SANT 307 - Hviding - Autumn 2004 - M.Phil.,Anthropology of Development
Anthropology of Development
M.Phil. programme,
Department of Social Anthropology,
University of Bergen
AUTUMN SEMESTER 2004 (August-December)
Contested Resources:
Ecological Anthropology in Global Perspective
(SANT 307)
Course Syllabus
Course leader:Professor Edvard Hviding
(Room 828, email:, tel. 55589264. Professor Hviding's conference hours are Thursdays, 14-15, or by prior appointment)
Time:Wednesday, 12.15-14.00 (Lecture)
Friday, 10.15-12.00 (Lecture)
Monday, 14.15-16.00 (Seminar)
Thursday, 12.15-14.00 (Seminar)
Location: Seminar room, Department of Social Anthropology (L. Meltzer's House,
8th floor)
Credits: 10
Duration: 6 weeks
Language: English
Teaching methods: Lectures, seminars, films
Number of lectures: 12
Number of seminars: As required, normally 2 per week
Examination form: School exam, 6 hours
Study requirements: Submission of written paper and short reports, seminar presentations
Objectives
Through the close study of ethnographic cases from throughout the world, the students shall gain analytical insights into resource use conflicts and local-global interactions in a range of ecological contexts and economic regimes. The course also aims to provide students with basic analytical tools for fieldwork on human-environment interactions in contexts of globalization.
Course Content
The course introduces and exemplifies theories and approaches in ethnographic studies of relations between society and nature. Through anthropological case studies from throughout the world, comparative perspectives are sought on human knowledge, use and management of resources in contexts of agriculture, fishing, pastoralism and other systems of production. The course gives additional attention to contemporary issues of conflict over resources in the tropical world, particularly concerning the globalization of timber, fish and minerals in tropical areas formerly on the colonial peripheries. In intensive seminars, wider comparative perspectives from students' own countries are developed. Finally, the course addresses the involvement in resource contestations of global actors such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs), transnational companies and development aid agencies, highlighting the ways in which these processes interact with local systems of tenure, property and politics.
Requirements
All students are expected to attend all lectures and participate actively in all seminars, and to prepare by advance reading according to the course calendar. Students are expected, individually or in organized groups, to prepare brief assigned presentations to seminars, based either on course readings or on previous personal experience. Mid-way through the course students will receive individual writing assigments consisting of a paper of 2,000-3,000 words in which comparative perspectives on empirical material from at least two different regions of the world should be developed and discussed in accordance with the thematic focus of the course. Each student must submit a proposed title for this paper by 15th October (via email to course leader), and the paper is to be submitted (via email if possible) in final form to course leader by 27 October. The student will receive written feedback on this paper once successfullysubmitted.
Course Calendar
The course offers two lectures and two seminars per week, as listed below. In addition, students are expected to organize their own small-group discussions.
LECTURES (Wednesdays, 12.15-14.00, Fridays, 10.15-12.00)
Date / Lecturer / Topic and readingsWed 29 Sep / Professor Edvard Hviding / Course introduction: Contested Resources.
Fri 1 Oct / Professor Edvard Hviding / Ecological Anthropology in Global Perspective.(Gadgil & Guha 1994; Kalland 2003; Milton 1993)
Wed 6 Oct / Dr Amrik Heyer / Environment and Development in Africa(I).(Tiffen & Mortimore 1994; Fairhead & Leach 1995, 2000). FILM.
Fri 8 Oct / Dr Amrik Heyer / Environment and Development in Africa(II). (Rocheleau et.al. 1995; Neumann 2000, Schroeder 2000). FILM
Wed 13 Oct / Professor Edvard Hviding / Contested Rainforests: Case studies from Southeast Asia, Melanesia and the Amazon.(Brosius 2003; Ellen 1993, Bayliss-Smith et.al. 2003; Moran 1996)
Fri 15 Oct / Professor Edvard Hviding / Ecological Anthropology, Political Ecology. (Escobar 1999; Ingold 1992; Kalland 2003)
Wed 20 Oct / Professor Edvard Hviding / The Local and the Global: Analysis and Contexts(Maurer 2000; Vayda 1983)
Fri 22 Oct / Dr Ståle Knudsen / Turkish Black Sea Fisheries: State Policies, Fishing Practices and Theories of Knowledge.(Knudsen 1995, 2004, 2004)
Wed 27 Oct / Dr Are Knudsen / Forests and the Commons in North-west Pakistan.(Knudsen 1999, Oakerson 1992, Ostrom 1990)
Fri 29 Oct / Professor Edvard Hviding / Timber, Minerals and Fish: Contested Resources in the PacificIslands.(Bayliss-Smith et.al. 2003;Filer 1997; Hviding 1998, 2003 ["Contested .."])
