(TABLE S1 continued.)

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

APPENDIX S1:TRIASSIC ARCHOSAURIFORM TRACKWAYS

TABLE S1—Triassic archosauriform trackways used in the analysis. Cited literature, ichnotaxa, assumed trackmaker, geological age, stride length, foot length, ratio of foot length and stride length, depositional setting relative speed and speed of dinosauromorphs except sauropodomorphs are shown. Relative speed is (Stride length)1.66 (Foot length)-1.16 , which is proportional to speed. Speed was calculated for dinosauromorphs except sauropodomorphs based on the assumption that hip height is four times foot lengths and given in kilometer per hour. Foot and stride length are given in centimeters. Trackmakers were divided into dinosauromorphs and other archosauriforms, and dinosauromorphs were further divided into three-toed dinosauriforms, sauropodomorphs, and basal dinosauromorphs. Assignation of trackmaker is based on the synapomorphiesreflected in the morphology of foot prints (see Material and Method section).

References / Ichno taxa / Assume trackmaker / Age / Foot length (cm) / Stride length (cm) / Stride/ foot ratio / Depositional setting / Relative speed / Speed
Conrad et al. (1987) / Coelurosaurichnusisp. / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 7.6 / 59 / 7.8 / Fluvial / 8.3 / 4.7
Courel and Demathieu (1976) / Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 13 / 107 / 8.2 / 11.9 / 6.8
Courel and Demathieu (1976) / Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 8 / 102 / 12.8 / 19.4 / 11.0
Courel and Demathieu (2000) / Coelurosaurichnus gracieri / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 10.7 / 85.3 / 8.0 / River-lagoon / 10.3 / 5.8
Gand and Demathieu (2005) / Coelurosaurichnus grancieri / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 6.5 / 51.1 / 7.9 / 7.8 / 4.4
Gand and Demathieu (2005) / Coelurosaurichnus grancieri / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 8.1 / 64.1 / 7.9 / 8.8 / 5.0
Gand and Demathieu (2005) / Coelurosaurichnus grancieri / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 9 / 90.6 / 10.1 / 13.9 / 7.9
Gand and Demathieu (2005) / Coelurosaurichnus grancieri / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 6.1 / 62.6 / 10.3 / 11.8 / 6.7
Gand and Demathieu (2005) / Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 7.5 / 78.05 / 10.4 / 13.4 / 7.6
Gand and Demathieu (2005) / Grallatorisp. / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 11.1 / 123.7 / 11.1 / 18.2 / 10.3
Gand and Demathieu (2005) / Anchisauripus bibractensis / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 7.23 / 95 / 13.1 / 19.3 / 11.0
Gand and Demathieu (2005) / Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 8.83 / 118.75 / 13.5 / 22.2 / 12.6
Gand and Demathieu (2005) / Anchisauripus bibractensis / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 5.46 / 74.97 / 13.7 / 18.1 / 10.3
Gand et al. (2005) / Grallatorisp. / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 21.7 / 271.9 / 12.5 / 31.0 / 17.6
Lockley et al. (1996) / Anchisauripusisp. / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 25 / 79 / 3.2 / Fluvial / 3.4 / 1.9
Lockley et al. (1996) / Grallator isp. / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 10 / 170 / 17.0 / Fluvial / 34.9 / 19.8
Marsicano and Barredo (2004) / Type B2 / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 16 / 200 / 12.5 / Lacustrine / 26.5 / 15.0
Marsicano et al. (2007) / Type 1 / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 15.9 / 100 / 6.3 / lacustrine / 8.5 / 4.8
Marsicano et al. (2007) / Type 3 / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 30 / 200 / 6.7 / lacustrine / 12.8 / 7.2
Marsicano et al. (2007) / Type 1 / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 23.66 / 180 / 7.6 / lacustrine / 14.1 / 8.0
Marsicano et al. (2007) / Type 1 / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 18.66 / 150 / 8.0 / lacustrine / 13.7 / 7.8
