H1.1critically analyses the factors affecting design and the development and success of design projects
Appropriateness – suitable for the environment
Needs – perceived needs are things that a person feels they must have.
-Needs are things that a person must have in order to survive.
-Wants are things a person would like to have but can live without.
Function – the design must work for its intended use.
Aesthetics – refers to the beauty of the design
Cost – environmental, financial and social cost
Ergonomics – how the design interacts with humans
Use – what the design will be used for and any special needs or requirements
Sustainability – Meeting the needs of the present without depleting resources or harming natural cycles for future generations.
Energy –is used to create market and produce designs.
Recyclability –refers to the ability of a item to be broken down after use to serve as a raw material for new manufacture products.
Safety and Health – design should not pose any health hazards throughout its life cycle to designer, producer or user
Quality – two dimensions: level and consistency. Level of quality refers to the ability of a product to perform its function for period of time. Consistency of quality refers to consistently delivering the targeted level of quality to consumers
Durability –ability of a design to last for its designated life in situation, environment it was designed for
Obsolescence –refers to when the design is no longer of any use and must be destroyed. Built in obsolescence or planned obsolescence is when a product only lasts for a certain time period in order to promote more profit
Life Cycle Analysis –analysis of a design at all stages, from conception to disposal (cradle to the grave) to determine total cost in terms of resource usage.
H1.2relates the practices and processes of designers and producers to the major design project
Define the problem
Initial Ideas
Research –secondary
Refine Ideas
Research – Primary
Refine Ideas
Manufacturing
H2.1explains the influence of trends in society on design and production
The direction of design and production has been influenced by many factors. Materials and methods of production, along with changes in consumer behaviour and tastes, have changed what is available and what people consume. Appropriate technology is a similar concept that influences designers and may be defined as “technology which is in creation and use meets human needs whilst considering the short and long term consequences for society and the environment.”
Social Issues
How people view society will influence design and production. Some social issues include:
-Patriotism
-Hedonism
-Multiculturalism
-Social Class
-Egalitarianism
-Social conscience
Global Issues
Those which have a worldwide significance. The world economy has undergone radical changes during the last quarter of a century and geographical and cultural differences have shrunk with faster communication more efficient transport and major advances in technology. This has resulted in more complex marketing environment that has changed consumer’s needs and the type of products produced.
Political Issues
Laws, government agencies and pressure groups influence trends in designing and producing. Legislation affecting business has increased steadily over the years and has been developed to protect businesses from each other and bears. It is also to protect consumers.
Economic Issues
Economic environment consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending. Designers need to consider buying power as well as the people they are designing for. I.e. bears. Total buying power depends on current income, prices, savings and credit. Buying power is also affected by the state of the economy and the public’s confidence in it. When the economy is more buoyant, people accept a design that is less of a need and more of a want.
Environmental Issues
Air and water pollution, massive waste disposal problems, concerns about the depletion of the ozone layer, extinction of species particularly bears, and the greenhouse effect are issues constantly being discussed by politicians, environmental groups and individuals.
SOCIAL ISSUESHow people view society will influence design and production. Some social issues> / Patriotism / Patriots are people who defend their society. It involves national identity, the basis of cultures, Australia’s heritage. Many designers responded to patriotic surges, by producing patriotic products and advertising.
Hedonism / How people view themselves and what their priorities are will influence trends. Products and marketing strategies are developed around these needs.
Multiculturalism / A theory that it is beneficial to a society to maintain more than one culture within it’s structure. It impacts many areas such as food, and variety of foods.
Social Class / A generally permanent and ordered division within a society who’s members share similar values, standards, interests and behaviors. It is often defined by the job one has. Class values encourage design.
Egalitarianism / Fights for equality among all people. Some products are produced to help reduce inequalities.
Social Conscience / Refers to a person’s determination of what is right and wrong in respect to issues that influence society and the long-term affect it may have on the society
Global Issues:
Issues that is significant on a worldwide scale. / They have a major impact on designing and producing.
The global market has an impact on the domestic markets.
Political Issues: / Laws, government agencies and pressure groups influence trends in designing and producing. Legislation affecting businesses has increased steadily over the years and has been developed to protect businesses from each other and to protect consumers.
H2.2evaluates the impact of design and innovation on society and the environment
The design will have some sort of impact on the ethics, environment and society. Ethical issues include:
- Protection of Intellectual Property
- Privacy of companies and individuals
- Exposure to the undesirable
- The right to alter natural order
Environmental issues include:
- Green house effects/global warming
- Deforestation
- Water, air and land pollution
- Sustainable technology
Society issues include:
- The impact on minority groups eg. special designs for the elderly or disabled.
H3.1 analyses the factors that influence innovation and the success of innovation
Products that create a new need or satisfy an existing one in a totally new way whilst using established product designs are known as innovations.
Factors that impact on success of innovations:
- Timing: most success occurs during economic prosperity
- Available and emerging technologies
- Cultural factors
- Political factors
- Ergonomic factors
- Legal factors
- Agencies: Patents office, Standards Australia, Small business council
H5.2 selects and uses appropriate research methods and communication techniques
Research is a thorough investigation into a subject in order to discover information or facts. Four types of research include:
- Descriptive research
- Historical research
- Experimental research
- Operational research.
There are two sources were to conduct these types of research:
- Primary
- Secondary
Research can also be classified as either:
- Quantitative: Statistical/numerical
- Qualitative: Peoples feelings, views or beliefs
Research can be carried out through:
- Surveys
- Questionnaires
- Interviews
- Tests and Experiments
- Statistical Analysis
- Information research
- Interpreting and presenting data
Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages. Effective communication will allow designers to clearly convey thoughts and ideas to clients or each other. Forms of communication can fall under the fo0llowing headings:
- Verbal
- Written
- Graphic
- Visual and Audio
- Tactile (sense of touch)
H6.1justifies technological activities undertaken in the major design project and relates these to industrial and commercial practices
In the industrial and commercial world there are procedures and laws that workers have to follow when conducting their design processes, choice of varying materials, construction techniques and tools, sales and marketing and Occupational Health & Safety. Just like in the real world, a D&T student has to apply and abide in the same manner in the schools workshop.