B2 Knowledge Test

  1. Label these diagrams of cells:

  1. Complete this table to give the function of the following organelles:

Organelle / Function
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Vacuole
  1. Which type of microscope has the largest magnification?
  2. State 2 differences between a bacterial cell and an animal cell.
  3. Define the term ‘gene’.
  4. Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
  5. State the complementary base pairs found in DNA.
  6. How is complementary base pairing different if DNA is pairing with mRNA?
  7. What chemical substances would you need if you were trying to extract DNA from Kiwis?
  8. Which scientists ‘cracked the DNA code’?
  9. How did they use the work of other scientists to help them?
  10. What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project?
  11. State 2 potential benefits of the HGP.
  12. What is a plasmid?
  13. What do we mean by genetic engineering?
  14. What are used to cut the DNA and stick it into the genome of the new organism?
  15. Complete the table below to give one advantage and one disadvantage of Genetic Engineering for each example:

Advantage / Disadvantage
Beta carotene in Golden Rice
Producing insulin
Production of herbicide resistant crops
  1. Complete this table to compare mitosis and meiosis

Mitosis / Meiosis
Number of daughter cells formed
Are the daughter cells identical to the parent cell?
Do the daughter cells have haploid or diploid nuclei?
Used for…
  1. Define fertilisation.
  2. Define cloning.
  3. Write out the stages of cloning a mammal in 5 bullet points.
  4. What is the main source of stem cells in research? What ethical issue is associated with this source?
  5. Complete the table below to give one advantage and one disadvantage of each method:

Advantage / Disadvantage
Cloning
Embryonic stem cell research
  1. What provides the code for the structure of a protein?
  2. Write out the stages in protein synthesis in 5 bullet points.
  3. What is a mutation?
  4. What are the units that make up proteins?
  5. Proteins are specific. What does this mean?
  6. What is an enzyme?
  7. How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
  8. How does pH affect enzyme activity?
  9. Where in the enzyme does the reaction take place?
  10. If an enzyme is denatured, what does this mean?
  11. Describe one use of enzymes outside of the body?
  12. State 2 processes inside the body that use enzymes.
  13. Define respiration and write the equation for aerobic respiration. For each substance in the equation, state where it diffuses from and to.
  14. Define diffusion
  15. Explain the effect exercise has on breathing rate and heart rate?
  16. An athlete has a stroke volume of 76cm3 and a heart rate of 60 bpm. Calculate their cardiac output.
  17. When and why may cells start to respire anaerobically?
  18. Write a word equation for anaerobic respiration.
  19. What does EPOC stand for and what happens during it?
  20. Describe three adaptations of a leaf for photosynthesis.
  21. Write the word equation for photosynthesis.
  22. State the three limiting factors for photosynthesis.
  23. Describe what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as the concentration of Carbon Dioxide increases.
  24. Define transpiration.
  25. Describe how mineral ions are absorbed into the root.
  26. Describe how water enters the root and then moves through the plant.
  27. What is the function of the phloem?
  28. Define Osmosis.
  29. How are root hair cells adapted to their function?
  30. State three reasons why there are gaps in the fossil record.
  31. Describe how the pentadactyl limb provides evidence for evolution.
  32. What three things must a cell do for an organism to grow?
  33. Complete this table to describe the function of the different parts of the blood:

Component / Function
Red Blood Cell
White Blood Cell
Plasma
Platelets
  1. Complete the table by putting each of these parts of the heart under the appropriate heading – Pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta, vena cava, left ventricle, left atrium, right ventricle, right atrium,

Carries oxygenated blood / Carries deoxygenated blood
  1. How is backflow of blood prevented in the heart?
  2. How is the structure of the left ventricle different from the right ventricle?
  3. Describe the function of the following vessels – artery, vein, capillary.
  4. Describe the function of each of the following parts of the digestive system:

Organ / Function
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
  1. How does the muscular wall in the alimentary canal aid movement of food? Name the process.
  2. Complete this table about digestive enzymes:

Enzyme Group / Example / Function
Amylase
Breaks protein into amino acids
Lipase
  1. State the two functions of bile.
  2. How and why is the villi adapted?