Full file at
1
Full file at
Astronomy Today, 6e (Chaisson/McMillan)
1
Full file at
Chapter 2
1
Full file at
The Copernican Revolution: The Birth of Modern Science
1
Full file at
2.1
1
Full file at
True/False
1
Full file at
1)
1
Full file at
It was the Chinese who provided critical ancient data on supernovae and comets.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.1
1
Full file at
2)
1
Full file at
When a planet retrogrades, it appears to move westward for weeks at a time.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.2
1
Full file at
3)
1
Full file at
Like the Sun and the Moon, the planets appear to move from west to east from one day to the next.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.2
1
Full file at
4)
1
Full file at
Like the Sun and the Moon, the stars appear to move from west to east from one day to the next.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.2
1
Full file at
5)
1
Full file at
As originally stated, the Copernican model did no better a job of predicting planetary behavior than did the Ptolemaic one.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.3
1
Full file at
6)
1
Full file at
Galileo's observations of the entire phase cycle of Venus proved that Ptolemy's epicycles could not be correct in keeping Venus between us and the Sun.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.4
1
Full file at
7)
1
Full file at
Galileo's observations of sunspots proved the Sun was rotating, like the Earth.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.4
1
Full file at
8)
1
Full file at
Kepler found the orbits of planets are ellipses, not circles.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.5
1
Full file at
9)
1
Full file at
The orbits of most of the planets have eccentricities close to zero.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.5
1
Full file at
10)
1
Full file at
Kepler based his theories on the precise planetary observations of Tycho Brahe.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.5
1
Full file at
11)
1
Full file at
The eccentricity of a perfectly circular orbit is 1.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
FALSE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.5
1
Full file at
12)
1
Full file at
Kepler determined the shape of each planet's orbit by triangulation from different points on Earth's orbit, using observations made at many different times of the year.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.5
1
Full file at
13)
1
Full file at
Mercury, with a higher eccentricity orbit, should change its orbital speed more than do Venus or Earth.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.5
1
Full file at
14)
1
Full file at
A planet (or comet) will speed up as it approaches the Sun
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.5
1
Full file at
15)
1
Full file at
Transits of Venus were critical in early determinations of the A.U.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.5
1
Full file at
16)
1
Full file at
Newton's Laws completely replaced the incorrect work of Kepler.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
FALSE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.5
1
Full file at
17)
1
Full file at
Newton's modification of Kepler's Third Law lets us measure the mass of the Sun.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.5
1
Full file at
18)
1
Full file at
Newton's gravity would explain why Saturn, so far from the Sun, moves so slowly across the sky.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.7
1
Full file at
19)
1
Full file at
It the mass of a body were doubled, its gravity would become 4X stronger.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
FALSE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.7
1
Full file at
20)
1
Full file at
According to Newton's second law, if you double the force acting on a body, the acceleration will double.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
TRUE
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.7
1
Full file at
2.2
1
Full file at
Multiple Choice
1
Full file at
1)
1
Full file at
The principal culture that transferred Greek astronomical knowledge to Renaissance Europe was:
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
Byzantine.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
Chinese.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
Mongol.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
Islamic.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
Mayan.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
D
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.2
1
Full file at
2)
1
Full file at
The most accurate Greek attempt to explain planetary motion was the model of:
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
Aristotle.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
Pythagoras.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
Hipparchus.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
Ptolemy.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
Erastothenes.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
D
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.2
1
Full file at
3)
1
Full file at
The Ptolemaic model probably persisted for all these reasons EXCEPT:
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
it had the authority of Aristotle behind it.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
it was consistent with the doctrines of the Catholic Church.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
it used perfect circles, which appealed to geometry.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
it accounted well for Galileo's observations of the phase cycle of Venus.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
it explain why stellar parallax was not observed by the Greeks.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
D
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.2
1
Full file at
4)
1
Full file at
The greatest contribution of the Greeks to modern thought was:
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
the idea that all the planets orbited the Sun.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
that their mythology was the basis for the naming of the constellations.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
that their observation of stellar parallax proved the Earth orbited the Sun.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
the development of scientific inquiry and model building.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
the invention of the telescope.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
D
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.2
1
Full file at
5)
1
Full file at
The Ptolemaic model of the universe:
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
explained and predicted the motions of the planets with deferents and epicycles.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
is the basis of our modern cosmology.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
could not account for the stellar parallax observed by Hipparchus.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
describes the orbits of the planets as being ellipses, not circles.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
always kept Mars and Mercury between the Earth and Sun.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
A
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.2
1
Full file at
6)
1
Full file at
Scientists today do not accept the Ptolemaic model because:
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
it is ancient history.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
it was too complicated, compared to Copernicus' heliocentric model.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
it has been shown that Ptolemy faked his data.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
it had no explanation for retrograde motion.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
the work of Tycho and Kepler showed the heliocentric model was more accurate.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
E
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.3
1
Full file at
7)
1
Full file at
On which of these assumptions do Ptolemy and Copernicus agree?
