Associations Between Fruit and Vegetable Variety and Low-Grade Inflammation in Portuguese

Associations between Fruit and Vegetable Variety and Low-Grade Inflammation in Portuguese Adolescents from LabMed Physical Activity Study

Table 5: Association between vegetablequantity and inflammatory biomarkers categories
All sample / Girls / Boys
Vegetable quantity: OR (95% CI) / Vegetable quantity: OR (95% CI) / Vegetable quantity: OR (95% CI)
Continuous / Tertiles(1sttertile ≤ 63.99g: OR=1.00) / Continuous / Tertiles(1sttertile ≤ 63.99g: OR=1.00) / Continuous / Tertiles(1sttertile ≤ 63.99g: OR=1.00)
2ndtertile
64 to 156.57g / 3rdtertile
≥ 156.58g / Ptrend / 2ndtertile
64 to 156.57g / 3rdtertile
≥ 156.58g / Ptrend / 2ndtertile
64 to 156.57g / 3rdtertile
≥ 156.58g / Ptrend
CRP models a
Adjusted 1 / 1.000 (0.998-1.001) / 0.84 (0.53-1.35) / 0.95 (0.59-1.55) / 0.755 / 1.000 (0.998-1.002) / 1.09 (0.57-2.08) / 1.14 (0.59-2.20) / 0.926 / 0.999 (0.998-1.001) / 0.62 (0.31-1.24 / 0.76 (0.37-1.56) / 0.405
Adjusted 2b / 0.999 (0.997-1.001) / 0.61 (0.34-1.09) / 0.77 (0.41-1.43) / 0.251 / 0.999 (0.997-1.002) / 0.69 (0.30-1.57) / 0.97 (0.40-2.35) / 0.606 / 0.998 (0.995-1.001) / 0.38 (0.15-0.96)* / 0.38 (0.14-1.03) / 0.082
Adjusted 3b / 1.000 (0.998-1.002) / 1.05 (0.51-2.16) / 1.59 (0.68-3.71) / 0.376 / 1.000 (0.997-1.003) / 1.09 (0.40-2.99) / 1.82 (0.55-6.08) / 0.471 / 1.000 (0.996-1.003) / 0.61 (0.20-1.92) / 0.71 (0.18-2.74) / 0.692
IL-6 models a
Adjusted 1 / 0.999 (0.998-1.001) / 1.00 (0.62-1.61) / 0.62 (0.37-1.04) / 0.124 / 1.001 (0.999-1.003) / 1.51 (0.78-2.92) / 1.08 (0.54-2.14) / 0.429 / 0.997 (0.994-1.000) / 0.60 (0.30-1.20) / 0.31 (0.14-0.68)** / 0.014
Adjusted 2b / 1.000 (0.998-1.001) / 1.00 (0.57-1.77) / 0.65 (0.34-1.23) / 0.310 / 1.001 (0.999-1.004) / 1.48 (0.67-3.25) / 1.31 (0.54-3.15) / 0.621 / 0.995 (0.991-1.000)* / 0.63 (0.26-1.53) / 0.24 (0.08-0.71)* / 0.036
Adjusted 3b / 0.999 (0.997-1.002) / 0.88 (0.43-1.78) / 0.54 (0.23-1.28) / 0.262 / 1.001 (0.998-1.003) / 1.08 (0.41-2.83) / 0.86 (0.27-2.72) / 0.860 / 0.996 (0.992-1.001) / 0.75 (0.24-2.33) / 0.30 (0.07-1.25) / 0.176
C3 models a
Adjusted 1 / 1.000 (0.999-1.002) / 0.83 (0.52-1.33) / 1.10 (0.68-1.78) / 0.502 / 1.000 (0.998-1.002) / 0.80 (0.42-1.52) / 1.13 (0.59-2.18) / 0.590 / 1.000 (0.999-1.002) / 0.87 (0.44-1.72) / 1.07 (0.52-2.19) / 0.818
Adjusted 2b / 0.999 (0.997-1.001) / 0.46 (0.25-0.85)* / 0.62 (0.33-1.20) / 0.044 / 0.999 (0.996-1.001) / 0.36 (0.16-0.85)* / 0.54 (0.22-1.33) / 0.063 / 1.000 (0.997-1.003) / 0.52 (0.19-1,41) / 0.61 (0.21-1.77) / 0.423
Adjusted 3b / 0.999 (0.997-1.001) / 0.34 (0.16-0.72)** / 0.41 (0.17-1.01) / 0.021 / 0.998 (0.995-1.001) / 0.15 (0.05-0.46)*** / 0.17 (0.05-0.62)** / 0.004 / 1.002 (0.998-1.005) / 0.66 (0.19-2.24) / 0.84 (0.19-3.59) / 0.754
C4 models a
Adjusted 1 / 1.000 (0.998-1.001) / 1.09 (0.68-1.74) / 0.85 (0.52-1.38) / 0.580 / 0.999 (0.997-1.001) / 1.00 (0.53-1.90) / 0.69 (0.36-1.34) / 0.469 / 1.000 (0.998-1.002) / 1.23 (0.62-2.44) / 1.08 (0.53-2.22) / 0.831
Adjusted 2b / 0.999 (0.997-1.000) / 0.95 (0.55-1.65) / 0.73 (0.40-1.32) / 0.527 / 0.998 (0.996-1.001) / 0.63 (0.29-1.37) / 0.46 (0.20-1.08) / 0.197 / 0.999 (0.997-1.002) / 1.24 (0.53-2.93) / 1.07 (0.42-2.69) / 0.875
Adjusted 3b / 0.998 (0.996-1.000) / 0.85 (0.43-1.67) / 0.62 (0.28-1.39) / 0.454 / 0.999 (0.996-1.000) / 0.65 (0.25-1.67) / 0.47 (0.15-1.47) / 0.435 / 0.998 (0.994-1.001) / 0.80 (0.27-2.39) / 0.60 (0.17-2.15) / 0.712
Overall inflammatory biomarker score models a,c
Adjusted 1 / 0.999 (0.998-1.000) / 0.78 (0.48-1.25) / 0.68 (0.42-1.11) / 0.290 / 0.999 (0.998-1.001) / 0.82 (0.43-1.57) / 0.79 (0.41-1.52) / 0.743 / 0.999 (0.997-1.001) / 0.72 (0.36-1.44) / 0.57 (0.28-1.19) / 0.322
Adjusted 2b / 0.998 (0.996-1.000)* / 0.53 (0.29-0.95)* / 0.45 (0.23-0.85)* / 0.031 / 0.999 (0.996-1.001) / 0.50 (0.22-1.14) / 0.57 (0.24-1.37) / 0.230 / 0.997 (0.993-1.000)* / 0.40 (0.15-1.06) / 0.24 (0.08-0.72)* / 0.035
Adjusted 3b / 0.998 (0.996-1.000) / 0.48 (0.23-1.01) / 0.40 (0.17-0.95)* / 0.095 / 0.999 (0.996-1.001) / 0.40 (0.15-1.11) / 0.42 (0.13-1.39) / 0.206 / 0.997 (0.993-1.001) / 0.37 (0.11-1.26) / 0.22 (0.05-0.96)* / 0.131

