other Sources
Benham, B. (2016). Experts urge decriminalization of minor drug offenses, say war on drugs undercuts public health. Retrieved from
BotvinLifeSkills Training. (2016). Retrieved from
Braga, A. A., & Weisburd, D. L. (2010). Policing problem places : Crime hot spots and effective prevention(Studies in crime and public policy). New York: Oxford University Press.
Brattingham, P. & Faust, F. (1976). A Conceptual Model of Crime Prevention.Crime & Delinquency 22(3), 284-296.
Burrows, H. M. (2008).Evaluation of the youth inclusion programme research- phase 2.Youth Justice Board. Retrieved from
Burrows, H. M. (2003).Evaluation of the Youth Inclusion Programme- phase 1.Youth Justice Board. Retrieved from
Calhoun, J. (2016). Policy Walking Lighting Paths to Safer Communities, Stronger Families & Thriving Youth. Washington, DC: Brand Spoken Press.
Campbell Collaboration. (2016). Retrieved from
Cardiff University. (2012). Reducing violent crime, Research: Innovation and Impact. Retrieved from
Cauchy, D. (2014). The 4th International Report, Crime Prevention and Community Safety: Trends and Perspectives. Retrieved from
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey.Injury Prevention & Control: Division of Violence Prevention. Retrieved from
Center for Problem Oriented Policing. (2016). University at Albany. Retrieved from
Chambers, M., Ullmann, B., Waller, I. (2009). Less Crime, Lower Costs: Implementing effective early crime reduction programmes in England and Wales (Edited by G. Lockhart). Policy Exchange. Retrieved from
Cohen, L., Chavez, V., & Chehimi, S. (2010).Prevention is primary: strategies for community well being. John Wiley & Sons.
Cohen, M., & Piquero, A. (2009).New Evidence on the Monetary Value of Saving a High Risk Youth.Journal of Quantitative Criminology,25(1), 25-49.
Cure Violence. (2016). Retrieved from
European Forum for Urban Safety. (2002). Securcities Crime Prevention Europe: A comparative study of crime prevention policies in seven European cities.
European Forum for Urban Security. (2016). Methods and Tools for a Strategic Approach to Urban Security - Publication. Retrieved from
European Union Crime Prevention Network. (2009). Be Crime Prevention Strategy Page. Retrieved from
Farrington, D. P. (2010). Criminal Careers. In J. M. Brown & E. A. Campbell (Eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology (pp. 480-81). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Florence, C., Shepherd, J., Brennan, I., & Simon, T. (2014). An economic evaluation of anonymised information sharing in a partnership between health services, police and local government for preventing violence-related injury.Injury Prevention,20(2), 108.
Glasgow Public Health Strategy. (2015). Violence Reduction Unit. Retrieved from
Global Commission on Drug Policy. (2014). Taking Control: Pathways to Drug Policies that Work. Retrieved from
Green Dot Etcetera. (2010). Retrieved from
Heckman, J. J., Moon, S. H., Pinto, R., Savelyev, P. A., & Yavitz, A. (2010). The Rate of Return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program.Journal of Public Economics,94(1-2), 114–128.
Hoelscher, K., & Nussio, E. (2015). Understanding unlikely successes in urban violence reduction. Urban Studies. Retrieved from
Institute for Prevention. (2015). Urban network to support thriving youth. Retrieved from
International Centre for the Prevention of Crime. (2008). International City Exchanges program between the cities of Liège (Belgium), Bordeaux (France) and Montreal (Canada). Retrieved from
John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. (2012). Evaluation on Baltimore's Safe Streets Program: Effects on Attitudes, Participants Experiences, and Gun Violence. Retrieved from
Johnson, C. (2016, March). Oakland’s unspoken good news: Homicide rate is way down. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved from
Johnson, A. (2007, October). The Cardiff Model for Preventing Violence.Cardiff University. Retrieved from
Kennedy, D., Braga, A., Piehl, A., Waring, E. (September, 2001). Research Report Reducing Gun Violence: The Boston Gun Project’s Operation Ceasefire. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from
Lab, S. (2010). Crime Prevention: Approaches, Practices and Evaluations. Routledge.
