APUSH - The Transformation of the Mississippi West

This will require you to do some additional research from outside your AP textbook.

1. Describe the caste system that developed in the American Southwest under Spanish and Mexican rule. What role did the Pueblo Indians and other tribes play in this system?

2. List some of the characteristics of the culture of the Plains tribes, with particular emphasis on gender roles and the importance of the American bison, or buffalo.

3. What factors led to the decline of Mexican-American economic and social dominance in California and Texas? What was the socio-economic status of most Mexican Americans by the end of the 19th Century?

4. Up to 1869, in what two fields did the greatest number of Chinese immigrants work? How did employment tendencies, residence patterns, and social relationships change in the Chinese community later in the 19th Century?

5. Why was Anglo-European hostility toward the Chinese so high in California? What actions resulted from this hostility? How did the Chinese Americans respond?

6. What was the composition of the western labor force? How was it shaped by racial prejudice and gender imbalance?

7. What was the typical pattern of development and decline in the western mining industry?

8. What were the responses made by the Plains settlers to the living conditions and challenges they encountered?

9. Describe the origins, purposes, and practices of the "long drive" and "open range" periods of the cattle industry.

10. What unique challenges did women settlers face in the West?

11. Why did women tend to gain the right to vote in the western states and territories before they did in the East?

12. What were the characteristics and functions of the Western cow town that emerged in the late 19th Century?

13. How did the transformation of the open-range ranch change the nature of the cattleindustry on the Western frontier?

14. How accurate was Frederick Jackson Turner's thesis about the American frontier?

15. Describe the evolution of traditional national Indian policy up to the 1880s. What did these policies accomplish? How were the policies and their implementation flawed?

16. What happened to the great buffalo herds in the last half of the 19th Century? What role did the railroad play? How did this affect Native American life?

17. Identify some of the major encounters/battles between Native Americans and white settlers/US Army at the end of the 19th Century?

18. What was the basic objective of the Dawes Severalty Act? How did it try to accomplish this goal?

19. What was the "Ghost Dance?" Why was it so threatening to the white community nearby?

20. Why has Wounded Knee, SD become a symbol in the struggle for Native American civil rights?

21. Why can it be said that the western railroads were essentially public projects, despite their private ownership?

22. How did the railroads stimulate settlement of the Great Plains?

23. How did Western farmers use invention, technology, and innovation to meet the challenges of Western settlement? (Include specific examples of inventions/technology.)

24. How were market forces changing the nature of American agriculture at the end of the 19th Century?

25. What were the main grievances of the late-19th Century farmer?

Key Terms/Phrases – for your own reference, NOT for you to define:

Comstock Lode

Sooners

Buffalo Soldiers

Helen Hunt Jackson

Great Plains

Great Basin

Chivington's Sand Creek Massacre

George Armstrong Custer

Crazy Horse

Sitting Bull

Little Big Horn

Nez Perce

Chief Joseph

Chiracahua

Geronimo

General Oliver Otis Howard

General George Crook

William Sherman

Helen Hunt Jackson's Century of Dishonor

Dawes Severalty Act of 1887

Ghost Dance

Sun Dance

"Battle" of Wounded Knee

Union Pacific

golden spike

Promontory Point

Central Pacific

William F. Cody

claim-jumping

Vigilantes

Comstock Lode

Long Drive

Railhead

Joseph McCoy

Chisolm Trail

Longhorns

Goodnight-Loving Trail

William Bonney

Range Wars

Abilene Trail

Pre-emption

Homestead Act of 1862

Joseph F. Glidden

Sooners and Boomers

nesters

100th Meridian

John Deere

buffalo chips

Frederick Jackson Turner

"safety-valve" theory

APUSH Study Guide - Industrialization

This will require you to do some additional research from outside your AP textbook.

1. Evaluate the causes of the transformation of the American economy from the Civil War to the turn of the century.

2. How were most transcontinental railroads financed and built? How did the original owners try to turn a profit?

3. What business practices by the railroads caused demands for government regulation? How were those demands met?

4. Critics accused the railroads and other large businesses of being "monopolistic" in the decades after the Civil War. To what extent were these accusations valid and how did the federal and state governments respond to these accusations?

5. Were the capitalists of the late 19th century and early 20th century "Robber Barons" or "Industrial Statesmen"? Explain.

7. Explain the differences between, and give examples of, "vertical integration" and "horizontal integration".

8. Why is Andrew Carnegie seen by many as a paradigm of industrialization? Was he really? Explain. How about John D. Rockefeller? How might he be a better paradigm?

9. Why was “socialism” such an apparent failure in the good old capitalism society?

10. What is the difference between "industrial capitalism" and "finance capitalism"? Which one won by 1900?

11. What types of business organizations evolved during the Gilded Era? Why were they needed?

12. How was the disparity between rich and poor justified? In other words, what became the ideology of American capitalism by the end of the 19th century?

13. What roles did the federal government play in industrialization by 1900? To what extent did the federal government follow a laissez-faire policy? (Some years ago, this was a DBQ).

14. Mark Twain labeled this era “The Gilded Age”. What did he mean by this moniker?

Key Terms/Phrases – for your own reference, NOT for you to define:

Jay Gould

Jim Fiske

Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt

William H. Vanderbilt

James B. Duke

R.J. Reynolds

Mesabi Range

William Kelley

Bessemer Process

Thomas Edison

George Westinghouse

Alexander Graham Bell

Gustavus Swift

J. Ogden Armour

R.H. Macy

Richard W. Sears

John Pierpoint Morgan

"watered stock"

Kickbacks (rebates)

Drawbacks

Pools

Trusts

Holding companies

Standard Oil

U.S. Steal, er, Steel

Social Darwinism

William Graham Sumner

Frederick Winslow Taylor

"scientific management"

Horatio Alger

Granger Laws

Munn v. Illinois

Santa Clara Co. v. Southern Pacific Railroad

Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad

Company v. Illinois

United States v. E C Knight

Danbury Hatters Case

Lochner v. New York

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

Sherman Anti- Trust Act (1890)

Homestead Strike

Henry Clay Frick

"The Pinks"

Alexander Berkman

"Red Emma" Goldman

National Consumers League

Scabs

Lockouts

Blacklists

Yellow-dog contracts

Molly Maguires

James McParlan

Great Railroad Strikes of 1877

"One Big Union" (OBU)

National Labor Union

William Sylvis

Haymarket Riot

Albert R. Parsons

August Spies

Johann Most

John Peter Altgeld

Knights of Labor

Terrence V. Powderly

Pullman Strike

American Railway Union

Eugene V. Debs

Daniel De Leon

American Federation of Labor

P.J. McGuire

Adolph Strasser

Samuel Gompers

"pure & simple unionism"

Edward Bellomy's Looking Backward

Henry George's Progress and Poverty