History of the World

Chapter 23

Before and During World War II

Before WW II

Benito Mussolini – becomes fascist dictator of Italy

  • Fascism – form of socialism that allows people to keep private property but takes away their freedoms

Great Defenders of the faith:

  • J. Gresham Machen
  • R.A. Torrey
  • Billy Sunday
  • Campbell Morgan
  • Harry Rimmer
  • Gypsy Smith

Charles Lindberg – made first non-stop flight across the Atlantic in 1927

The Great Depression

  • Began 1929 when stock market crashed
  • Herbert Hoover – became president at beginning
  • Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) - proposed The New Deal to help in 1932 (did little to help the economy)

World War II

  • Adolf Hitler- becomes leader of Nazi Germany
  • Third Reich – what Hitler calls the new government in Germany
  • Haile Selassie – emperor of Ethiopia who appealed for help from the League of Nations when Italy invaded
  • Powers:
  • Axis Powers:
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Japan (later)
  • Allies:
  • Great Britain
  • Soviet Union (USSR)
  • USA (later)
  • Joseph Stalin –communist dictator of Russia
  • WWII began – September 1, 1939 with Germany invasion of Poland

During WWII

  • Winston Churchill – became prime minister of Great Britain(brave and led country through the “dark hours” of WWII)
  • Pearl Harbor – December 7, 1941 – Japanese attacked the US Naval Fleet at Pearl Harbor (US declares war on Dec. 8)
  • General Erwin Rommel – lead the Afrika Corps in North Africa
  • General Sir Bernard Montgomery – British general who fought in North Africa
  • General Dwight D.Eisenhower – chosen to head up the D-Day invasion on beaches of Normandy
  • General George S.Patton – famous general on European front
  • Battle of the Bulge – the Germans last great offensive in the West
  • V-E Day – when Germany Surrendered on May 7, 1945
  • Battle of Coral Sea – first naval battle in history in which the enemy ships never even saw each other
  • Hiroshima – first atomic bomb to be used on a city (August 6, 1945)
  • V-J Day –surrender of Japanese on September 2, 1945)
  • Holocaust – horrible slaughter of Jews by the Nazis between 1934-1945

Chapter 24

The Cold War Era

Threats to World Peace

United Nations (UN):

  • organized in 1945 to keep world peace
  • headquarters in New York City
  • actually helped spread of communism

Cold War

  • Definition: A war fought with NO fighting with weapons but WITH words and diplomacy
  • Why fought?
  • To “win friends” either to cause of freedom or communism
  • How America fought communism
  • Truman Doctrine – declared the US would provide economic aid to any free country to help it resist communism
  • Marshall Plan – said the US would provide economic assistance to help European nations to recover from WW II
  • NATO – (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed as a defensive alliance to stop communism
  • War
  • Korean
  • Vietnam

During the Cold War

China

  • Chaing Kai-shek – was a Christian nationalist leader of China who established a free Nationalist government on Taiwan
  • Mao Tsetung – launched a Cultural Revolution to cleanse China of Western and foreign influences

Japan

  • General Douglas MacArthur
  • During WW II was a well known general in the Pacific
  • 1945-1952 he served as the military governor of occupied Japan
  • Lead UN forces in Korean War
  • Mitsuo Fuchida – a member of the squadron who attacked Pearl Harbor, became a Christian in 1950

Korean War

  • Ended in a stalemate (nothing gained by either side)

Nikita Khrushchev

  • Replaced as leader in Russia when Joseph Stalin died in 1953

Fidel Castro

  • Became the Cuban dictator in 1959

Panama Canal

  • Built by US and became an important shipping channel that connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

Space Race

  • Neil Armstrong was first man to walk on the moon (July 20, 1969)

Europe

  • Operation Airlift – was an attempt to provide West Berlin with needed supplies
  • Berlin Wall – built to keep East Berliners (communist side) from escaping to West Berlin
  • Charles de Gaulle – was leader of the Free French government during WW II, became president of France in 1958
  • Margret Thatcher – became Britain’s first woman Prime Minister in 19779
  • Falklands War – when Argentina invaded the British colony Falkland Islands, but they were defeated by Britain
  • David Ben-Gurion – lead Israel to become a Nation-State again in 1948
  • Détente – a lessoning of tension or hostility between nations

Ronald Reagan

  • Prevented a full-fledged communist invasion of Grenada with his policies

Mikhail Gorbachev

  • Instituted restructuring of the Soviet Union in 1980’s

Soviet Union ceased to exist as a nation on December 25, 1991

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