Best Practice in Context and Humanitarian Consequences and Needs Analysis Identification

BEST PRACTICE IN CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES AND NEEDS ANALYSIS IN FLASH APPEALS – IDENTIFICATION OF AFFECTED POPULATIONS

-  MADAGASCAR FLASH APPEAL: SECTION 3: RESPONSE PLANS; STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE
-  REVISED MADAGASCAR FLASH APPEAL: SECTION 3: RESPONSE PLANS; STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE
-  GEORGIA INITIAL FLASH APPEAL: SECTION 2.1, CONTEXT AND RESPONSE TO DATE, DISPLACEMENT
-  REVISED GEORGIA FLASH APPEAL: SECTION 2.1, CONTEXT
-  SOUTHERN AFRICA 2008: SECTION 2, TABLE IV, ESTIMATED AFFECTED POPULATION
-  HONDURAS INTIAL FLASH APPEAL: SECTION 2, IMPACT OF TROPICAL DEPRESSION 16
-  PAKISTAN REVISED HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN: SECTION 2.2, HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES AND NEEDS ANALYSIS, CASELOADS

MADAGASCAR FLASH APPEAL: SECTION 3: RESPONSE PLANS; STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE

Partners agreed that, given the compounded vulnerabilities a two-fold response is needed, including humanitarian assistance and early recovery elements, with particular attention to the establishment of safety nets and other social protection measures.

Overall, assistance will be provided to the following main groups:

Cluster / Total / Urban / Drought-affected areas
Food: / 410,000 / 260,000 / 150,000
WASH: / 891,000 / 700,000 / 91,000 served by health centres
40,000 students
60,000 in 240 villages
Nutrition: / 422,500 / 372,500
·  277,500 children under 5
·  95,000 PLW / 50,000
·  33,000 children under 5
·  17,000 PLW
Health: / 3,400,000 / Population in 8 cities and in drought-affected areas, including
·  up to 1,000 casualties
·  742,000 children under 5
·  781,000 women of reproductive age, including 153,000 PLW
Education / 73,340 / ·  45,000 primary school students (incl. 3,000 in cyclone-affected areas)
·  28,340 secondary school students and out of school youth
·  (up to 1,000,000 children will also benefit from psychosocial programmes)

In urban areas, priority will be given to:

·  the ones whose access to food and basic services have been further curtailed because of the economic impact of the socio-political crisis;

·  newly identified needs that were not covered by existing programmes, including healthcare provision for those wounded in clashes, and protection issues such as tracing and psycho-social support for victims of violence and for those among a large section of the urban population, particularly among children, who witnessed or were victims of violent events.

With regards to the drought-affected south, partners will concentrate their efforts in:

·  responding to the needs of those most affected by the effects of the drought, including the malnourished and/or food-insecure, for which access to food, health and WASH services are critical to avoid a further deterioration of their nutritional status.

{This analysis was further developed and refined for the Flash Appeal’s revision in July 2009}

REVISED MADAGASCAR FLASH APPEAL: SECTION 3: RESPONSE PLANS; STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE

Priority is given in this revision to the following areas of intervention:

(i)  Drought in the south (approximately 276,000 persons requiring assistance)

·  Providing nutritional support to malnourished children and their families.

·  Related food security, water and health interventions in support of nutrition activities.

·  Time critical agricultural support and early recovery activities, as well as safety net food security interventions, in anticipation of the lean season.

(ii)  Urban violence and vulnerability (approximately 140,000 persons requiring assistance)

·  Promotion of freedom of speech, social cohesion and human rights.

·  Psycho-social support to deal with the impact of the crisis, especially exposure to politically motivated violence among youth.

·  Monitoring and assessment activities to track increasing vulnerability.

·  Replenishment of emergency medical stocks and surgery supplies.

(iii)  Cyclones (approximately 100,000 persons requiring assistance)

·  Emergency rehabilitation of schools.

·  Replenishment of depleted stocks for upcoming cyclone season.

