Basics of language

BOL 450

SOMALI

Creative Program Learning

Dr. Bob Boland

Copyright RGAB 2006/1

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Contents

Preface 1

How to use this programme 2

Progress Work sheet 4

Throat and structural exercises 5

1 Introduction 7

2 Social 14

3 Things 22

4 Time and numbers 30 *

5 Travel 38 *

6 Food 50 *

7 Business 58 *

8 Family and weather 64 *

9 Yesterday, today and tomorrow 70 *

10 Managers and marriage 76 *

BOL 450 – Word summary 81

BOL 450 – Simplified grammatical summary 86

Quiz (with answers) 91

Glossary 97

Appendix – Medical/Health Terninology 106

Note: In this mini version the frames marked * are not included


Throat and Structural exercises

First: Repeat these exercises very slowly to develop correct pronunciation.

Then: Repeat them quickly many times until you can complete them in about five minutes.

To exercise the throat:

kan (kan) kaas (kaas) kuwan (kuwen)

isaga (eessarga) haysta (high-starr) sidee (seedair)

ayo (iyo) hayeeshee (haayesh-air) fiican (fee-an)

hadii (hud-ee) -ki (i-kee) - (-) saacad (sar-ad)

dayuurad(die-u-rat) mahas-sanid(marhat-saneed) jod (chid) train(tren)

khalad (khk-alad) nolal(nolool) xaas(hars) mindi(meen-di)

adag (ardug) xun (hoon) fillan (fiilun)

filan (fiilun) waa (waa) filan (fiilun)

Other key sounds: calan (allen), zaal (haal), qol (kol), dhalan (dalan), been (ben), biin (bean), olol (olol), la’aan (lah-aan), buug (boog), boog (bawg).

To exercise basic language structures:

1. To illustrate subject and object / 6. To illustrate possessive pronouns and possession
a) Anigu biya-ha waan cab-aa. / a) Gabadh-u rooti-gayga, wey cun-taa.
b) Adigu biya-ha waad cab-taa. / b) gabadh-aydu rooti-gayga, wey cun-taa.
c) Isagu rooti-ga wuu cun-aa.
d) Iyadu rooti-ga wey cun-taa.
2. To illustrate noun classes and plurals
a) Nin-ku rooti-ga wuu cun-aa.
b) Gabadh-u rooti-ga wey cun-taa.
c) Niman-ku biya-ha wey cab-taa.
d) Gabadh-uhu biya-ha wey cab-taa.
3. To illustrate definite and indefinite articles
a) Nin-ku biy-o wuu cab-aa
b) Nin-ku in biya-ha wuu cab-aa.
c) Nin-ku qol wuu doona-yaa.
d) Nin-ku qol-ka wuu doona-yaa. / c) Nin-ka gabadh-tiisu rooti-giisa, wey cun-taa.
d) John gabadh-tiisu rooti-giisa, wey cun-taa.
7. To illustrate ‘it is’ and ‘there is’
a) Taasi waa rooti.
b) Waa halkan.
c) Taasi waa nin.
d) Waa fiican-i.
e) Waa ay haboon-tahay inaad adigu ...
f) Waa ay haboon-tahay inaad anigu ...
g) Waa ay laga-marmaan inaad ...
8. To illustrate the present tense
a) Anigu waan cun-aa.
b) Anigu ma cun-o
c) Anigu waan cun-ayaa.
d) Anigu ma cun-o-ayo.
e) Adigu waad cun-taa rooti-ga.
f) Adigu ma cun-tid rooti-ga.
g) Adigu waad cun-taa rooti-ga.
h) Adigu ma cun-tid rooti-ga.

To illustrate demonstrative pronouns

a) Nin-kanu qol-ka wuu doona-yaa.

b) Nin-kaasu qol-ka wuu doona-yaa.

c) Gabadh-u rooti-gan (= rooti-ga-kanu) wey doona-ysaa).

d) Gabadh-u rooti-gaas (= rooti-ga-kaasu) wey doona-ysaa).

