VOLUME ONE

A – D

Articles Page numbers

A

Aaron (Andrew Rippin) ...... 1-2

Abortion (Abdulaziz Sachedina) ...... 2-4

Abraha ( Jane Dammen McAuliffe) ...... 4-5

Abraham (Reuven Firestone) ...... 5-11

Abrogation ( John Burton) ...... 11-19

Abstinence (Sheila McDonough) ...... 19-20

Abu Bakr (Andrew Rippin) ...... 20

Abu Lahab (Andrew Rippin) ...... 20

Abyssinia (Reuven Firestone) ...... 20-21

'Ad (Roberto Tottoli) ...... 21-22

Adam and Eve (Cornelia Schِck) ...... 22-26

Adoration ( John Renard) ...... 26-28

Adultery and Fornication (Nadia Abu-Zahra) ...... 28-30

African Americans (Herbert Berg) ...... 30-32

African Literature ( John O. Hunwick) ...... 32-35

Afternoon (Alford T. Welch) ...... 35-36

Age of Ignorance (William E. Shepard) ...... 37-40

Agriculture and Vegetation (David Waines) ...... 40-50

A˙madiyya (Yohanan Friedmann) ...... 50-51

Air and Wind (Anthony H. Johns) ...... 51-55

'A"isha bint Abi Bakr (Denise A. Spellberg) ...... 55-60

Al-'Arim (R.G. Khoury) ...... 60-61

Alexander ( John Renard) ...... 61-62

'Ali b. Abi ˇalib (Ali S. Asani) ...... 62-63

Almsgiving (Azim Nanji) ...... 64-70

Ambiguous (Leah Kinberg) ...... 70-77

17 a r t i c l e l i s t – volume one

Amulets (Kathleen Malone O’Connor) ...... 77-79

Anatomy (Qamar-ul Huda) ...... 79-84

Angel (Gisela Webb) ...... 84-92

Anger (Shahzad Bashir) ...... 92-93

Animal Life (Herbert Eisenstein) ...... 93-102

Anointing (Andrew Rippin) ...... 102-103

Anthropomorphism (Richard C. Martin) ...... 103-107

Antichrist (Neal Robinson) ...... 107-111

Apocalypse (Frederik Leemhuis) ...... 111-114

Apologetics (David Thomas) ...... 115-119

Apostasy (Wael Hallaq) ...... 119-122

Apostle (A.H. Mathias Zahniser) ...... 123-124

Apparition (Leah Kinberg) ...... 124-125

Aqsa Mosque (N.J. Johnson) ...... 125-127

Arabic Language (Herbjّrn Jenssen) ...... 127-135

Arabic Script (Beatrice Gruendler) ...... 135-144

Arabs (Tarif Khalidi) ...... 144-145

'Arafat (R.G. Khoury) ...... 145-146

Ararat (William M. Brinner) ...... 146-147

Arbitration (Mohsen Zakeri) ...... 147-148

Archaeology and the Qur"an (Robert Schick) ...... 148-157

Ark (Gordon D. Newby) ...... 157-158

Arrogance (Nasr Abu Zayd) ...... 158-161

Art and Architecture and the Qur"an (Oleg Grabar) ...... 161-175

Artery and Vein (Earle H. Waugh) ...... 175-176

Ascension (Michael Sells) ...... 176-181

Asceticism ( Julian Baldick) ...... 181-184

Ashes (Mustansir Mir) ...... 184-185

Astray ( James A. Toronto) ...... 185-186

Atonement (Gerald R. Hawting) ...... 186-188

Authority (Wadad Kadi [al-Qa∂i]) ...... 188-190

Avarice (Fedwa Malti-Douglas)...... 191-192

Azar (Reuven Firestone) ...... 192-193

B

Baal (Gordon Darnell Newby) ...... 194

Babylon (R.G. Khoury) ...... 195-196

Badr ( John Nawas) ...... 196-197

Baha"is (Christopher George Buck) ...... 197-199

Baptism (Hugh Goddard) ...... 200-201

Barelwis (Usha Sanyal) ...... 201-203

Barrier (Mona M. Zaki) ...... 203-204

Barzakh (Mona M. Zaki) ...... 204-207

Basmala (William A. Graham) ...... 207-212

Beauty (Rosalind Ward Gwynne) ...... 212-214

Bedouin (Ute Pietruschka) ...... 214-218

Belief and Unbelief (Camilla Adang) ...... 218-226

Benjamin (A.H. Johns) ...... 226-228

Bible ( Jane Dammen McAuliffe) ...... 228

a r t i c l e l i s t – volume one 18

Bilqis ( Jacob Lassner) ...... 228-229

Biology as the Creation and Stages of Life (Abul Fadl Mohsin Ebrahim) ...... 229-232

