History OGT
1. During World War II, Japanese troops occupied much of China. This weakened the Chinese government, and in 1949, communist forces overthrew the government and established a communist state. What effect did the Chinese Communist Revolution have on the development of the Cold War?
A. It decreased tensions, because it led to the formation of the Warsaw Pact.
B. It increased tensions, because it strengthened the independence movement in India.
C. It increased tensions, because it increased Western fears of communist expansion.
D. It decreased tensions, because it led to the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union.
2. During the Spanish-American War, the U.S. Navy destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in the Philippines. The U.S. Congress later voted for annexation of the Philippines.
What was one reason for this act of U.S. imperialism?
A. to provide the U.S. with a valuable naval base in the Pacific
B. to provide the U.S. with a place to relocate its immigrant population
C. to decrease the U.S. need to export raw materials for industrialization
D. to increase the U.S. population by extending citizenship to the Filipinos
3. As a result of the Versailles Treaty, Germany lost its overseas colonies in Africa. How did the loss of these colonies contribute to the outbreak of World War II?
A. Without Germany as a competitor for colonies, Britain and France put little effort into rebuilding their navies.
B. The Nazis exploited German resentment of their colonial losses by engaging in territorial expansion in Europe.
C. Rivalries between Britain and France for territory in Africa prevented these countries from taking action to stop aggression in Europe.
D. The United States ignored Germany’s military build-up because Germany was not likely to become powerful without raw materials from its former African colonies.
4. Which change in U.S. society in the 20th century was an outgrowth of the success of the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s?
A. the passage of laws to protect the natural environment
B. the increase in funding for elementary and secondary education
C. the expansion of the role of state governments in economic affairs
D. the creation of new groups to advocate for the rights of other minorities
5. The United States fulfilled one of its imperialist ambitions in the early 20th century by acquiring land to build the Panama Canal. State two reasons (political and/or economic) why U.S. imperialists wanted to build the canal.
Write your answer
6. Which was a common factor in the United States that caused the Red Scare following World War I and McCarthyism following World War II?
A. racial tension in major cities
B. signs of economic downturn
C. fear of communist expansion
D. the counterculture movement
7. Following World War II, France attempted to re-establish control over its colony, Indochina, which included Vietnam. Leaders of the Vietminh, a communist-supported independence movement in Vietnam, fought against France’s efforts to retake the colony. The United States viewed this conflict as part of the Cold War and aided France.
This U.S. action was based on which policy?
A. a policy of opposing colonialism
B. a policy of helping Japan rebuild its economy
C. a policy of containing the spread of communism
D. a policy of participating in United Nations’ peacekeeping efforts
8. The Weimar Republic was established in Germany following World War I. An important factor leading to the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the rise of Nazi dictatorship that took Germany into World War II was
A. Germany’s resentment of U.S. involvement in European affairs.
B. the rise of independence movements in Germany’s overseas colonies.
C. Germany’s failure to rebuild its armed forces following World War I.
D. the economic burden of war reparations (payments) to Germany’s former enemies.
9. The appearance in many U.S. cities of department stores, organized sporting events, musical theaters and amusement parks in the last decades of the 19th century was evidence of what effect of industrialization?
A. improved living conditions on American farms
B. the growing power of unions to negotiate benefits for their members
C. government-sponsored programs to improve public health and education
D. an increase in the leisure time and disposable income of the urban middle class
10. What is one direct consequence of the U.S. civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s?
A. the right to freedom of religion for all citizens
B. the end of legal segregation in public places
C. the granting of citizenship to African-Americans
D. the passing of legislation to protect the accused
11. In 1977, advocates for people with disabilities staged a series of protest demonstrations across the country. These demonstrations urged enforcement of anti-discrimination legislation.
The demonstrations continued a pattern of protests for equal treatment under the law influenced by
A. anti-war protests during the Vietnam War.
B. civil rights marches of the 1950s and 1960s.
C. farm labor strikes of the 1960s.
D. Ku Klux Klan rallies of the 1920s.
12. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, U.S. foreign policy was closely tied to domestic economic concerns. The annexation of Hawaii, the Open Door Policy with China, and the construction of the Panama Canal in Latin America were all motivated by an interest in
A. breaking up monopolies and trusts.
B. extending land grants for railroad construction.
C. acquiring new markets and sources of raw materials.
D. limiting the power of labor unions to strike.
13. The use of atomic weapons at the end of World War II fostered fears about their potential use during the Cold War years.