To illustrate adjectives

a) Nin-ka fiicani rooti-ga wuu cun-aa.

b) Nin-ka xuni rooti-ga wuu cun-aa.

c) Gabadh-a fiicani rooti-ga fiican wey cun-taa.

d) Gabadh-a xuni rooti-ga xun wey cun-taa.

9. To illustrate the past tense / 14. To illustrate the passive tense
a) Anigu waan cun-ayey. / a) in-ku rooti-ga wuu cun-aa.
b) Anigu maan cun-aynin. / b) -
c) Anigu waan cun-ay. / c) Gabadh-u biya-ha wey doona-aysaa.
d) Anigu maan cun-in. / d) -
e) Adigu rooti-gii waad cun-tay. / 15. To illustrate relative pronouns
f) digu rooti-gii maad sun-in. / a) Nin-ka halkan joog-a ...
g) digu rooti-gii waad cun-tay. / b) Nin-ka aan la cun-o ...
h) digu rooti-gii maad cun-in. / c) Nin-ka aan doon-ayo ...
10. To illustrate the future tense / d) Rooti-ga aan cun-o ...
a) Anigu waan cun-i doon-aa. / 16. To illustrate ‘everyone’
b) Anigu ma cun-i doon-o. / a) Qof-walba wuu joog-aa.
c) Adigu rooti-ga waad cun-i doon-taa. / b) Qof-walba rooti wuu cun-aa.
d) Adigu rooti-ga ma cun-i doon-tid. / c) Qof-walba-wuu sheeg-aa.
e) Adigu rooti-ga waad cun-i doon-taa. / d) Qof-walba halkaas wuu tag-aa.
f) Adigu rooti-ga ma cun-i doon-tid. / 17. To illustrate interrogations
11. To illustrate adverbs / a) Nin-ku waa ayo?
a) Nin-ku wuu ku cun-aa qol-ka. / b) Waa maxay?
b) Nin-ku wuu ku cun-ayaa imika. / c) Aaway?
c) Nin-ku dagdag wuu u cun-ayaa. / d) Waa imisa rooti-gu?
d) Ni-ku wuu ku cun-aa qaaddo. / 18. To illustrate ‘must’
12. To illustrate ‘to be’ / a) Ilowa waa inaan hays-taa.
a) Anigu waan ahay nin. / b) Ilowa waa inaad tag-taa.
b) Anigu ma ahay nin. / c) Ilowa qof-walba-waa inuu cun-aa.
c) Adigu halkan waad joog-taa. / d) Ilowa qof-walba-waa inaanu tag-in.
d) Adigu halkan ma joog-tid. / 19. To illustrate ‘want’
e) Adigu qol-ka waad joog-taa. / a) Anigu in rooti-ga ah waan doon-ayaa.
f) Adigu qol-ka ma joog-tid. / b) Adigu qol waad doon-aysaa.
13. To illustrate ‘to have’ / c) Anigu inaan cuno-waan doon-ayaa.
a) Anigu rooti-ga waan haya-taa. / d) Adigu in waad doon-aysaa.
b) Anigu rooti-ga ma hays-to. / 20. To illustrate positive and negative
c) Adigu rooti-ga waad hays-taa. / a) Haa.
d) Adigu (biys-ha) ma hays-atid. / b) Maya.
c) Hubaal.
d) Marna.

maan seexanin

maad seexanin

muu seanin

mey seexanin

muu seexanin

maanu seexanin

meytaan seexanian

mey seexanan

Waa = wuu = is

in- = to

inaan = in-waan = to


Section 1- Introduction

Programmed instruction – Part A

1. Anigu. Anigu waan ahay. Anigu waan ahay John.

... waan ahay John. Anigu

Anigu ...... John. waan, ahay

Anigu waan ahay ... John

2. Adigu. Adigu waad tahay. Adigu waad tahay Jane.

... waad tahay Jane. Adigu

Adigu ...... Jane. waad, tahay

Adigu waad tahay ... . Jane

3. Anigu waan ahay John iy-aduna (=iyo adigu) waad tahay Jane.

Anigu waan ahay John ... adigu waad tahay Jane. iy-aduna(=iyo Anigu iyo adigu = annagu/waanu. adigu)