Birth (Donna Lee Bowen) ...... 233-234

Birth Control (Donna Lee Bowen) ...... 234-235

Blasphemy (Devin J. Stewart) ...... 235-236

Blessing (Devin J. Stewart) ...... 236-237

Blood and Blood Clot (E.H. Waugh) ...... 237-238

Blood Money (Richard Kimber) ...... 239-240

Bloodshed (Sebastian Günther) ...... 240-241

Boast (Frederick Mathewson Denny) ...... 241-242

Book (Daniel Madigan) ...... 242-251

Booty (Rudolph Peters) ...... 251-252

Boundaries and Precepts (Richard Kimber) ...... 252-254

Bowing and Prostration (Roberto Tottoli) ...... 254-255

Bread (Mustansir Mir) ...... 255-256

Breaking Trusts and Contracts (Brannon M. Wheeler) ...... 256-258

Bridewealth (Harald Motzki) ...... 258-259

Brother and Brotherhood (Roy P. Mottahedeh) ...... 259-263

Burial ( Juan Eduardo Campo) ...... 263-265

Byzantines (Michael Bonner and Nadia Maria El-Cheikh) ...... 265-269

C

Cain and Abel (Heribert Busse) …………...... 270-272

Calendar (A. Dallal) ...... 272-273

Calf of Gold (Gerald R. Hawting) ...... 273-276

Caliph (Wadad Kadi) ...... 276-278

Calligraphy (Solange Ory) ...... 278-286

Camel (R.G. Khoury) ...... 286-287

Camphor (Hanne Schِnig) ...... 287-288

Captives ( Jonathan E. Brockopp) ...... 289-290

Caravan (Uri Rubin) ...... 290-291

Carrion (David Waines) ...... 291-292

Cave ( Juan Eduardo Campo) ...... 292-294

Chastisement and Punishment (Mo˙ammad Hossam Fadel) ...... 294-298

Chastity (Harald Motzki) ...... 298-300

Cheating (Sherman A. Jackson) ...... 300-301

Children (Avner Giladi) ...... 301-303

Children of Israel (Uri Rubin) ...... 303-307

Christians and Christianity (Sidney H. Griffith) ...... 307-316

Chronology and the Qur"an (Gerhard Bِwering) ...... 316-335

Church (Sidney H. Griffith) ...... 335-336

Circumcision (Frederick Mathewson Denny) ...... 336-338

City (Nasser Rabbat) ...... 338-339

Clay (Neal Robinson) ...... 339-341

Cleanliness and Ablution (Marion Holmes Katz) ...... 341-344

Clients and Clientage (Sebastian Günther) ...... 344-346

Clothing (Shawkat M. Toorawa) ...... 346-347

Codices of the Qur"an (Frederik Leemhuis) ...... 347-351

Collection of the Qur"an ( John Burton) ...... 351-361

19 a r t i c l e l i s t – volume one

Colors (Andrew Rippin) ...... 361-365

Commandments (Keith Lewinstein) ...... 365-367

Community and Society in the Qur"an (Frederick Mathewson Denny) ...... 367-386

Companions of the Prophet (Linda L. Kern) ...... 386-390

Computers and the Qur"an (Herbert Berg) ...... 391-395

Conceit (Th. Emil Homerin) ...... 395-396

Concubines ( Jonathan E. Brockopp) ...... 396-397

Conquest (Chase F. Robinson) ...... 397-401

Consecration of Animals (T. Fahd) ...... 401-405

Consolation (Shahzad Bashir) ...... 405-406

Consultation (A˙mad Mubarak al-Baghdadi [trans. Brannon M. Wheeler]) ...... 406-410

