Appendix1. Sample-Weighted Summary Statistics (N = 38,025)

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Appendix1. Sample-weighted summary statistics (n = 38,025).

Variable / Definition / Mean / Std.Dev.
Health service utilisation
Practice nurse visit in last two weeks / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.062 / 0.241
GP visit in last two weeks / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.149 / 0.356
Age and gender variables
Female / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.541 / 0.498
Age / Years/100 / 0.385 / 0.234
Health variables
Self-reported general health
Very good / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.380 / 0.485
Good / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.402 / 0.490
Fair / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.160 / 0.367
Bad / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.044 / 0.206
Very bad / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.013 / 0.115
Limiting longstanding illness / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.222 / 0.416
Acute ill health in last fortnight
0 days / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.842 / 0.365
1-3 days / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.054 / 0.226
4-6 days / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.026 / 0.159
7-13 days / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.025 / 0.155
14 days / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.053 / 0.223
Longstanding illness
Neoplasms & benign growths / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.014 / 0.119
Endocrine & metabolic / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.046 / 0.209
Mental disorders / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.027 / 0.162
Nervous system / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.033 / 0.180
Eye complaints / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.022 / 0.147
Ear complaints / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.023 / 0.151
Heart & circulatory / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.097 / 0.296
Respiratory system / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.096 / 0.295
Digestive system / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.041 / 0.199
Genito-urinary / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.017 / 0.131
Skin complaints / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.025 / 0.155
Musculo-skeletal / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.155 / 0.362
Infectious disease / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.002 / 0.048
Blood & related organs / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.006 / 0.075
Other complains / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.002 / 0.042
No. longstanding illnesses
0 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.599 / 0.490
1 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.255 / 0.436
2 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.099 / 0.299
3 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.031 / 0.174
4 or more / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.015 / 0.120
Permanent long term sickness / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.032 / 0.177
Temporary sickness or injury / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.003 / 0.052
GHQ-12 score
0 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.444 / 0.497
1 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.109 / 0.312
2 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.060 / 0.238
3 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.036 / 0.186
4 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.024 / 0.154
5 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.020 / 0.140
6 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.016 / 0.124
7 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.013 / 0.112
8 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.010 / 0.097
9 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.008 / 0.088
10 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.008 / 0.088
11 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.006 / 0.078
12 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.006 / 0.080
Socioeconomic variables
Income / Annual equivalised household income (£)/10,000 / 2.418 / 2.155
Highest education qualification
Degree / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.118 / 0.322
Higher education less than degree / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.085 / 0.280
A level or equivalent / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.096 / 0.294
GCSE or equivalent / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.180 / 0.384
CSE or equivalent / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.043 / 0.203
Other qualification / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.036 / 0.187
No qualification / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.211 / 0.408
Economic activity
In paid employment / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.424 / 0.494
Going to school/college full time / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.042 / 0.200
Retired from paid work / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.169 / 0.375
Looking after the home / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.080 / 0.272
Waiting to take up paid job / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.002 / 0.048
Looking for paid job / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.015 / 0.122
Doing something else / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.003 / 0.050
Ethnic group
White / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.917 / 0.275
Black Caribbean / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.013 / 0.113
Black African / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.010 / 0.097
Indian / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.017 / 0.131
Pakistani / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.014 / 0.118
Bangladeshi / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.005 / 0.073
Chinese / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.003 / 0.050
Other / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.021 / 0.142
Marital status
Married / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.421 / 0.494
Single / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.428 / 0.495
Separated / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.020 / 0.140
Divorced / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.062 / 0.242
Widowed / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.068 / 0.252
No. infants age 0-1 years
0 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.912 / 0.283
1 or more / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.088 / 0.283
No. children aged 2-16 years
0 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.566 / 0.496
1 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.161 / 0.367
2 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.181 / 0.385
3 / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.067 / 0.251
4 or more / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.025 / 0.156
Degree of urbanisation
Rural / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.232 / 0.422
Suburban / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.591 / 0.492
Urban / 1=yes, 0 otherwise / 0.177 / 0.382
Supply variables
Mean distance to General Practice / Km / 12.091 / 0.602
Practice nurse supply / No. practices nurses per 1000 registered patients / 0.219 / 0.036
GP supply / No. GPs per 1000 registered patients / 0.560 / 0.048

Appendix 2. Partial effect of age and gender variables with practice nurse and GP visits.