Adigu iyo anigu = ... / ... . annagu waanu

... waan ahay John ... waad Jane. anigu, iy-aduna (= iyo adigu)

Annagu waanu nahay John ... Jane. iyo

...... John iyo Jane. Annagu, waanu, nahay

4. Anigu waan ahay John.

Anigu ma waan ahay John ?

Haa, anigu waan ahay ... . John

... ,anigu waan ahay John . Haa

5. Anigu waan ahay John.

Anigu ma waan ahay Jane ?

Maya, anigu ma-ihi ... . Jane

... ,anigu ma-ihi Jane . Maya

6. Adigu waad tahay Jane.

Adigu ma waad tahay Jane ?

..., adigu waad tahay Jane. Haa

Haa, ...... tahay Jane. adigu waad

7. Adigu waad tahay Jane.

Adigu ma waad tahay John ?

Maya, adigu ... John. ma-tihid

..., adigu ma-tihid John. Maya

8...... John, iy-aduna (iyo adigu) waad Jane. Anigu waan

Annagu ma waanu nahay John iyo Jane ?

Haa, ...... nahay John iyo Jane. annagu waanu

9. Isagu. Isagu wuu yahay. Isagu wuu yahay John.

... wuu yahay John. Isagu

Isagu ...... John. wuu yahay

isagu wuu yahay ... . John

anigu waan ahay = anigu waan = I am (ahay may be omitted)

iy-aduna = iyo adigu = and you

annagu = we = waanu

annagu waanu nahay = we, we are (emphasis)

waan = I = waxaan (x in a personal pronoun indicates a continuous state of being. This form has been ignored in this program.)


Section 1 – Introduction

Programmed instruction – Part A

10. Iyadu. Iyadu waa (wey) tahay. Iyadu waa tahay Jane.

... waa tahay Jane. Iyadu

Iyadu ...... Jane. waa, tahay

11. Isagu waa John.

Isagu ma John baa ? (= Isagu ma waa tahay John ?)

Haa, ...... John. isagu, waa

..., iyadu waa Jane. Haa

12. Iyadu waa Jane.

Iyadu ma Jane baa ?

Haa, ...... Jane. iyadu, waa

..., iyadu waa Jane. Haa

13. Isagu waa John iy-aduna (iyo iyadu) waa Jane.

Isagu ma Jane baa ?

Maya, isagu ... Jane. ... waa John. ma-ana, Isagu

Iyadu ma John baa ?

..., iyadu ma-aha John. ... waa Jane. Maya, Iyadu

14. Isagu waa John iy-aduna (iyo adigu) waa Jane.

Idinku weydin John ... Jane. iyo

Isagu iyo adigu = idinku/weydin.

Adigu iyo isagu = ...... idinku, weydin

...... (ti-hiin) John iyo Jane. Idinku, weydin

15. Isagu waa John iy-aduna (iyo iyadu) waa Jane.

Iyagu wey John ... Jane. iyo

Isagu iyo iyadu = iyagu/wey.

Iyadu iyo isagu = .../... . iyagu, wey

16. Waa. Waa yaal. Waa yaal halkan.

... yaal halkan. Waa

Waa ... halkan. yaal

Waa yaal ... . halkan

Ma yaal halkan ?

Haa, waa yaal ... . halkan

17. Ma-aha yaal halkan. Waa yaal halkaas.

Ma yaal halkan ?

Maya, ... yaal halkan. Waa yaal ... . ma-aha, halkaas

Ma yaal halkaas ?

Haa, waa yaal ... . halkaas

18. John iyo Jane halkan ma joog-aan.

John iyo Jane, ma halkan ay joog-aan ?