Contamination (A. Kevin Reinhart) ...... 410-412

Contemporary Critical Practices and the Qur"an (M. Arkoun) ...... 412-431

Contracts and Alliances (Wael B. Hallaq) ...... 431-435

Conversion (David Thomas) ...... 435-438

Coral (Herbert Eisenstein) ...... 438-439

Corruption (Frederick Mathewson Denny) ...... 439-440

Cosmology (Angelika Neuwirth) ...... 440-458

Courage (Alexander D. Knysh) ...... 458-462

Court (Khalid Yahya Blankinship) ...... 462-464

Covenant (Gerhard Bِwering) ...... 464-467

Createdness of the Qur"an (Richard C. Martin) ...... 467-472

Creation (Daniel Carl Peterson) ...... 472-480

Creeds (Sabine Schmidtke) ...... 480-486

Criterion (Daniel Madigan) ...... 486-487

Crucifixion (Neal Robinson) ...... 487-489

Cups and Vessels (Doris Behrens-Abouseif ) ...... 489-491

Curse (Devin J. Stewart) ...... 491-492

D

Darkness (Ahmet T. Karamustafa) ...... 493-494

Date Palm (David Waines) ...... 494-495

David (Isaac Hasson) ...... 495-497

Day and Night (A. Dallal) ...... 497-498

Day, Times of (Sebastian Günther) ...... 499-504

Days of God ( John A. Nawas) ...... 505

Death and the Dead ( Jacques Waardenburg) ...... 505-511

Debate and Disputation ( Jane Dammen McAuliffe) ...... 511-514

Debt (Sherman A. Jackson) ...... 514-515

Decision (Dmitry V. Frolov) ...... 515-517

Deferral (Gordon Darnell Newby) ...... 517-518

Deliverance ( John Renard) ...... 518-519

Deobandis (Barbara D. Metcalf ) ...... 519-521

Despair ( John Renard) ...... 521-522

Destiny (Sabine Schmidtke) ...... 522-524

Devil (Andrew Rippin) ...... 524-527

Dhu l-Kifl (Heribert Busse) ...... 527-529

Dialects (Rafael Talmon) ...... 529-531

Dialogues (Mustansir Mir) ...... 531-535

a r t i c l e l i s t – volume one 20

Difficult Passages (Eerik Dickinson) ...... 535-536

Disobedience (Maurice Borrmans) ...... 536-538

Dissension (Yohanan Friedmann) ...... 538-540

Dissimulation (Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi) ...... 540-542

Divination (T. Fahd) ...... 542-545

Dog (Bruce Fudge) ...... 545-546

Dreams and Sleep (Leah Kinberg) ...... 546-553

Drowning (Th. Emil Homerin) ...... 553-554

Druzes (Kais M. Firro) ...... 554-557

21 a r t i c l e l i s t – volume two

VOLUME TWO

E – I

Articles Page numbers

E

Ears (Frederick Mathewson Denny) ...... 1-2

Earth (Heidi Toelle) ...... 2-5

Economics (Abdullah Saeed) ...... 5-10

Egypt (Isaac Hasson) ...... 10-11

Election (William M. Brinner) ...... 11-12

Elijah (Roberto Tottoli) ...... 12-13

Elisha (Roberto Tottoli) ...... 14

Emigrants and Helpers (Muhammad al-Faruque) ...... 14-18

Emigration (Muhammad al-Faruque) ...... 18-23

Enemies (Reuven Firestone) ...... 23-24

Envy (Ruqayya Khan) ...... 24-25

Epigraphy (Robert Hoyland with contributions from Venetia Porter

[Coins; Seals and amulets]) ...... 25-43

Error (Ruqayya Khan) ...... 43-44

Eschatology ( Jane I. Smith) ...... 44-54

Eternity (Shahzad Bashir) ...... 54-55

Ethics and the Qur"an (A. Kevin Reinhart) ...... 55-79

Ethiopia (Reuven Firestone) ...... 79

Evening (Amila Buturovic) ...... 79-80

Everyday Life, Qur"an In (Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd) ...... 80-98

