The 2011Pobal HP Deprivation Index

Area Profile for South County Dublin

Feline Engling

Trutz Haase

February 2013

Table of Contents

1Administrative Arrangements

2Absolute and Relative Deprivation

3Population

4Demographic Characteristics

5Education

6Social Class Composition

7Unemployment

8Housing

9How is the 2011 Pobal HP Deprivation Index constructed?

10Interpretation of the 2011 Pobal HP Deprivation Index

11Reading the Tables, Graphs and Maps

12Substantive Findings

13Publications

Key Profile for South County Dublin

This CountyProfile draws out someobservations from a vast amount of available data. It is kept deliberately short, such as to draw attention to the most important findings only. The Pobal HP Deprivation Index scores presented in this report are based on the analysis carried out at the level of Small Areas (SA), the new census geography developed jointly by the Ordnance Survey of Ireland (OSI) and the Central Statistics Office (CSO).

Please note that the new HP Deprivation Index replaces all previously published data, as all data are computed in a consistent manner for the 2006 and 2011 census waves. Also note that the HP Index scores that are constructed from the SA-level analysis cannot be compared with those derived from an ED-level analysis as presented in the previous Area Profiles.

1Administrative Arrangements

There are two Partnership companies operating within South County Dublin, the CPLN Area Partnership and the Dodder Valley Partnershipwhich, together, cover the whole county.The County Childcare Committee area also covers the entire county.

There are four Family Resource Centres (FRCs) operating in South County Dublin:

  • Ballyboden FRC is located in the ED of Edmondstown (3011) and services the immediate surrounding area. Its catchment area comprises one ED only.
  • Quarryvale Resource Centre is situated in the ED of Palmerston West (3020), near the Liffey Valley Shopping centre and services the Ronanstown and Palmerstown areas. The catchment area counts four EDs.
  • Killinardan FRC is located in the ED of Tallaght-Killinardan (3033) and services the South-Western part of Tallaght, comprising the Killinardan, Jobstown and Springfield areas. Five EDs belong to this catchment area.
  • St. Kevin’s FRC is located in the ED of Tallaght-Kilnamanagh (3034) and services the North-Eastern part of Tallaght, comprising Kilnamanagh and Tymon North. The catchment are includes three EDs.

2Absolute and Relative Deprivation

  • Overall, the Dublin Region is the most affluent region of Ireland, and South County Dublinis the most affluentlocal authority area within the region. Like any other part of the country, South County Dublinhas massively been affected by the economic downturn after 2007, reflected in the drop in the absolute deprivation score from -0.4 in 2006 to -7.1 in 2011. This represents a drop of 6.7, compared to a nationwide drop of 6.5. This also implies that the relative position of South County Dublin has remained stable between 2006 and 2011, occupying the place as the eleventh most affluentlocal authority area in Ireland.
  • As is the case in any of the major urban areas, there are considerable differences in the relative affluence and deprivation between various parts of the county. Of the 49 EDs in South County Dublin, 17 are marginally above average and 17 are marginally below average. However, the county also includes six affluent EDs and nine disadvantaged EDs. The most affluent part is the Rathfarnham, Firhouse and Templeogue area in the East of the county. The most disadvantaged parts are the original partnership areas of Clondalkin and Tallaght.
  • At a local level, the most disadvantaged EDs are Tallaght-Killinardan (-19.1), Tallaght-Avonbeg (-17.3), Clondalkin-Rowlagh (-17.2), Clondalkin-Cappaghmore (-15.2), Tallaght-Fettercairn (-14.0), Terenure-St. James (-13.3), Clondalkin-Moorfield (-11.2), Tallaght-Tymon (-10.8) and Tallaght-Millbrook(-10.7). All of these EDs fall into the ‘disadvantaged’ category.
  • The most affluent EDs in the South County Dublin area Rathfarnham-Hermitage (15.1), Rathfarnham Village (14.4), Templeogue-Kimmage Manor (14.3), Firhouse-Ballycullen (12.5), Templeogue Village (12.3) and Ballyboden (11.3), all of which classify as ‘affluent’ areas.
  • The Ballyboden FRC catchment area has an overall (relative) index score of 3.6, which is slightly above the national average of 0.2.
  • The Quarryvale Resource Centre catchment area has an index score of –9.1, classifying the area at the border between being a marginally disadvantaged and disadvantaged area.
  • The Killinardan FRC catchment area has an index score of –7.0, which is well below the national average. Tallaght-Killinardan (-19.1) is significantly more disadvantaged than the overall catchment area.
  • Similarly, the St. Kevin’s FRC catchment area has an index score of –5.8, which is also well below the nationally prevailing score.

