B-Test year 6 History Totalitarianism M.Joy
Document A
Hitler before the German Court, SPEECH OF FEBRUARY 26, 1924
IT SEEMS strange to me that a man who, as a soldier, was for six years accustomed to blind obedience, should suddenly come into conflict with the State and its Constitution. …. When I was seventeen I came to Vienna, and there I learned to study and observe three important problems: the social question, the race problem, and, finally, the Marxist movement. I left Vienna a confirmed anti-Semite, a deadly foe of the whole Marxist world outlook, and pan-German in my political principles….
By Marxism I understand a doctrine which in principle rejects the idea of the worth of personality, which replaces individual energy by the masses and thereby works the destruction of our whole cultural life. This movement has utilized (used) monstrously effective methods and exercised tremendous influence on the masses, which in the course of three or four decades could have no other result than that the individual has become his own brother's foe, while at the same time calling a Frenchman, an Englishman, or a Zulu his brother. This movement is distinguished by incredible terror, which is based on a knowledge of mass psychology....
Document B
Stalin – Man of the Year, 1940 (Time Magazine, )
(On Stalin’s 60th birthday)..In an editorial called "Our Own Stalin," Pravda declared: "Metal workers of Detroit, shipyard workers of Sydney, women workers of Shanghai textile factories, sailors at Marseille, Egyptian fellahin, ..—all speak of Stalin with love. He is the hope of the future for the workers and peasants of the world."….
In 1928 Trotsky was exiled from the U.S.S.R., in 1936 Zinoviev and Kamenev were tried for treason, found guilty, shot. …. In 1938 Rykov and Bukharin went before the firing squad.
In twelve years of Stalin absolutism…. There were accounts of big dams built, large factories going up, widespread industrialization, big collective-farming projects. Five-Year plans were announced. Free schools and hospitals were erected everywhere. Illiteracy was on the way to being wiped out. .. .
To be sure, the collectivization program in the Ukraine resulted in a famine which cost not less than 3,000,000 lives in 1932. It was a Stalin-made famine. The number of wrecks and industrial accidents became prodigious. Soviet officials laid it to sabotage. More likely they were due more to too rapid industrialization. Millions in penal colonies were forced into slave labor…
Document C
Questions
1 According to Document A what 3 problems did Hitler observe in Vienna, and what 3 effects did these have on him? 3 marks
2 In Document A, paragraph two, what two methods are used by Marxism, according to Hitler? 2 marks
3 In Document B, identify two positive aspects of Stalin’s 12-year rule of the USSR 2 marks
4 In Document B, list three criticisms of Stalin’s industrial and agricultural policies. 3 marks
5 Using your own knowledge (and these documents, if relevant), describe how totalitarianism affected those who lived in ONE of the countries you have studied for this course. 15 marks
Total: 25 marks