Nurse visit / GP visit
Variables / Coef. / z / ME / Coef. / z / ME / Coef. Nurse = Coef. GP
Female / -0.350 / -4.41 / -0.036 / -0.165 / -2.94 / -0.034 / χ2 = 4.25 / p = 0.0391
Age / -10.581 / -9.59 / -1.055 / -7.970 / -10.48 / -1.650 / χ2 = 3.99 / p = 0.0459
Age squared / 22.687 / 8.88 / 2.261 / 15.756 / 8.71 / 3.262 / χ2 = 5.20 / p = 0.0225
Age cubed / -13.502 / -7.42 / -1.346 / -8.987 / -6.78 / -1.860 / χ2 = 4.31 / p = 0.0379
Female*age / 5.306 / 6.03 / 0.529 / 3.818 / 5.91 / 0.790 / χ2 = 2.16 / p = 0.1419
Female*age squared / -12.399 / -5.11 / -1.236 / -9.192 / -5.04 / -1.903 / χ2 = 1.30 / p = 0.2545
Female*age cubed / 7.825 / 4.16 / 0.780 / 5.744 / 4.02 / 1.189 / χ2 = 0.90 / p = 0.3428
Tests of joint restrictions
Age and gender = 0 / χ2 = 127.07 p < 0.0001 / χ2 =177.95 p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 18.83 / p = 0.0087

Health variables, socioeconomic variables and supply variables are also included and reported in other tables. Individual sample weights are used throughout. The standard errors are adjusted for clustered sampling at the primary sampling unit level.

Appendix 3. Partial effect of health variables with practice nurse and GP visits.