Abbreviations: OR – odds ratio, CI – confidence interval, CRP – C-reactive protein, IL-6 – Interleukin-6, C3 – Complement component 3, C4 – Complement component 4.

* p<0.05; ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.

a Models adjustment were: (1) for sex in all sample and crude for girls and boys; (2) for sex (for all sample), age, pubertal stage (tanner A and B), body mass index, energy intake, socioeconomic status, sedentary time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and smoking habits; (3) for the same variables of model 2 plus vegetable variety.

b These models were performed with n=329 (55.9% girls) because there is some missing values in Sedentary time and Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity variables.

c Overall inflammatory biomarker score were designed summing the inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, C3 and C4) categories, wherein for each category was assigned one point if the biomarker was above the median adjusted by age and sex or zero if below the median.

Table 6: Association between fruitquantity and inflammatory biomarkers categories
All sample / Girls / Boys
Fruitquantity: OR (95% CI) / Fruitquantity: OR (95% CI) / Fruitquantity: OR (95% CI)
Continuous / Tertiles(1sttertile ≤ 128.3g: OR=1.00) / Continuous / Tertiles(1sttertile ≤ 128.3g: OR=1.00) / Continuous / Tertiles(1sttertile ≤ 128.3g: OR=1.00)
2ndtertile
128.3 to 290.1g / 3rdtertile
≥ 290.1g / Ptrend / 2ndtertile
128.3 to 290.1g / 3rdtertile
≥ 290.1g / Ptrend / 2ndtertile
128.3 to 290.1g / 3rdtertile
≥ 290.1g / Ptrend
CRP models a
Adjusted 1 / 0.67 (0.42-1.07) / 0.69 (0.42-1.15) / 0.195 / 1.000 (0.998-1.001) / 1.01 (0.53-1.93) / 1.09 (0.55-2.16) / 0.967 / 0.998 (0.997-1.000) / 0.43 (0.22-0.85)* / 0.41 (0.19-0.88)* / 0.024
Adjusted 2b / 1.00 (1.00-1.00)* / 0.59 (0.34-1.02) / 0.49 (0.25-1.00)* / 0.087 / 0.999 (0.996-1.001) / 0.72 (0.33-1.59) / 0.70 (0.27-1.81) / 0.678 / 0.997 (0.994-1.000)* / 0.42 (0.18-0.98*) / 0.33 (0.10-1.04) / 0.079
Adjusted 3b / 1.00 (1.00-1.00)* / 0.60 (0.34-1.08) / 0.51 (0.24-1.09) / 0.147 / 0.998 (0.996-1.001) / 0.61 (0.26-1.41) / 0.57 (0.21-1.58) / 0.456 / 0.998 (0.995-1.001) / 0.52 (0.21-1.28) / 0.52 (0.15-1.81) / 0.346
IL-6 models a
Adjusted 1 / 1.00 (1.00-1.00) / 0.84 (0.52-1.36) / 0.86 (0.51-1.45) / 0.755 / 0.998 (0.997-1.000) / 0.98 (0.51-1.87) / 0.63 (0.31-1.30) / 0.373 / 1.000 (0.999-1.002) / 0.72 (0.35-1.44) / 1.25 (0.58-2.71) / 0.314
Adjusted 2b / 1.00 (1.00-1.00)* / 0.79 (0.45-1.36) / 0.62 (0.31-1.24) / 0.386 / 0.997 (0.994-1.000)* / 1.13 (0.54-2.39) / 0.51 (0.20-1.32) / 0.177 / 0.999 (0.996-1.001) / 0.45 (0.19-1.09) / 0.87 (0.30-2.57) / 0.178