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
The Earth must be the center of all motion in the Cosmos.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
All orbits must be perfect circles.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
The Sun was bigger than the Earth.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
Venus must always stay between us and the Sun.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
The Sun must orbit us, but the planets do orbit the Sun.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
B
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.3
1
Full file at
8)
1
Full file at
The heliocentric model was actually first proposed by:
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
Aristotle.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
Archimedes.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
Aristarchus.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
Alexander the Great.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
Hipparchus.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
C
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.3
1
Full file at
9)
1
Full file at
According to Copernicus, the retrograde motion for Mars must occur
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
at inferior conjunction, when Mars laps the earth and passes between us and the Sun.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
at superior conjunction, when Mars lies on the far side of the Sun.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
at quadrature, when Mars lies exactly 90 degrees east or west of the Sun.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
at greatest elongation, when Mars can get up to 47 degrees from the Sun.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
at opposition, when the earth overtakes Mars and passes between Mars and the Sun.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
E
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.3
1
Full file at
10)
1
Full file at
Which was a contribution to astronomy made by Copernicus?
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
The planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
His theory of gravity accounted for the variable speeds of the planets.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
He laid out the order and relative motion of the known solar system.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
He discovered the Sun was not at the center of the Milky Way.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
His telescope revealed the four moons of Jupiter, a model solar system.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
C
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.3
1
Full file at
11)
1
Full file at
Which of these was NOT a part of the original Copernican model?
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
The Sun lies at the center of the solar system.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
Mercury must move faster in its orbit than any other planet.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
The Earth rotates on its axis once a day.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
Venus can go all the way around the Sun.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
Mercury speeds up at perihelion, and slows down at aphelion.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
E
1
Full file at
Diff: 3
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.3
1
Full file at
12)
1
Full file at
Which of the statements below is part of both the Ptolemaic and Copernican models?
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
The Earth orbits the Sun once a year.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
The Sun lies in the center of the Cosmos.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
The Moon orbits the Earth once a month.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
Epicycles are needed to explain retrograde motion of the planets.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
Venus' epicycle must always lie between us and the Sun.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
C
1
Full file at
Diff: 3
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.3
1
Full file at
13)
1
Full file at
Which of these was NOT seen telescopically by Galileo?
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
sunspots
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
Venus' phase cycle
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
Four moons around Jupiter
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
stellar parallax
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
Craters and mare on the Moon
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
D
1
Full file at
Diff: 1
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.4
1
Full file at
14)
1
Full file at
Which of the following was NOT a contribution of Galileo to astronomy?
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
Sunspots showed the Sun was rotating on its axis, like the Earth does.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
The four moons of Jupiter are a model for the solar system motions in general.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
The phases of Venus prove it orbits completely around the Sun.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
The changing appearance of Saturn's rings corresponds to our seasons.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
The craters and mare of the Moon prove it a world in its own right.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
D
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.4
1
Full file at
15)
1
Full file at
Which of the following is a contribution to astronomy made by Galileo?
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
The astronomical telescope can show us far more detail than the eye can.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
Jupiter has four moons orbiting it.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
The Moon has craters, mountain, valleys, and dark flat areas on its surface.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
Venus appears almost fully lit when it lies on the far side of the Sun.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
all of the above
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
E
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.4
1
Full file at
16)
1
Full file at
Which of these observations of Galileo refuted Ptolemy's epicycles?
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
the complete cycle of Venus' phases
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
the rotation of sunspots across the sun's surface
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
the revolution of Jupiter's moons around it
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
the craters on the Moon
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
the visibility of many more stars with the telescope
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
A
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.4
1
Full file at
17)
1
Full file at
Which of these was NOT a telescopic discovery of Galileo?
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
the moons of Saturn
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
the craters and mare of the Moon
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
sunspots and the rotation of the Sun
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
the four largest moons of Jupiter
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
the phases of Venus
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
A
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.4
1
Full file at
18)
1
Full file at
A fatal flaw with Ptolemy's model is its inability to predict the observed phases of
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
the Sun during an eclipse.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
the Moon in its monthly cycle.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
Mercury and Venus.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
Mars and Jupiter.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
Jupiter and Saturn.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
C
1
Full file at
Diff: 2
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.4
1
Full file at
19)
1
Full file at
It took two centuries for the Copernican model to replaced the Ptolemaic model because
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
in Copernicus' time, there were no telescopes.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
the Church wouldn't let anyone talk about Copernicus' model for 200 years.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
there was no scientific evidence to support either model until Galileo made his observations.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
the Ptolemaic model was simpler and more aesthetically pleasing.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
the Copernican model required complicated new terms to explain it correctly.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
C
1
Full file at
Diff: 3
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.4
1
Full file at
20)
1
Full file at
Galileo found the rotation period of the Sun was approximately
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
a day.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
a week.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
a month.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
three months.
1
Full file at
E)
1
Full file at
a year.
1
Full file at
Answer:
1
Full file at
C
1
Full file at
Diff: 3
1
Full file at
Page Ref: 2.4
1
Full file at
21)
1
Full file at
Kepler's first law worked, where Copernicus' original heliocentric model failed, because Kepler described the orbits as
1
Full file at
A)
1
Full file at
elliptical, not circular.
1
Full file at
B)
1
Full file at
much larger than Copernicus had envisioned.
1
Full file at
C)
1
Full file at
around the Sun, not the earth.
1
Full file at
D)
1
Full file at
being on equants instead of epicycles.