Evil Deeds (Brannon M. Wheeler) ...... 98-99

Exegesis of the Qur"an: Classical and Medieval (Claude Gilliot) ...... 99-124

Exegesis of the Qur"an: Early Modern and Contemporary (Rotraud Wielandt) ...... 124-142

Exhortations (Angelika Neuwirth) ...... 142-143

Expeditions and Battles (Rizwi Faizer) ...... 143-153

Eyes (Frederick Mathewson Denny) ...... 153-154

Ezekiel (Roberto Tottoli) ...... 154-155

Ezra (Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi') ...... 155-157

F

Face (Frederick Mathewson Denny) ...... 158-159

Face of God ( Jamal Elias) ...... 159-161

Failure (Timothy Winter) ...... 161-162

Faith ( Jane I. Smith) ...... 162-172

Fall of Man (Anthony Hearle Johns) ...... 172-173

Family (Avner Giladi) ...... 173-176

Family of the Prophet (Ali S.A. Asani) ...... 176-177

Famine (David Waines) ...... 177-178

Farewell Pilgrimage (Devin J. Stewart) ...... 178-180

Fasting (Kees Wagtendonk) ...... 180-185

Fate (Ahmet T. Karamustafa) ...... 185-188

a r t i c l e l i s t – volume two 22

Fati˙a (William A. Graham) ...... 188-192

Fa†ima ( Jane Dammen McAuliffe) ...... 192-194

Fear (Scott C. Alexander) ...... 194-198

Feet (Frederick Mathewson Denny) ...... 198-199

Feminism and the Qur"an (Margot Badran) ...... 199-203

Festivals and Commemorative Days (Valerie J. Hoffman) ...... 203-208

Fighting (Reuven Firestone) ...... 208-210

Fire (Heidi Toelle) ...... 210-214

Flogging (Mona Siddiqui) ...... 214-215

Flying (Earle H. Waugh) ...... 215-216

Food and Drink (David Waines) ...... 216-223

Forbidden (Wael B. Hallaq) ...... 223-226

Foreign Vocabulary (Andrew Rippin) ...... 226-237

Foretelling in the Qur"an (T. Fahd) ...... 237-242

Forgery (Gordon Darnell Newby) ...... 242-244

Forgiveness (Daniel C. Peterson) ...... 244-245

Form and Structure of the Qur"an (Angelika Neuwirth) ...... 245-266

Fosterage (Avner Giladi) ...... 266-267

Freedom and Predestination (Dmitry V. Frolov) ...... 267-271

Friday Prayer (Patrick D. Gaffney) ...... 271-272

Friends and Friendship (Louise Marlow) ...... 273-275

Furniture and Furnishings ( Juan Eduardo Campo) ...... 275-277

G

Gabriel (Gisela Webb) ...... 278-280

Gambling (Enes Karic) ...... 280-282

Garden (Asma Afsaruddin) ...... 282-287

Gender (Margot Badran) ...... 288-292

Generations (Gordon Darnell Newby) ...... 292-293

Geography (Angelika Neuwirth) ...... 293-313

Gift-Giving (Li Guo) ...... 313-314

Glorification of God (Mustansir Mir) ...... 314-315

Glory (Mustansir Mir) ...... 315-316

God and his Attributes (Gerhard Bِwering) ...... 316-331

Gog and Magog (Keith Lewinstein) ...... 331-333

Gold (Hannelore Schِnig) ...... 333-334

Goliath ( James E. Lindsay) ...... 334-335

Good and Evil (Brannon M. Wheeler) ...... 335-339

Good Deeds (Brannon M. Wheeler) ...... 339-340

Good News (Daniel C. Peterson) ...... 340-342

Gospel (Sidney H. Griffith) ...... 342-343

Gossip (Everett K. Rowson) ...... 343-344

Grace (Mustansir Mir) ...... 344-345

Grammar and the Qur"an (Rafael Talmon) ...... 345-369

Grasses (David Waines) ...... 369-370

Gratitude and Ingratitude (Lamin Sanneh) ...... 370-373

Guardianship (Avner Giladi) ...... 373-375

23 a r t i c l e l i s t – volume two

H

Oadith and the Qur"an (G.H.A. Juynboll) ...... 376-397