Adjusted 3b / 1.00 (1.00-1.00)** / 0.69 (0.39-1.23) / 0.51 (0.24-1.08) / 0.196 / 0.996 (0.993-0.999)** / 0.89 (0.40-1.97) / 0.38 (0.14-1.04) / 0.107 / 0.999 (0.996-1.002) / 0.45 (0.18-1.13) / 0.87 (0.26-2.87) / 0.184
C3 models a
Adjusted 1 / 1.00 (1.00-1.00) / 1.01 (0.64-1.59) / 1.44 (0.87-2.39) / 0.269 / 1.001 (0.999-1.003) / 1.03 (0.54-1.96) / 1.40 (0.71-2.79) / 0.562 / 1.000 (0.998-1.002) / 0.98 (0.51-1.90) / 1.49 (0.70-3.16) / 0.466
Adjusted 2b / 1.00 (1.00-1.00) / 0.82 (0.46-1.45) / 0.91 (0.45-1.87) / 0.782 / 1.000 (0.998-1.002) / 0.73 (0.33-1.59) / 0.77 (0.30-1.97) / 0.722 / 0.998 (0.995-1.001) / 0.87 (0.34-2.23) / 1.20 (0.36-4.02) / 0.840
Adjusted 3b / 1.00 (1.00-1.00) / 0.73 (0.40-1.33) / 0.77 (0.36-1.66) / 0.582 / 0.999 (0.997-1.001) / 0.51 (0.22-1.18) / 0.49 (0.18-1.37) / 0.249 / 0.998 (0.995-1.002) / 1.09 (0.40-3.03) / 1.75 (0.46-6.73) / 0.669
C4 models a
Adjusted 1 / 1.00 (1.00-1.00) / 0.81 (0.51-1.28) / 0.79 (0.47-1.30) / 0.571 / 1.000 (0.998-1.001) / 0.85 (0.45-1.62) / 0.63 (0.31-1.25) / 0.402 / 0.999 (0.998-1.001) / 0.77 (0.40-1.49) / 1.04 (0.49-2.20) / 0.627
Adjusted 2b / 1.00 (1.00-1.00) / 0.64 (0.38-1.10) / 0.53 (0.27-1.04) / 0.132 / 0.999 (0.997-1.001) / 0.70 (0.32-1.41) / 0.46 (0.19-1.15) / 0.247 / 0.997 (0.995-1.000)* / 0.54 (0.24-1.23) / 0.61 (0.21-1.78) / 0.333
Adjusted 3b / 1.00 (1.00-1.00)* / 0.53 (0.30-0.94)* / 0.40 (0.19-0.83)* / 0.030 / 0.998 (0.996-1.001) / 0.43 (0.19-0.98)* / 0.27 (0.10-0.74)* / 0.033 / 0.997 (0.995-1.000) / 0.58 (0.25-1.35) / 0.68 (0.21-2.19) / 0.446
Overall inflammatory biomarker score models c
Adjusted 1 / 1.00 (1.00-1.00) / 0.84 (0.53-1.33) / 0.94 (0.56-1.56) / 0.741 / 1.000 (0.998-1.001) / 1.10 (0.58-2.11) / 0.92 (0.46-1.83) / 0.858 / 0.999 (0.998-1.001) / 0.63 (0.33-1.22) / 0.98 (0.46-2.10) / 0.296
Adjusted 2b / 1.00 (1.00-1.00) / 0.65 (0.37-1.14) / 0.57 (0.28-1.17) / 0.220 / 0.999 (0.997-1.001) / 0.79 (0.36-1.70) / 0.49 (0.19-1.25) / 0.319 / 0.998 (0.995-1.000) / 0.47 (0.20-1.12) / 0.80 (0.25-2.59) / 0.201
Adjusted 3b / 0.998 (0.996-1.000)* / 0.59 (0.33-1.07) / 0.50 (0.23-1.07) / 0.136 / 0.998 (0.995-1.000) / 0.52 (0.22-1.21) / 0.29 (0.10-0.82)* / 0.064 / 0.999 (0.996-1.002) / 0.61 (0.24-1.54) / 1.36 (0.38-4.88) / 0.265

Abbreviations: OR – odds ratio, CI – confidence interval, CRP – C-reactive protein, IL-6 – Interleukin-6, C3 – Complement component 3, C4 – Complement component 4.

* p<0.05; ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.

b These models were performed with n=329 (55.9% girls) because there is some missing values in Sedentary time and Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity variables.