..., John iyo Jane halkan ma joog-aan. Maya

Maya, iyagu ... ma joog-aan. halkan

waa=wey (attentive) = is

waa tahay = is (may be omitted)

John baa = John (with emphasis)


Section 1 – Introduction

Programmed instruction – Part A

19. John iyo Jane ma halkan joog-aan?

Maya, iyagu halkan ... joog-aan. ma

Iyagu halkaas bey ... . joog-aan

... halkaas bey joog-aan. Iyagu

20. Ma yaal halkan?

Maya, ma-aha ... halkan. ... yaal halkaas. yaal, Waa

Ma yaal halkaas ?

Haa, waa ... halkaas. yaal


Section 1 – Introduction

Programmed instruction – Part B

1. Haye John. Haye

... Jane.

2. Haye. Adigu iska warren ?

Anigu waan wanagsanahay, mahad-sanid.

Haye Jane. Adigu ...... ? Iska warran

Anigu waan wannagsanahay, mahad-... . sanid

3. Haye John.

... Jane.

Adigu iska warran ?

Anigu waan ... , mahad-sanid. ... iska warran ? wanaagsanahay,

Adigu

...... wanaagsanahay, mahad-sanid. Anigu waan

4. Subax wanaagsan, Jane.

...... John. Subax wanaagsan

Adigu iska ... ? warran

Anigu waan wanaagsanahay, ...... mahad-sanid

5. Galab wanaagsan, John.

...... Jane. Galab wanaagsan

Adigu ... warran ? iska

Anigu ... wanaagsanahay, mahad-sanid. Waan

6. John ? John ? ... iska warran ? Adigu ma ... ? Adigu, wanaagsantahay

Maya Jane. Anigu ma ... wanaagsanahay. ihi (maihi)

Ah? ... ma wanaagsanid ? Adigu

Maya, ... wanaagsani. Anigu

7. Jane wey wanaagsantahay.

Jane miyey (= ma-wey) ... wanaagsantahay. wey

... , iyadu wey wanaagsantahay Haa

John miyuu (= ma-wuu) wanaagsanyahay. ?

Maya, isagu ... aha wanaagsana. ma (maaha)

8. Haye John iyo Jane. Idinku ... warren? iska

Annagu waanu wanaagsan..., ... -sanid. wanaagsannahya, Ah ? John ma wuu wanaagsanyahay? mahad

... John wuu wanaagsanyahay, Jane... wey wanaagsantahay. Haa, Janena

..., ... waanu wanaagsannahay. Haa, annagu

9. John wuu nin.

John ma nin baa ?

Haa, John wuu ... . Isagu wuu “Mr.“* nin

John wuu nin iyo ... . (*no word used)

wanaagsanid = not well (you) = negative of wanaagsantahay

wanaagsani = not well (l) = negative of wanaagsanyahay


Section 1 – Introduction

Programmed instruction – Part B

10. Jane ma nin baa ? gabadh

Maya, Jane ma-aha nin. Iyadu waa ... . gabadh

11. “Miss” waa gabadh. “Mrs” waa gabadh.

“Mrs ma-aha nin. ... waa gabadh. “Mrs”

“Miss” ma-aha nin. ... waa gabadh. “Miss”

... waa nin. “Mr”

12. John was nin iyo “Mr”.

Jane ma gabadh baa ?

Haa, iyadu waa ... iyo “Miss”. gabadh

“Mrs” waa gabadh iyo ... waa gabadh. “Miss”

Habeen wanaagsan, John ... Jane. iyo

13. Anigu waan, hays-taa in biya-ha.

Anigu in biyo, ma hays-taa ah?

Haa, ... in biyo waah ... . anigu, hays-taa

Fadlan, ... in biya-ha. qaad

14. Adigu qol waad leed-ahay.

Adigu qol, ma leed-ahay ah ?