Nurse visit / GP visit
Variables / Coef. / z / ME / Coef. / z / ME / Coef. Nurse = Coef. GP
Self-reported general health
Very good / Base category / Base category
Good / 0.107 / 3.39 / 0.011 / 0.152 / 6.48 / 0.032 / χ2 = 1.47 / p = 0.2251
Fair / 0.207 / 4.99 / 0.023 / 0.337 / 10.25 / 0.079 / χ2 = 6.77 / p = 0.0093
Bad / 0.223 / 3.44 / 0.026 / 0.319 / 6.08 / 0.077 / χ2 = 1.55 / p = 0.2136
Very bad / 0.133 / 1.38 / 0.015 / 0.445 / 5.64 / 0.115 / χ2 = 7.07 / p = 0.0079
Acute ill health (days cut down)
0 days / Base category / Base category
1-3 days / 0.101 / 1.89 / 0.011 / 0.486 / 13.28 / 0.126 / χ2 = 37.77 / p < 0.0001
4-6 days / 0.233 / 3.67 / 0.028 / 0.736 / 14.47 / 0.212 / χ2 = 42.10 / p < 0.0001
7-13 days / 0.262 / 3.98 / 0.032 / 0.919 / 19.04 / 0.280 / χ2 = 63.36 / p < 0.0001
14 days / 0.215 / 4.34 / 0.025 / 0.747 / 19.03 / 0.213 / χ2 = 78.98 / p < 0.0001
Longstanding illness
Neoplasms & benign growths / 0.165 / 1.89 / 0.019 / 0.072 / 0.92 / 0.016 / χ2 = 0.73 / p = 0.3939
Endocrine & metabolic / 0.357 / 6.65 / 0.046 / 0.222 / 4.77 / 0.051 / χ2 = 4.47 / p =0.0345
Mental disorders / 0.118 / 1.59 / 0.013 / 0.230 / 4.02 / 0.054 / χ2 = 1.61 / p = 0.2052
Nervous system / -0.150 / -2.15 / -0.013 / 0.059 / 1.12 / 0.013 / χ2 = 6.36 / p = 0.0117
Heart & circulatory / 0.265 / 5.46 / 0.031 / 0.167 / 4.24 / 0.037 / χ2 = 2.67 / p = 0.1024
Respiratory system / 0.122 / 2.79 / 0.013 / 0.099 / 3.01 / 0.021 / χ2 = 0.20 / p = 0.6516
Digestive system / 0.039 / 0.64 / 0.004 / 0.167 / 3.43 / 0.038 / χ2 = 3.30 / p = 0.0692
Genitourinary system / 0.146 / 1.76 / 0.016 / 0.273 / 4.03 / 0.065 / χ2 = 1.74 / p = 0.1870
Skin complaints / 0.106 / 1.41 / 0.011 / 0.224 / 4.15 / 0.052 / χ2 = 1.81 / p = 0.1781
Musculoskeletal / -0.009 / -0.21 / -0.001 / 0.064 / 1.89 / 0.014 / χ2 = 2.09 / p = 0.1479
No. longstanding illnesses
0 or 1 / Base category / Base category
2 / 0.005 / 0.09 / 0.001 / -0.068 / -1.58 / -0.014 / χ2 = 1.29 / p = 0.2562
3 / -0.141 / -1.64 / -0.013 / -0.181 / -2.66 / -0.034 / χ2 = 0.15 / p = 0.6999
4 or more / -0.103 / -0.85 / -0.009 / -0.266 / -2.71 / -0.047 / χ2 = 1.24 / p = 0.2660
Permanent long term sickness / 0.190 / 2.78 / 0.022 / -0.017 / -0.28 / -0.003 / χ2 = 6.16 / p = 0.0131
Temporary sickness or injury / 0.247 / 1.25 / 0.030 / 0.137 / 0.84 / 0.031 / χ2 = 0.19 / p = 0.6622
GHQ-12 scores
0 / Base category / Base category
1 / 0.048 / 1.16 / 0.005 / 0.108 / 3.26 / 0.024 / χ2 = 1.54 / p = 0.2145
2 / 0.009 / 0.19 / 0.001 / 0.114 / 2.77 / 0.025 / χ2 = 2.91 / p = 0.0878
3 / -0.066 / -1.01 / -0.006 / 0.171 / 3.37 / 0.039 / χ2 = 9.42 / p = 0.0021
4 / -0.030 / -0.38 / -0.003 / 0.151 / 2.49 / 0.034 / χ2 = 3.79 / p = 0.0515
5 / 0.005 / 0.05 / 0.000 / 0.247 / 3.87 / 0.058 / χ2 = 5.95 / p = 0.0147
6 / -0.030 / -0.33 / -0.003 / 0.265 / 3.89 / 0.063 / χ2 = 7.02 / p = 0.0081
7 / 0.100 / 0.97 / 0.011 / 0.198 / 2.42 / 0.046 / χ2 = 0.76 / p = 0.3840
8 / 0.075 / 0.65 / 0.008 / 0.417 / 4.86 / 0.107 / χ2 = 5.94 / p = 0.0148
9 / 0.143 / 1.21 / 0.016 / 0.174 / 1.81 / 0.040 / χ2 = 0.05 / p = 0.8310
10 / -0.071 / -0.52 / -0.007 / 0.237 / 2.41 / 0.056 / χ2 = 3.75 / p = 0.0528
11 / 0.201 / 1.48 / 0.024 / 0.323 / 2.92 / 0.079 / χ2 = 0.68 / p = 0.4101
12 / 0.046 / 0.34 / 0.005 / 0.424 / 3.74 / 0.109 / χ2 = 4.19 / p = 0.0406
Tests of joint restrictions
Self-reported general health = 0 / χ2 = 26.90 p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 114.72 p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 10.86 / p = 0.0282
Acute ill-health = 0 / χ2 = 39.40 p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 811.30 p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 166.62 / p < 0.0001
Longstanding illness = 0 / χ2 = 92.78 p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 66.80 p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 32.25 / p = 0.0004
No. longstanding illnesses = 0 / χ2 = 4.77 p = 0.1898 / χ2 = 9.76 p = 0.0207 / χ2 = 2.07 / p = 0.5573
GHQ-12 scores= 0 / χ2 = 8.36p = 0.7564 / χ2 = 78.87p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 29.01 / p = 0.0039