Oafsa (Uri Rubin) ...... 397-398

Haman (Anthony Hearle Johns) ...... 399-400

Oamza b. 'Abd al-Mu††alib (Frederik Leemhuis) ...... 400-401

Hand(s) (Frederick Mathewson Denny) ...... 401-402

Oanif (Uri Rubin) ...... 402-404

Harut and Marut (William M. Brinner) ...... 404-405

Hearing and Deafness (Geert Jan H. van Gelder) ...... 405-406

Heart ( Jane Dammen McAuliffe) ...... 406-410

Heaven and Sky (Maher Jarrar) ...... 410-412

Heavenly Book (Robert Wisnovsky) ...... 412-414

Hell and Hellfire (Rosalind W. Gwynne) ...... 414-420

Heresy (Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi) ...... 420-423

Hidden and the Hidden (Meir M. Bar-Asher) ...... 423-426

Hides and Fleece (Herbert Eisenstein) ...... 426-427

Oijr (Timothy P. Harrison) ...... 427-428

History and the Qur"an (Franz Rosenthal) ...... 428-442

Holy Spirit (Sidney H. Griffith) ...... 442-444

Homosexuality (Everett K. Rowson) ...... 444-445

Honey (David Waines) ...... 445-447

Honor (Timothy Winter) ...... 447-448

Hope (Sheila McDonough) ...... 448-449

Hospitality and Courtesy (Valerie J. Hoffman) ...... 449-454

Hostages ( Johannes J.G. Jansen) ...... 454-455

Hot and Cold (Anthony Hearle Johns) ...... 455-456

Houris (Maher Jarrar) ...... 456-458

House, Domestic and Divine ( Juan Eduardo Campo) ...... 458-462

Hud (Paul M. Cobb) ...... 462-464

Oudaybiya (Andrew Rippin) ...... 464

Humor (Ulrich Marzolph) ...... 464-465

Ounayn (Ingrid Mattson) ...... 465-466

Hunting and Fishing (Herbert Eisenstein) ...... 466-468

Hypocrites and Hypocrisy (Camilla P. Adang) ...... 468-472

I

Iblis (Andrew Rippin) ...... 473

Iconoclasm (Daniel J. Sahas) ...... 473-475

Idolatry and Idolaters (Gerald R. Hawting) ...... 475-480

Idols and Images (Gerald R. Hawting) ...... 481-484

Idris (Yoram Erder) ...... 484-486

'Ifrit (Thomas Bauer) ...... 486-487

Ignorance (William E. Shepard) ...... 487-489

Ilaf (Uri Rubin) ...... 489-491

Illegitimacy (Irene Schneider) ...... 491-492

Illiteracy (Sebastian Günther) ...... 492-500

'Illiyyun (Frederik Leemhuis) ...... 500-501

Illness and Health (Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd) ...... 501-502

a r t i c l e l i s t – volume two 24

Imam (Imtiyaz Yusuf ) ...... 502-504

Immunity (Nadia Maria El-Cheikh) ...... 504-505

Impeccability (Paul E. Walker) ...... 505-507

Impotence (Rosalind W. Gwynne) ...... 507-508

'Imran (Roberto Tottoli) ...... 509

Indifference (A.H. Mathias Zahniser) ...... 509-510

Infanticide (Donna Lee Bowen) ...... 511-512

Informants (Claude Gilliot) ...... 512-518

Inheritance (David Stephan Powers) ...... 518-526

Inimitability (Richard G. Martin) ...... 526-536

Innovation (Wael B. Hallaq) ...... 536-537

Inquisition ( John A. Nawas) ...... 537-539

Insanity (Thomas Bauer) ...... 539-541

Insolence and Obstinacy (Leah Kinberg) ...... 541-543

Instruments (Doris Behrens-Abouseif ) ...... 543-547

Intellect (Navid Kermani) ...... 547-549

Intention (Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd) ...... 549-551

Intercession (Valerie J. Hoffman) ...... 551-555

Intoxicants (Enes Karic) ...... 555-557

Invitation (A.H. Mathias Zahniser) ...... 557-558

Iram (Paul M. Cobb) ...... 559

Iraq (Nadia Maria El-Cheikh) ...... 559-561

Isaac (Reuven Firestone) ...... 561-562