3Population

  • Ireland has experienced a population growth of 30.1% over the past 20 years and the Dublin Region has grown at theslightly lower rate of 24.2%. South County Dublin has grown at a broadly similar rate (27.1%) during the 20-years-period. Even since the economic decline, Ireland’s population has continued to grow by 8.2% between 2006 and 2011.South County Dublin’s population has grown by 7.4%, i.e. almost the nationally experienced population growth over the past five years.
  • The fastest growing EDs within South County Dublin are Saggart (64.8%), Lucan-St. Helens (45.0%), and Newcastle (42.8).
  • The Ballyboden FRC catchment area comprises 1,900 households, which is a comparatively narrowly defined catchment area.
  • The catchment area of Quarryvale Resource Centre counts 6,900 households.
  • The Killinardan FRC catchment area comprises more than 14,000 households, making it the largest of all FRC catchment areas throughout Ireland.
  • The St. Kevin’s FRC catchment area accounts for about 4,700 households.

4Demographic Characteristics

  • While there has been a continuous decline in the age dependency rate (the proportion of population under 15 years of age or over 64 as part of the total population) throughout Ireland in the period between 1991 and 2006, from 38.1% (1991) to 31.4% (2006), the ratio has again increased to 33.0% in 2011. An even greater decline applied to South County Dublinin the period between 1991 and 2006 (36.8% to 28.9%).However, the county also saw a significant increase of nearly three percentage points between 2006 and 2011, leaving the age dependency rate in 2011 at 31.8%, marginally lower than the national average.
  • At ED level there exist some significant differences in the demographic profiles, with age dependency rates exceeding 40 per cent in six EDs, Terenure-St. James (50.8%), followed by Rathfarnham-Ballyroan (43.8%), Terenure-Greentrees (42.7%), Tallaght-Avonbeg (41.2%), Rathfarnham-Butterfield (41.0%) and Clondalkin-Cappaghmore (40.4%). This contrasts with age dependency rates of about half those rates in Tallaght-Kingswood (22.8%), Tallaght-Kilnamanagh (22.9%), Clondalkin-Ballymount (24.5%) and Templeogue-Osprey (24.6%).
  • The proportion of lone parents (as a proportion of all households with dependent children) in Ireland has exactly doubled over the past 20 years, growing from 10.7% in 1991 to 21.6% nationally in 2011. There are marked differences between urban and rural areas, and lone parent rates in the major cities are again up to twice the national average (e.g. Limerick City 37.5%). South County Dublinhad a rate of 27.6% in 2011; i.e. more than one-quarter of families with dependent children are headed by a single parent in this county.This is the fifth highest proportion for any county in Ireland and the same as in Galway City.
  • There are vast differences with regard to individual areas within the county and single parent families tend to be concentrated in those EDs which also have significant levels of local authority housing within them. Lone parent rates exceed 50 per cent in three EDs, Clondalkin-Cappaghmore (63.6%), Tallaght-Killinardan (56.5%) and Clondalkin-Rowlagh (55.6%). In contrast, there are four EDswhere the rate is under 10 per cent, Rathfarnham-Hermitage (9.1%), Firhouse-Knocklyon (9.5%), Rathfarnham Village (9.7%) and Templeogue-Kimmage Manor (9.8%).
  • The Ballyboden FRC catchment area has experienced a very moderate population growth of 1.0% only over the past five years, compared to the nationally experienced growth of 8.2% throughout that period. The age dependency ratio of 31.2% is marginally below the national average (33.0%). The proportion of lone parent households accounts for 23.6%, which is marginally above the national average (21.6%).
  • Quarryvale Resource Centre is situated in an area, which has experienced a slight population decline of 0.6% over the last five years. The age dependency ratio at 29.8% is marginally below the national average, while the proportion of lone parent households at 43.6% is more than twice the national average.
  • Killinardan FRC is situated in a rapidly expanding area that has grown by 16.5%, double the nationally experienced growth, during the five-years-period. The age dependency ratio (31.6%) is marginally below the national ratio and the proportion of lone parents (38.9%) is almost twice the national average.
  • St. Kevin’s FRC is located in an area, which has experienced a population decline of 5.2 over the past five years. The age dependency ratio (25.7%) is well below the national average. The share of lone parent households (32.6%) is significantly above the national average.