Age and gender variables, socioeconomic variables and supply variables are also included and reported in other tables. Individual sample weights are used throughout. The standard errors are adjusted for clustered sampling at the primary sampling unit level.

Appendix 4. Partial effect of socioeconomic variables with practice nurse and GP visits.

Nurse visit / GP visit
Variables / Coef. / z / ME / Coef. / z / ME / Coef. Nurse = Coef. GP
Income / -0.006 / -0.78 / -0.001 / -0.010 / -1.83 / -0.002 / χ2 = 0.32 / p = 0.5717
Highest education qualification
Degree / Base category / Base category
Higher education less than degree / 0.083 / 1.45 / 0.009 / 0.034 / 0.75 / 0.007 / χ2 = 0.46 / p = 0.4999
A level or equivalent / 0.149 / 2.67 / 0.016 / 0.064 / 1.46 / 0.014 / χ2 = 1.54 / p =0.2141
GCSE or equivalent / 0.075 / 1.45 / 0.008 / 0.085 / 2.20 / 0.018 / χ2 = 0.03 / p = 0.8629
CSE or equivalent / -0.005 / -0.07 / 0.000 / 0.083 / 1.49 / 0.018 / χ2 = 1.81 / p = 0.2915
Other qualification / 0.154 / 2.16 / 0.017 / 0.132 / 2.21 / 0.029 / χ2 = 0.07 / p = 0.7933
No qualification / 0.046 / 0.87 / 0.005 / 0.092 / 2.22 / 0.020 / χ2 = 0.51 / p = 0.4771
Economic activity
In paid employment / Base category / Base category
Going to school/college full time / -0.107 / -1.39 / -0.010 / -0.260 / -4.68 / -0.047 / χ2 = 2.77 / p =0.0957
Retired from paid work / 0.030 / 0.58 / 0.003 / -0.009 / -0.20 / -0.002 / χ2 = 0.39 / p = 0.5329
Looking after the home / 0.119 / 2.5 / 0.013 / 0.027 / 0.68 / 0.006 / χ2 = 2.49 / p =0.1144
Waiting to take up paid job / 0.157 / 0.58 / 0.018 / -0.005 / -0.03 / -0.001 / χ2 = 0.23 / p = 0.6339
Looking for paid job / 0.081 / 0.77 / 0.009 / -0.144 / -1.76 / -0.027 / χ2 = 3.67 / p =0.0554
Doing something else / 0.261 / 1.27 / 0.032 / -0.067 / -0.38 / -0.013 / χ2 = 1.51 / p = 0.2186
Ethnic group
White / Base category / Base category
Black Caribbean / -0.006 / -0.05 / -0.001 / 0.099 / 1.23 / 0.022 / χ2 = 0.58 / p = 0.4467
Black African / 0.063 / 0.47 / 0.007 / 0.074 / 0.77 / 0.016 / χ2 = 0.01 / p = 0.9404