La Délégation Interministérielle à la Ville. (2006).La Politique de la Ville.Chapitre VII.Retrievedfrom
Lister, S., Platts-Fowler, D., & Staniforth, A. (2014). N8 Policing Research Partnership, Community Engagement: Evidence Review. Manchester, UK. Retrieved from
Martínez-Solares, V., Aguilar, O., Gottsbacher, M., Mendoza, C. & Waller, I. (2015). Modelo Regional de Política Integral para la Prevención de la Violencia y el Delito. Bruselas: EUROsociAL, Proyectos Estratégicos Consultoría.Mexico. 2015.
McCluskey, K. (2016, January 3). Meet the cop who brought down the murder rate in inner-city Glasgow. CBCradio. Retrieved from
Minneapolis Blueprint for Action to Prevent.(2013, August).City of Minneapolls Health Department.Retrieved from
National League of Cities Institute for Youth, Education and Families. (2010). Preventing Gang Violence and Building Communities WhereYoung People Thrive. Retrieved from
Piehl, A., Kennedy, D., & Braga, A. (2000). Problem solving and youth violence: An evaluation of the Boston Gun Project.American Law and Economics Review,2(1), 58-106.
Prevention Institute. (2011). Blueprint for action: Preventing violence in Minneapolis. Working paper for Prevention Institute.
Secrétariat Général du Comité Interministériel de Prévention de la Délinquance. (2015).Stratégie nationale de prévention de la délinquance2013-2017. Fiches de BonnesPratiques.Retrievedfrom
Sherpherd, J. (2012). The Cardiff Model for Violence at TEDxCardiff[Youtube]. Retrieved from
Skogan, J. (2013). Information Sharing for Violence Prevention: the Cardiff Model [Youtube]. Retrieved from
Stratégie nationale de prévention de la délinquance. (2015). Retrieved from
The Economist. (2016). Global Compass: “Drugs: War or Store?” [Film]. Retrieved from
The Equality Trust. (April, 2014). The Cost of Inequality. Retrieved from
Tompson, L. (2007). Mapping out crime prevention.Criminal Justice Matters,69(1), 32-33.
United States Department of Justice. (2015). Crime solutions.National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs.Retrieved from Crimesolutions.gov.
University of Colorado Boulder.LifeSkills Training Program and Positive Educational Outcomes. Retrieved from
University of Kentucky. (2015). Green Dot effective at reducing sexual violence.Retrieved from
vanDijk, J. J. M., & de Waard, J. (1991). A two-dimensional typology of crime prevention projects: With a bibliography. Criminal Justice abstracts, 483-503.
vanDijk, J., Tseloni, A., & Farrell, G. (2012).The international crime drop new directions in research(Crime prevention and security management series). Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Waller, I. (2013). Balanced Investing in Proven Crime Prevention: A Crime Victim Right InM. Coester & E. Marks (Eds.), International Perspectives of Crime Prevention 5: Contributions from the 6th Annual International Forum 2012 within the German Congress on Crime Prevention (pp. 21-28).Monchengladback:DeutscheNationalbibliothek.
Washington State Institute. (2016). Benefit-Cost Results. Retrieved from
Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (2015). Life Skills Training Benefit-Cost Results.Retrieved from
Webster, C., & Kingston, S. (May, 2014). Anti-Poverty Strategies for the UK.Poverty and Crime Review: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Retrieved from
Intergovernmental and international resolutions
Montreal, 1989 see European Forum et al. 1989.
Dahlberg, LL., & Krug, E. (2002). Violence-a global public problem/Youth Violence. In E. G. Krug & L. L. Dahlberg, Mercy J. A., Zwi A. B. , Lozano R. (Eds), World Report on Violence and Health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1-56.
European Forum for Urban Safety, Federation of Canadian Municipalities, and United States Conference of Mayors. (1991). Final Declaration.II International Conference on Urban Safety, Drugs and Crime Prevention, November 18-20, 1991, Paris.