5Education

  • There has been a continuous improvement in the level of education amongst the adult population over the past 20 years throughout Ireland. In 1991, 36.7% of the adult population had primary education only. This dropped to half that level (18.9%) in 2006 and even further to 16.0% in 2011. Between 2006 and 2011 the adult population with primary education only decreased by 2.9 percentage points. The rate for South County Dublinhas fallen from 33.7% in 1991, to 16.5% in 2006and 14.9% in 2011.
  • Despite the considerable improvement at county level, there are significant differences with regard to the prevalence of low education between the different areas. There are considerable parts of the adult population having primary education only in Tallaght-Avonbeg (39.0%), Terenure-St. James (37.0%), Clondalkin-Rowlagh (35.5%) and Tallaght-Killinardan (33.2%), all of which have rates more than twice the national average (16.0%). This contrasts withRathfarnham-Hermitage (3.9%) and Firhouse-Ballycullen (4.8%) where less than five per cent fall into this category.
  • The reverse applies with regard to third-level education, which has more than doubled over the past 20 years. In 1991, 13.0% of the national adult population had completed third-level education. This grew to 30.5% in 2006, but increased by only another 0.1 percentage point to 30.6% in 2011. The proportion of South County Dublin’s population with third-level education has grown from 12.6% in 1991, to 30.8% in 2006, but decreased by 1.3 percentage points to reach 29.5% in 2011. This 20-year growth is marginally below that which has occurred nationally (16.9 percentage points compared to 17.6 percentage points nationally).
  • At ED level, and again mirroring the situation with regard to the higher incidences of low levels of education, there are particularly low shares of population with third-level education in Tallaght-Killinardan (5.3%), Clondalkin-Rowlagh (5.6%) and Tallaght-Avonbeg (8.2%), all of which are below the 10 per cent level.
  • Regarding the FRCs, the Ballyboden FRC catchment area is characterised by a proportion of adults with primary education only (13.6%) marginally below the national average (16.0%), whilst the share of adults with third-level education (33.7%) is marginally above the national average (30.6%).
  • The proportion of adults with primary education only in the Quarryvale Resource Centrearea accounts for 25.9%, nearly ten percentage points above the national rate. Conversely, third-level education accounts for 15.0% only, just half the national average.
  • In the Killinardan FRC catchment area the proportion of adults with primary education only accounts for 18.5%, just marginally above the national average. However, the proportion of adults with third-level education accounts for only 19.8%, which is significantly lower than the nationally prevailing rate.
  • Similarly, in the St. Kevin’s FRC catchment area, the proportion of adults with primary education only accounts for 20.3%, which is slightly above the national average. The proportion of adults with third-level education accounts for 16.4%, which is significantly below the national average.

6Social Class Composition

  • The changes in social class composition experienced throughout Ireland over the past 20 years largely parallel those in educational achievement, with a gradual increase in the number of professionals and an even greater decline in the proportion of semi- and unskilled manual workers. At the national level, the proportion of professionals in all classes rose from 25.2% in 1991 to 34.6% in 2011, whilst the proportion of the semi- and unskilled classes declined from 28.2% to 17.5% over the same period.
  • In South County Dublin, the proportion in the professional classes (34.0%) and the proportion in the lower skilled professions (15.6%) mark a class composition just marginally below the national average. Differences in the social class composition within the county reflect those of educational attainment, with Rathfarnham-Hermitage having the highest composition (65.1% professionals, 4.2% semi- and unskilled manual classes) and Tallaght-Killinardanhaving the lowest (10.0% professionals, 33.9% manual classes).
  • In terms of its social class composition, the Ballyboden FRC catchment is characterised by a social class composition well above the national average, with professionals accounting for 42.9% (compared to 34.6% nationally) and low-skilled workers accounting for 14.0%, compared to 17.5% nationally.
  • The Quarryvale Resource Centrecatchment area has a significantly lower-than-national-average share of professionals (20.2%) and a slightly higher-than-average share of low-skilled workers at 23.3%.
  • Similarly, the Killinardan FRC catchment area has a below average share of professionals (20.8%) and a higher-than-average share of low-skilled workers (23.7%).
  • In the St. Kevin’s FRC catchment area the share of professionals at 23.8% is significantly below the national average, while the proportion of low-skilled workers at 17.4% is practically identical to the national share.