These fears were critical in determining the U.S. response to
A. the Marshall Plan.
B. the Berlin Blockade.
C. the Cuban Missile Crisis.
D. the independence movement in India.
14. In the United Nations Charter, member nations pledge to “unite our strength to maintain international peace and security.” Since ratification of its charter following World War II, the primary goal of the United Nations has been to
A. restore world trade disrupted by World War II.
B. encourage industrial growth begun during World War II.
C. establish policies to help nations pay World War II debts.
D. intervene in world conflicts to prevent another war such as World War II
15. Many Latin American nations gained their independence early in the 19th century. The relationship between the people and their government changed. Slavery existed under colonial governments, but some of the new nations, such as Haiti, did not permit slavery. The abolition of slavery was based on Enlightenment ideas of
A. liberty as a natural right of man.
B. separation of governmental powers.
C. personal rights as less important than civil order.
D. the authority of absolute monarchs
16. In 1943, 15 percent of the shipyard workers in San Francisco were Chinese-Americans. Before this, they had been largely confined to working in restaurants and laundries. The switch in occupations was due, in large part, to the
A. shipbuilding skills of Chinese-Americans.
B. increased availability of higher education for immigrants.
C. increased labor union restrictions against Chinese-American workers.
D. massive need for workers to build ships during World War II.
17. What problem arising from U.S. industrialization did the progressive reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries want the federal government to address?
A. use of child labor in the workplace
B. unfair taxes on the wealthy
C. restrictions on the use of natural resources
D. lack of capital for railroad expansion
18. How did the political systems in Africa change as a result of European colonialism in the 19th century?
A. Opportunities for self-rule increased.
B. Administrative units were set up along ethnic lines.
C. Traditional forms of tribal authority were weakened.
D. Administrative units became smaller for better control.
19. As a result of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, progressive reformers sought government regulation of business in order to
A. control economic cycles of inflation and recession.
B. provide money for public services such as schools and libraries.
C. restore competition by limiting the power of monopolies and trusts.
D. prevent companies from moving their factories to other countries.
20. In the early 20th century, many African-Americans moved from the South to cities in the North. This “Great Migration” helped stimulate a flowering of artistic talent by African-Americans in New York known as the Harlem Renaissance.
One way in which the Harlem Renaissance was significant was that it
A. reduced racial tensions in the northern cities.
B. led to a decline in activity by the Ku Klux Klan.
C. led to a relaxation of restrictions on African-Americans in the South.
D. contributed to the recognition of African-American culture
21. Use the following graph to answer the question.
What effect of 19th-century industrialization in the United States is represented by the changes shown in the above graph?
A. increased regulation of child labor
B. modernization of agriculture
C. decreased demand for farm products
D. emigration from the United States
22. In 1898, U.S. support for Cuban independence led to war with Spain and contributed to the United States becoming an imperial power.
What was a decisive factor in the decision to go to war?
A. the opportunity to annex Hawaii
B. the desire to acquire a naval base
C. the protection of U.S. commerce and trade
D. the need for a shorter route from the Atlantic to the Pacific
23. Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s?
A. Unions were needed to guarantee a steady supply of workers.
B. Union membership was required for employment in new industries.
C. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their large workforce.
D. Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays
24. After World War I, the League of Nations was created to help resolve international conflicts before they led to war.
What did Japan’s successful invasion of Manchuria in 1931 indicate about the ability of the League of Nations to prevent World War II?
A. The League had little power to stop acts of aggression.
B. The League was concerned only with disputes in Europe.
C. The League’s army was unprepared for modern warfare.
D. The League was led by countries with the weakest military forces
25. Following World War II, the Soviet Union dominated the countries of Eastern Europe. Forty years later, the Soviet bloc disintegrated and the Soviet Union broke apart as well.
These later events led to
A. struggles for political control in countries formerly under the control of the Soviet Union.
B. the Chinese Communist Revolution.
C. renewed conflict between Israel and its neighbors.
D. the dismantling of the NATO alliance.
26. The League of Nations was created after World War I as a forum for resolving international conflicts. However, the League was unable to resolve tensions that led to World War II.
One factor that contributed to the ineffectiveness of the League was the
A. breakup of colonial empires in Africa and Asia.
B. decision of the United States not to join the League.
C. opposition of League members to the Treaty of Versailles.
D. rise of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
27. At the end of World War II, Soviet armies liberated the countries of Eastern Europe from Nazi Germany.
The occupation of these countries by the Soviet Union contributed to the development of the Cold War by
A. contributing to conflict in the Middle East.
B. bringing about the reunification of Germany.
C. strengthening the authority of the United Nations.
D. dividing Europe into communist and non-communist spheres.
28. During World War II, Japanese-Americans were relocated from their homes on the West Coast of the United States to internment camps in the U.S. interior.
This action indicated a widespread fear that Japanese-Americans were
A. a threat to national security.
B. members of the Communist Party.
C. competitors for jobs in wartime factories.
D. immigrating to the United States in large numbers.
29. One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was
A. a decrease in child labor.
B. an increase in demand for handicraft goods.
C. a decrease in immigration to the United States.
D. an increase in urbanization.
30. One factor that motivated U.S. imperialism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was the
A. development of closer political ties with European nations.
B. closing of China to all foreign trade.
C. support of international peacekeeping operations.
D. acquisition of new markets and sources of raw materials.