Haa, ... qol baa, waad ... . adigu, leed-tahay

15. Anigu ... waan hays-taa iy-aduna qol waad leed-tahay. in

Annagu waanu hays-naa in biya-ha iyo ... . qol

Annagu, in iyo qol, ma hays-naa ?

Haa, ...... in iyo qol, ... . annagu, waanu hays-naa

... -wanaagsan. Ah ? Habeen

17. Isagu in ... waa hays-aa, iy-aduna qol was leed-tahay. biya-ha

Adigu in biya-ha iyo ..., waad hays-taa. qol

Adigu in biya-ha iyo qol, ma hays-taa ?

Haa, ... in iyo qol ...... adigu, waad, hays-taa

...-wanaagsan. Habeen

16. Isagu in ... waa hays-aa, iy-aduna qol waa leed-tahay. biya-ha

Iyagu waa ... hays-taan biya-ha iyo qol. in

Iyagu in biya-ha iyo qol ma waa hays-taan?

Haa, iyagu in biya-ha ... qol, waa ... . iyo, hays-taan

... in biya-ha waa ..., iyo ... qol waa ... . Isagu, hays-aa,

iyadu, leed-tahay

Habeen ... . wanaagsan

18. Biya-hii waa yaal halkan. Fadlan, qaad in biya-ha.

Halkan waa biya-... . Fadlan, ... in biya-ha. -hii, qaad

Ah. Mahd-sanid.

19. Biya-hii waa yaal halkaas. ... qaad in biya-ha. Fadlan

Halkaas waa yaal biya-... . Fadlan, ... in biya-ha. -hii, qaad

...-sanid. Mahad-

20. Nabad-gelyo John. Nabad-gelyo Jane.

...-... , John iyo Jane. Nabad-gelyo

hays-taa =h (have a thing)

leed=ahay = have (have a room, a space)

qaad=take


Section 2 – Social

Programmed instruction – Part A

1. John halkan aywuu (ay-wuu) joog-aa. Imisa halkan joog-aa?

Hal (1).

Jane halkan ayey (ay-wey) joog-taa. ... halkan joog-taa? Imisa

Hal (1).

2. John iyo Jane halkan ayey (ay-wey) joog-aan. Imisa halkan joog-aan ?

Labo (2).

John iyo Jane ... ayey joog-aan. Imisa halkan ... ? halkan joog-aan

Labo (2). Imsa ? ...

Hal (1) iyo hal (1) waa labo (2).

3. Hal (1) iyo ebar (0) waa hal (1).

Ebar (0) iyo hal (1) waa ... . Imisa ? Hal (1). hal (1)

Hal (1) iyo hal (1) waa ... . labo (2)

Labo (2) iyo ... waa labo (2). ... ? Labo (2). ebar (0), Imisa

4. Labo (2) iyo hal (1) kale waa saddex (3). Imis? ... . Saddex (3)

... iyo labo (2) kale waa saddex (3) Hal (1)

Saddex (3)... ebar (0) waa saddex (3). iyo

Ebar (0) iyo ... waa saddex (3). ...? Saddex (3). Saddex (3), Imisza

Ebar (0), hal (1), ... , saddex (3). labo(2)

5. Labo (2) iyo labo (2) kale waa afar (4). Imisa ? ... . Afar (4)

Hal (1) iyo saddex (3) kale waa ... . afar (4)

Afar (4) ... laga-jaray saddex (3) waa hal (1). Afar (4) laga-jaray

hal (1) waa ... . saddex (3)

Saddex (3) iyo hal (1) waa afar (4).

Afar (4) ... hal (1) waa saddex (3). laga-jaray

6. Afar (4) iyo hal (1) waa shan (5).

Afar (4) iyo ... waa afar (4). ... ? Afar (4). ebar (0), Imisa

Saddex (3) iyo labo (2) kale waa ... . shan (5)

Shan (5) laga-jaray labo (2) waa ... . saddex (3)

Ebar (0), ... , labo (2), saddex (3), afar (4). hal (1)