Wed 3 Nov / Professor Edvard Hviding / Contested Knowledge: Local Views and Global Science in Oceania.(Hviding 2003 ["Both Sides …"], 2003 ["Between …"]
Fri 5 Nov / Professor Edvard Hviding / Concluding lecture and discussion.
Mon 8 Nov / EXAM
SEMINARS (Mondays, 14.15-16.00, Thursdays, 12.15-14.00)
Date / Seminar leader / FocusThu 30 Sep / Edvard Hviding / Gadgil & Guha 1994.
Mon 4 Oct / Edvard Hviding / Escobar 1999, Kalland 2003, Milton 1993
Roundtable discussion: students' contributions
Thu 7 Oct / Amrik Heyer / Gardner & Lewis 1996, "The Anthropology of Development"
Mon 11 Oct / Amrik Heyer / Gardner & Lewis 1996, "Subverting the Discourse."
Thu 14 Oct / Edvard Hviding / Roundtable discussion: students' contributions
Mon 18 Oct / Rolf Scott / FILM: To Live with Herds (Uganda)
Thu 21 Oct / Rolf Scott / FILM: The Last of the Cuiva (Colombia)
Mon 25 Oct / Ståle Knudsen / Knudsen 1995, 2004, 2004
Thu 28 Oct / Rolf Scott / FILM:Black Harvest (Papua New Guinea)
Mon 1 Nov / Edvard Hviding / Rolf Scott / FILM: Chea's Great Kuarao (Solomon Islands)
Thu 4 Nov / Edvard Hviding / Roundtable discussion: students' contributions
Reading list
The required reading for the course amounts to approximately 750 pages. Of this, about 650 pages have been compiled in a compendium of photocopied materials, available from the Department from Wednesday, 29 September. In addition the following book, from which several chapters are required reading, must be obtained:
a) Book:
Broch-Due, Vigdis & Richard A. Schroeder (eds.), 2000.Producing Nature and Poverty in Africa. Uppsala: The Nordic Africa Institute.
Required reading, marked (B&S) in list of articles:
Fairhead & Leach (pp 173-197)
Neumann (pp 220-242)
Schroeder (268-294)
b) Articles:
* Article in compendium.
(B&S) In book edited by Broch-Due and Schroeder
(x) To be distributed before or during the applicable lecture.
Bayliss-Smith, Tim, Edvard Hviding & Tim Whitmore *
2003. "Rainforest composition and histories of human disturbance in Solomon Islands." Ambio, 32: 346-352. (7pp)
Brosius, J. Peter *
2003. "The Forest and the Nation: Negotiating Citizenship in Sarawak, East Malaysia", in Cultural Citizenship in Island Southeast Asia: Nation and Belonging in the Hinterlands, Renato Rosaldo (ed.), 76-133. Berkely: University of California Press. (59pp)
Ellen, Roy*
1993. "Rhetoric, practice and incentive in the face of the changing times: a case study in Nuaulu attitudes to conservation and deforestation", in Environmentalism: The View from Anthropology, Kay Milton (ed.), 126-143. London: Routledge. (19pp)
Escobar, Arturo *
1999. "After Nature: Steps to an Antiessentialist Political Ecology." Current Anthropology, 40:1-29. (31pp)
Fairhead, JamesMelissa Leach(x)
1995. "False Forest History, complicit social analysis: rethinking some West African environmental narratives". World Development, 23:1023-1035. (14pp)
Fairhead, James & Melissa Leach(B&S)
2000. "Reproducing Locality: A Critical Exploration of the Relationship between Natural Science, Social Science, and Policy in West African Ecological Problems", in Producing Nature and Poverty in Africa, Vigdis Broch-Due & Richard A. Schroeder (eds.), 173-197. Uppsala: The Nordic Africa Institute. (26pp)
Filer, Colin *
1997. "The Melanesian Way of Menacing the Mining Industry", in Environment and Development in the PacificIslands, Ben Burt & Christian Clerk (eds.), 91-122. Canberra: Pacific Policy Paper 25, National Centre for Development Studies, The AustralianNationalUniversity. (33pp)
Gadgil, Madhav & Ramachandra Guha *
1994. "Ecological Conflicts and the Environmental Movement in India". Development and Change, 25: 101-136. (37pp)
Gardner, Katy & David Lewis *
1996. "The Anthropology of development", and "Subverting the Discourse - knowledge and practice", Chapters 3-4 in Anthropology, Development and the Post-Modern Challenge, 50-102. London: Pluto Press. (54pp)
Hviding, Edvard *
1998. "Contextual flexibility: present status and future of customary marine tenure in Solomon Islands.” Ocean & Coastal Management, 40: 253-269. (18pp)
Hviding, Edvard *
2003. "Contested Rainforests, NGOs and Projects of Desire in Solomon Islands." International Social Science Journal 55 (4) Issue 178: 439-453. (16pp)
Hviding, Edvard *
2003. "Both Sides of the Beach: Knowledges of Nature in Oceania", in Nature Across Cultures: Non-Western Views of the Environment and Nature, Helaine Selin (ed.), 245-275. Science Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Sciences, Volume 4. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (31pp)
Hviding, Edvard *
2003. "Between Knowledges: Pacific Studies and Academic Disciplines". The Contemporary Pacific, 15:43-73. (31pp)
Ingold, Tim *
1992. Culture and the perception of the environment. In Bush Base: Forest Farm. Culture, Environment and Development, E. Croll and D. Parkin (eds.), 39-56. London: Routledge. (18pp.)