Indian / -0.044 / -0.4 / -0.004 / -0.016 / -0.20 / -0.003 / χ2 = 0.07 / p = 0.7981
Pakistani / 0.037 / 0.34 / 0.004 / 0.311 / 3.66 / 0.076 / χ2 = 4.25 / p = 0.0393
Bangladeshi / -0.070 / -0.32 / -0.007 / 0.119 / 0.89 / 0.026 / χ2 = 0.78 / p = 0.3764
Chinese / -0.415 / -1.59 / -0.029 / -0.111 / -0.50 / -0.022 / χ2 = 1.10 / p =0.2944
Other / -0.111 / -1.12 / -0.010 / 0.119 / 1.90 / 0.026 / χ2 = 3.91 / p = 0.0480
Marital Status
Married / Base category / Base category
Single / -0.132 / -2.63 / -0.013 / -0.131 / -3.35 / -0.027 / χ2 = 0.00 / p = 0.9833
Separated / -0.010 / -0.12 / -0.001 / 0.021 / 0.29 / 0.004 / χ2 = 0.09 / p = 0.7693
Divorced / -0.055 / -1.07 / -0.005 / 0.061 / 1.46 / 0.013 / χ2 = 3.43 / p = 0.0640
Widowed / -0.073 / -1.42 / -0.007 / -0.057 / -1.23 / -0.011 / χ2 = 0.06 / p = 0.8031
No. infants age 0-1 years
0 / Base category / Base category
1 or more / 0.077 / 1.66 / 0.008 / 0.117 / 3.33 / 0.026 / χ2 = 0.59 / p = 0.4409
No. children aged 2-16 years
0 / Base category / Base category
1 / -0.092 / -2.09 / -0.009 / 0.040 / 1.32 / 0.008 / χ2 = 6.98 / p = 0.0082
2 / -0.091 / -1.81 / -0.009 / -0.039 / -1.07 / -0.008 / χ2 = 0.87 / p = 0.3520
3 / -0.079 / -1.15 / -0.007 / -0.074 / -1.51 / -0.015 / χ2 = 0.00 / p = 0.9507
4 or more / -0.128 / -1.13 / -0.012 / -0.168 / -2.32 / -0.032 / χ2 = 0.10 / p = 0.7487
Degree of urbanisation
Rural / Base category / Base category
Suburban / -0.090 / -2.65 / -0.009 / 0.016 / 0.63 / 0.003 / χ2 = 7.57 / p = 0.0059
Urban / -0.070 / -1.55 / -0.007 / 0.000 / 0.01 / 0.000 / χ2 = 1.91 / p = 0.1666
Tests of joint restrictions
Education = 0 / χ2 = 12.52p = 0.0514 / χ2 = 8.07p = 0.2330 / χ2 = 7.10 / p = 0.3118
Economic activity = 0 / χ2 = 18.31p =0.0190 / χ2 = 27.45p = 0.0006 / χ2 = 13.28 / p = 0.1026
Ethnic group = 0 / χ2 = 3.62 p =0.8228 / χ2 = 18.58 p =0.0096 / χ2 = 8.75 / p = 0.2713
Marital status = 0 / χ2 = 8.64p = 0.0708 / χ2 = 16.17p = 0.0028 / χ2 = 3.56 / p = 0.4690
No. children = 0 / χ2 = 5.63p = 0.2287 / χ2 = 13.00 p= 0.0113 / χ2 = 8.54 / p = 0.0735
Degree of urbanisation = 0 / χ2 = 7.05p = 0.0295 / χ2 = 0.59p = 0.7428 / χ2 = 7.63 / p =0.0220