7Unemployment

  • Of all the census indicators used in the development of the HP Deprivation Index, the economic downturn after 2007 has most strongly affected the unemployment rates.Unemployment rates have broadly halved over the 15-year period from 1991 to 2006 and subsequently risen by 2011 to levels surpassing the 1991 levels. The following paragraphs therefore pay particular attention to the change in trends that relate to the 1991 to 2006 period and the five-year period of 2006 to 2011 thereafter.
  • Nationally, the male unemployment rate fell from 18.4% in 1991 to 8.8% in 2006 and then rose to 22.3% in 2011. The female unemployment rate fell from 14.1% in 1991 to 8.1% in 2006. In 2011 it had again nearly doubled, accounting for 15.0%.
  • Female unemployment rates have tended to be slightly below male unemployment rates, but did not fall at the same pace during the time of the economic boom due to the increasing female labour force participation (i.e. reflecting the trend of increased female participation in the labour force with more women registering their unemployed status). The increase in the unemployment rates since the 2006 Census has been much more pronounced with regard to male unemployment, which rose by a factor of 2.5 compared to a nearlytwo-foldincrease for female unemployment.
  • During the growth period, unemployment rates for South County Dublinhave fallen at broadly in line with the nationally prevailing ones between 1991 and 2006. Male unemployment fell from 18.3% in 1991 to 9.1% in 2006, a drop of 9.2 percentage points (compared to 9.6 percentage points nationally). Female unemployment declined from 14.4% to 8.8%, a drop of 5.6 percentage points (compared to6.0 percentage points nationally).
  • Over the past five years, male unemployment in South County Dublinexperienced a two-and-a-half fold increase, reaching 22.9% in 2011. This development closely resembles the nationally experienced increase. Correspondingly, the female unemployment ratealmost doubled, reaching 15.9% in 2011.
  • Unemployment rates in individual EDs reach levels well above those prevailing county wide and are highest in Tallaght-Killinardan (50.7% male, 33.6% female), followed by Clondalkin-Cappaghmore (43.5% male, 32.7% female), Tallaght-Fettercairn (44.2% male, 30.9% female) and Clondalkin-Rowlagh (45.3% male, 29.4% female).
  • In 2011, the Ballyboden FRC catchment area had unemployment ratesof 21.4% for males, and 13.1% for females,marginally below the national averages (22.3% male, 15.0% female).
  • In contrast, the Quarryvale Resource Centre catchment area experienced male unemployment levels (32.7%) significantly higher than the nationally prevailing rates and female unemployment rates (21.9%) slightly above the national average.
  • Similarly, the Killinardan FRC catchment area had a male unemployment rate (32.2%) almost ten percentage points above the national average and a female unemployment rate (22.1%) slightly above than the national average.
  • Unemployment rates in the St. Kevin’s FRC catchment area marginally higher than the national average rates (26.1% male, 17.0% female).

8
Housing

  • There has been a 1.9 percentage point decrease in the proportion of local authority housing in Ireland over the past 20 years, from 9.8% in 1991 to 7.9% in 2011. The proportion in the Dublin Region has declined by 4.8 percentage points, albeit from a higher starting point, from 14.1% to 9.3%.South County Dublinhad the second highest proportion in local authority housing in the Dublin Region in 1991 and experienced an even greater decline of 5.7 percentage point over the 20 year period, resulting in a rate of 10.4% in 2011.
  • At ED level, the highest concentrations of local authority housing are found in Clondalkin-Cappaghmore (64.8%), Tallaght-Killinardan (51.5%) and Tallaght-Fettercairn (50.4%).
  • The Ballyboden FRC catchment area has a significant share in rented local authority housing (19.1%), which is more than twice the nationally prevailing rate (7.9%).
  • Similarly, the Quarryvale Resource Centre catchment area has a share of 20.4% local authority housing, which is two-and-a-half fold the national average.
  • In the Killinardan FRC catchment area local authority rented housing accounts for 21.0%, the highest rate amongst the FRC catchment areas in South County Dublin. Privately rented housing accounts for 25.3% in the area, which is slightly above the national average (19.7%).
  • St. Kevin’s FRC catchment area is an area with a strong own-house base, with 77.9% of housing falling into this category. Correspondingly, local authority rented housing accounts for 10.4%, a comparatively lower share, albeit still marginally above the national rate.

Key Features of the Pobal HP Deprivation Index

This section provides a brief summary of the 2011 Pobal Haase-Pratschke Deprivation Index for Small Areas (HP Deprivation Index hereafter), drawing on recent data from the 2011 Census of Population. Building on the innovative and powerful approach to the construction of deprivation indices developed in our previous research (Haase and Pratschke, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011), the 2011 Pobal HP Deprivation Index provides an up-to-date analysis of the changes in deprivation that have occurred in each local area over the past five years[1].