Based on the above, it is estimated that some 516,000 people continue to require humanitarian assistance – of which over 57,000 children under-five and 24,000 pregnant and lactating women. Overall, under the revised Appeal, assistance will be provided to the following main groups:

Cluster / Total number of beneficiaries per sector / Political crisis / Drought-affected areas / Cyclone
Food Security and Livelihoods / 156,300 / 6,300 / 150,000 / -
WASH / 426,000 / 50,000 / ·  148,000 served by health centres
·  48,000 students
·  80,000 in 260 villages / 100,000
Nutrition / 81,000 / ·  7,000 malnourished children under five and families (35,000 people)
·  22,000 children under five at risk
·  24,000 PLW / -
Health / 366,769 / Up to 350 casualties / Up to:
·  298,735 under-five
·  68,034 PLW / -
Education / 73,000 / ·  42,000 students
·  28,000 youth / - / 3,000 students
Protection / 15,000 / ·  15,000 children
·  25 senior managers of public and private media outlets Commanders of the army forces, gendarmerie, and police
·  Victims of human rights abuses / - / -

GEORGIA INITIAL FLASH APPEAL: SECTION 2.1, CONTEXT AND RESPONSE TO DATE, DISPLACEMENT, PAGE 6

Displacement

This crisis has added a new caseload to a pre-existing one of approximately 220,000 IDPs. According to the Government, approximately 88,000 persons have, as of 17 August, approached it for assistance in Tbilisi and its surrounding region. This figure, which is changing daily, is being verified by UNHCR mobile teams. The planning figures for this appeal, rounded-up, are as follows (see detailed the table on displacement figures on page nine):

Total displacement within Georgia / 128,700
(of which in South Ossetia) / 30,000
Total displacement to Russian Federation / 30,000
Total displacement from this crisis / 158,700

Profile of the displaced population

Most of the displaced population comes from South Ossetia and from the town of Gori, and its surroundings. Some of the affected persons are experiencing their second displacement as a result of the recent conflict. Having fled from previous crises in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, they had mostly been living as IDPs in Gori when the latest conflict erupted. First demographic analyses indicate that:

·  More than 50% of the displaced are women and children;

·  The majority comes from rural areas;

·  Agricultural activities were the main source of income prior to displacement.

The motives for flight were combat activities and heavy bombardment in their regions of origin. The displacement occurred in two waves: the first during the initial military operations by Georgian troops, the second after Georgian forces withdrew from the conflict zone and Russian troops together with militias moved in. All large-scale movements took place in and round South Ossetia. However, a small number of persons have also fled from Upper Abkhazia and from Samegrelo Region as Russian forces entered those territories. These IDPs stayed within western Georgia, as all other movements were inhibited by combat activities.

Due in large part to the sudden nature of the crisis, the displaced populations lack essential life-sustaining support, including food, water and sanitation, essential domestic items, protection, and access to health care. Additionally, one of the immediate impacts on people has been the trauma, psychological as well as physical, of the sudden eruption of violence.

From the outset and given the fast-changing circumstances, reception facilities were not immediately available and therefore newly displaced persons were accommodated largely in schools. These facilities are not equipped to provide accommodation for more than a few days, but given the scarcity and need for shelter must be used at least for a few weeks or more. It may also be necessary to make repairs before the school year begins to ensure the facilities can receive pupils, including IDP pupils.

IDPs from the current crisis in Georgia are residing either with family or friends or, increasingly, are moving into collective centres. Prior to the crisis, more than 1,600 collective centres were hosting some 100,000 IDPs. Since the crisis began, more centres have been opened. There are 550 collective centres have been registered by the Government in Tbilisi alone including a tented site. The speed and proliferation of collective centres poses severe logistical difficulties for responding humanitarian organisations in dealing with the two different groups that may merge in many instances.

{This analysis was further developed and refined for the Flash Appeal’s revision in October 2008}

REVISED GEORGIA FLASH APPEAL: SECTION 2.1, CONTEXT, PAGE 5

As the situation has stabilised a clearer picture of displacement has emerged. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Government’s Civil Registry Agency (CRA) as of 12 September (the date of the most recent update) 68,269 displaced persons have returned. Much of the initial concentration of IDPs in Tbilisi has dispersed through a secondary movement from Tbilisi to the Shida Kartli region (the main town of which is Gori) where some 7,200 persons are now accommodated in a tented camp, in collective centres, and with host families. Due to lack of access to parts of the recently affected area, populations spontaneously settling with host communities, as well as a fluid return process, precise data and profiling of the displaced remains hard to establish. This new internally displaced person (IDP) caseload aggravates the challenges faced by the Government of Georgia in seeking long-term solutions for the approximately 220,000 IDPs from previous conflicts in the regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. As well as the need to focus on meeting minimum standards of accommodation and access to basic services for all IDPs, key issues such as security of tenure and the legal status of new IDPs require resolution.