Kalland, Arne *
2003. "Anthropology and the concept 'sustainability': Some reflections", in Imagining Nature: Practices of Cosmology and Identity, A. Roepstorff, N. Bubandt & K. Kull (eds.), 161-177. Arhus: AarhusUniversity Press. (18pp)
Knudsen, Are J. *
1999. "Deforestation and Entrepreneurship in the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan", in State, Society and the Environment in South Asia, Stig Toft Madsen (ed.), 200-235. Richmond: Curzon Press / Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. (37pp)
Knudsen, Ståle *
1995. "Fisheries along the Eastern Black Sea Coast of Turkey: Informal Resource Management in Small-Scale Fishing in the Shadow of a Dominant Capitalist Fishery." Human Organization, 54: 437-448. (13pp)
Knudsen, Ståle *
2004. "Is there Indigenous Knowledge in the Middle East? Towards a Reassessment of Knowledges in Management of Common Pool Resources." Paper presented at the 10th Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property (IASCP), Oaxaca, Mexico, 9-13 August 2004. (27pp)
Knudsen, Ståle *
2004. "From Tax to Proteins: State Fishery Policy and the Disregard of Tradition in Turkey." Middle Eastern Studies, 40(5): 109-156. (50pp)
Maurer, Bill *
2000. "A Fish Story: Rethinking Globalization on Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands". American Ethnologist, 27: 670-301. (33pp)
Milton, Kay 1993.*
"Introduction: Environmentalism and Anthropology", in Environmentalism: The View from Anthropology, Kay Milton (ed.), 1-17. London: Routledge. (19pp)
Moran, Emilio F. *
1996. "Nurturing the Forest: Strategies of Native Amazonians", in Redefining Nature: Ecology, Culture and Domestication, Roy Ellen & Katsuyoshi Fukui (eds.), 531-555. Oxford: Berg. (26pp)
Neumann, Roderick P. (B&S)
2000. "Primitive ideas: protected area buffer zones and the politics of land in Africa", in Producing Nature and Poverty in Africa, Vigdis Broch-Due & Richard A. Schroeder (eds.), 220-243. Uppsala: The Nordic Africa Institute. (25pp)
Oakerson, Ronald J. *
1992. "Analyzing the Commons: A Framework", in Making the Commons Work: Theory, Practice, and Policy, Daniel W. Bromley et. Al. (eds.), 41-59. San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies [ICS] Press. (20pp)
Ostrom, Elinor *
1990. "Analyzing long-enduring, self-organized, and self-governed CPRs." Chapter 3 in Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 58-102 (46pp)
Rocheleau, D.E., P.E. Steinberg & P.A. Benjamin(x)
1995. "Environment, Development, Crisis & Crusade: Ukambani, Kenya, 1890-1990". World Development, 22: 1037-1053. (18pp)
Schroeder, Richard A.(B&S)
2000."'Re-claiming' land in the Gambia: gendered property rights and environmental intervention’, in Producing Nature and Poverty in Africa, Vigdis Broch-Due & Richard A. Schroeder (eds.), 268-295. Uppsala: The Nordic Africa Institute. (29pp)
Tiffen, M. & M. Mortimore(x)
1994."Malthus controverted: the role of capital and technology in growth and environment recovery in Kenya".World Development, 22: 997-1010. (15pp)
Vayda, Andrew P. *
1983. "Progressive Contextualization: Methods for Research in Human Ecology". Human Ecology, 11: 265-281. (18pp)
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