Age and gender variables, health variables and supply variables are also included and reported in other tables. Individual sample weights are used throughout. The standard errors are adjusted for clustered sampling at the primary sampling unit level.

Appendix5. Partial effect of supply variables with practice nurse and GP visits.

Nurse visit / GP visit
Variables / Coef. / z / ME / Coef. / z / ME / Coef. Nurse = Coef. GP
Mean distance to general practice / -0.049 / -1.79 / -0.005 / 0.004 / 0.23 / 0.001 / χ2 = 3.12 / p = 0.0775
GP supply / 0.852 / 2.76 / 0.085 / 0.432 / 2.05 / 0.089 / χ2 = 1.37 / p = 0.2411
Tests of joint restrictions
Supply = 0 / χ2 = 8.46p = 0.0146 / χ2 = 4.56p = 0.1023 / χ2 = 3.66p = 0.1605

Age and gender variables, health variables and socioeconomic variables are also included and reported in other tables. Individual sample weights are used throughout. The standard errors are adjusted for clustered sampling at the primary sampling unit level.

Appendix6. Partial effect of other variableswith practice nurse and GP visits.

Nurse visit / GP visit
Variables / Coef. / z / ME / Coef. / z / ME / Coef. Nurse = Coef. GP
Month of the interview
January / Base category / Base category
February / -0.032 / -0.51 / -0.003 / 0.082 / 1.76 / 0.018 / χ2 = 2.63 / p = 0.1047
March / 0.014 / 0.21 / 0.001 / 0.016 / 0.32 / 0.003 / χ2 = 0.00 / p =0.9813
April / -0.023 / -0.35 / -0.002 / 0.018 / 0.38 / 0.004 / χ2 = 0.28 / p = 0.5987
May / 0.127 / 1.94 / 0.014 / 0.032 / 0.65 / 0.007 / χ2 = 1.66 / p = 0.1971
June / 0.034 / 0.54 / 0.003 / 0.042 / 0.86 / 0.009 / χ2 = 0.01 / p = 0.9159
July / 0.022 / 0.37 / 0.002 / 0.044 / 0.95 / 0.009 / χ2 = 0.09 / p = 0.7653
August / 0.057 / 0.89 / 0.006 / 0.014 / 0.28 / 0.003 / χ2 = 0.33 / p = 0.5646
September / 0.060 / 0.88 / 0.006 / -0.005 / -0.11 / -0.001 / χ2 = 0.72 / p = 0.3960
October / 0.197 / 3.19 / 0.023 / 0.041 / 0.88 / 0.009 / χ2 = 5.01 / p =0.0252
November / 0.234 / 3.95 / 0.027 / 0.042 / 0.93 / 0.009 / χ2 = 7.30 / p = 0.0069
December / 0.041 / 0.58 / 0.004 / -0.076 / -1.44 / -0.015 / χ2 = 2.15 / p =0.1430
Missing values
Self-assessed health / -4.285 / -13.83 / -0.048 / -4.204 / -16.37 / -0.126 / χ2 = 0.09 / p =0.7688
Acute ill health (days cut down) / -0.354 / -0.75 / -0.026 / 0.260 / 0.73 / 0.062 / χ2 = 1.61 / p =0.2050
GHQ-12 score / -0.055 / -0.91 / -0.005 / 0.078 / 1.70 / 0.016 / χ2 = 3.62 / p = 0.0571
Ethnic group / 0.039 / 0.15 / 0.004 / 0.079 / 0.46 / 0.017 / χ2 = 0.02 / p = 0.8863
Economic activity / -0.184 / -1.92 / -0.017 / -0.258 / -3.75 / -0.049 / χ2 = 0.43 / p = 0.5129
Marital status / 0.282 / 0.47 / 0.035 / -0.437 / -0.66 / -0.069 / χ2 = 0.61 / p = 0.4354
Degree of urbanization / -4.178 / -23.59 / -0.048 / -0.231 / -0.40 / -0.042 / χ2 = 51.31 / p < 0.0001
Income / -0.003 / -0.08 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.03 / 0.000 / χ2 = 0.01 / p = 0.9308
Proxy responses / -0.402 / -3.85 / -0.033 / -0.252 / -3.47 / -0.048 / χ2 = 1.54 / p = 0.2143
Year of data (2001) / -0.070 / -2.59 / -0.007 / 0.006 / 0.28 / 0.001 / χ2 = 5.78 / p = 0.0162
Tests of joint restrictions
Month of interview = 0 / χ2 = 43.15p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 11.77 p =0.3816 / χ2 = 32.65 / p < 0.0001
Missing values = 0 / χ2 = 804.72p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 285.09p < 0.0001 / χ2 = 57.31 / p = 0.0004

Age and gender variables, health variables, socioeconomic and supply variables are also included and reported in other tables. Individual sample weights are used throughout. The standard errors are adjusted for clustered sampling at the primary sampling unit level.