The humanitarian response has focused on provision of essential support to newly displaced populations across the country, including to some 36,600 IDPs in 382 collective centres in Tbilisi, and the setting up of a camp hosting 2,500 IDPs in Gori. Provision of food and non-food items (NFI), health care and psycho-social support has been achieved through close coordination with the Government and vital repairs to water and sanitation in collective centres have been carried out. The Government postponed the start of the school year in some places to have time to provide solutions for IDPs hosted in kindergartens; many of these IDPs have since moved to Gori to be closer to their place of origin. The formation of cluster working groups to coordinate the activities of the many UN agencies and NGOs haS succeeded in engaging the Government as a key actor in the response.

The August 2008 conflict and resulting displacement has greatly impacted the civilian population, both the IDPs as well as host communities, and requires a sensitive, professional and human-rights-based approach. While the specific immediate needs of the newly displaced need to be addressed, a harmonised, non-discriminatory approach toward the old and new IDP caseloads is essential.

Current estimated figures for IDPs and returnees*

Location of displacement / IDPs / Returnees / Total
Georgia / Current
estimates / Planning assumption
for later returns and long-term displacement[1] / Current
estimates / Planning assumption for immediate returns / Planning assumption for IDPs/returnees in Georgia
Tbilisi (IDPs mainly from South Ossetia; Upper Khodori; adjacent areas) / 36,000
(mostly in collective centres) / 23,102 temporary emergency shelter and later returns, 31,003 long-term displacement and durable housing
Shida Kartli region (IDPs mainly from South Ossetia; adjacent areas) / 14,788
Other / 5,000
Sub-total IDPs in Georgia / 55,788 / 54,105 / 68,269 / 73,394 / 127,499
South Ossetia
(estimated[2]) / 10,000-15,000 / No information on returns
No planning assumptions at this time
North Ossetia-Alania
(estimated[3]) / 2,000
Sub-total of current estimates of IDPs in Georgia, South Ossetia, North Ossetia-Alania / 67,788 – 72,788
Total of persons currently displaced or affected as a result of the current crisis in Georgia, South Ossetia, North Ossetia-Alania / 139,499 – 144,499

* Note: Any discrepancies between figures of displaced people, returnees, or other conflict-affected persons in the revised Flash Appeal and the JNA must be understood as the former document reflecting more recent updates in estimated and recorded numbers of people.

SOUTHERN AFRICA 2008: SECTION 2, TABLE IV, ESTIMATED AFFECTED POPULATION, PAGE 6

Table IV.

Estimated population and land affected by flooding in Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe

(October 2007 – 24 January 2008)

Affected persons * / Confirmed dead / Affected land (hectares)
Malawi
(HH = 5.5 persons) / 155,469
-- 54,181 persons with damaged homes
-- 98,488 affected (some asset loss)
-- 2,800 displaced from Mozambique
Based on government estimates / 3 / 10,080
Mozambique
(HH = Five persons) / 258,000
Roughly:
-- 92,000 evacuated to resettlement centres in 2008
-- 160,000 2007 caseload w/crop loss, most of them in resettlement centres since 2001 or 2007
Based on National Technical Secretariat for Food Security and Nutrition assessment / 9 / 89,000
Zambia
(HH = Six persons) / 20,022
Displaced as follows:
-- 17,754 staying with host families
-- 1,164 in tents
-- 1,104 in schools
Based on Zambia VAC / 8 / 44% destruction of the maize crop in the six districts affected
Zimbabwe
(HH = Five persons) / 15,168
-- Displaced, or homes and/or crops partially or fully destroyed
Based on Joint Government / UN / IOM / Zimbabwe Red Cross Society (ZRCS) multi-sectoral assessment / 1 / 12,000
TOTAL / 448,659 / 21 / >111,080

* NOTE: In all of the countries, limited access to affected areas, fluctuating population movements and changing weather make it difficult to estimate the number of people displaced or otherwise affected through damage to their homes or crops. Further, current estimates are not disaggregated by sex and age to allow a better understanding of the different impact on women, girls, boys and men. The figures are based on the best available estimates from the Government sources listed below. In Mozambique, the Government, in collaboration with partners, is conducting a verification exercise, while in Malawi, the Government, in collaboration with partners, is planning verification exercises to selected districts in February 2008.

Sources: Government of Malawi’s Department of Disaster Management Affairs (affected, deaths, land).

Sources: Government of Mozambique’s National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC) and National Technical Secretariat for Food Security (SETSAN) (affected, deaths); Provincial Directorates of Agriculture (land).

Sources: Government of Zambia’s Vulnerability Asessment Committee (affected, land, deaths).

Sources: Government of Zimbabwe’s Civil Protection Unit (CPU) and District Administrators (affected, deaths); District Administrator in Muzarabani (land).