Marsicano et al. (2007) / Type 1 / III toed Dinosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 19.33 / 180 / 9.3 / lacustrine / 17.9 / 10.1
Thulborn (1998) / cf. Grallator / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 7.2 / 43.2 / 6.0 / Fluvial /lacustrine / paludal / 5.3 / 3.0
Marsicano and Barredo (2004) / Type FB / Sauropodomorpha / Late Triassic / 22.5 / 65 / 2.9 / Shallow lacustrine / 2.8
Marsicano and Barredo (2004) / Type FB / Sauropodomorpha / Late Triassic / 26.6 / 135 / 5.1 / Shallow lacustrine / 7.6
Marsicano and Barredo (2004) / Type FB / Sauropodomorpha / Late Triassic / 20 / 105 / 5.3 / Shallow lacustrine / 7.0
Staines and Wood (1964) / cf. Eubrontes / III toed Dinosauriformes / Late Triassic / 38 / 191 / 5.0 / Fluvial /lacustrine / paludal / 9.0 / 5.1
Wilson (2005) / Tetrasurops / Sauropodomorpha / Late Triassic / 29.5 / 79.8 / 2.7 / 2.8
Haubold (1971) / Rotodactylus matthesi / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 3.8 / 13 / 3.4 / 1.5 / 0.8
Haubold (1967) / Rotodactylus matthesi / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 4 / 17.5 / 4.4 / 2.3 / 1.3
Peabody (1948) / ? Rotodactylus cursorius / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 6 / 29 / 4.8 / 3.3 / 1.9
Ptaszynski (2000) / Prorotodactylus mirus / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 3.8 / 24.4 / 6.4 / Fluvial / 4.3 / 2.4
Haubold (1967) / Rotodactylus matthesi / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 4 / 30.5 / 7.6 / 5.8 / 3.3
Peabody (1948) / Rotodactylus cursorius / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 5 / 39.5 / 7.9 / 6.9 / 3.9
Haubold (1971) / Rotodactylus matthesi / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 5.3 / 43.5 / 8.2 / 7.6 / 4.3
Peabody (1948) / Rotodactylus cursorius / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 6 / 50 / 8.3 / Fluvial / 8.3 / 4.7
Peabody (1948) / Rotodactylus cursorius / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 5.8 / 49.5 / 8.5 / Fluvial / 8.5 / 4.8
Haubold (1967) / Rotodactylus matthesi / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 3.5 / 30 / 8.6 / 6.6 / 3.7
Peabody (1948) / Rotodactylus cursorius / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 3.9 / 35.5 / 9.1 / Fluvial / 7.7 / 4.4
Haubold (1967) / Rotodactylus matthesi / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 4 / 37 / 9.3 / 8.0 / 4.5
Peabody (1948) / Rotodactylus cursorius / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 5.5 / 52 / 9.5 / Fluvial / 9.8 / 5.5
Haubold (1971) / Rotodactylus matthesi / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Early Triassic / 3.2 / 36.8 / 11.5 / 10.3 / 5.8
Peabody (1948) / Rotodactylus mckeei / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Middle Triassic / 4.1 / 21.5 / 5.2 / Fluvial / 3.2 / 1.8
Peabody (1948) / Rotodactylus mckeei / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Middle Triassic / 3.5 / 21.5 / 6.1 / Fluvial / 3.8 / 2.2
Peabody (1948) / Rotodactylus bradyi / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Middle Triassic / 7 / 62 / 8.9 / Fluvial / 9.9 / 5.6
Gand and Demathieu (2005) / Sphingopus ferox / Basal Dinosauromorpha / Middle Triassic / 11.07 / 90 / 8.1 / 10.8 / 6.1
Avanzini and Leonardi (2002) / Isochirotherium inferni / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 20.5 / 118.2 / 5.8 / Subtidal / 8.3
Conrad et al. (1987) / Chirotherium isp. / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Late Triassic / 14.5 / 60 / 4.1 / Fluvial / 4.0
Conrad et al. (1987) / Brachychirotherium isp. / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Late Triassic / 18 / 110 / 6.1 / Fluvial / 8.6
Courel and Demathieu (1976) / Isochirotherium felenci / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 28.6 / 100 / 3.5 / 4.3
Courel and Demathieu (1976) / Isochirotherium felenci / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 28.75 / 102.5 / 3.6 / 4.4
Courel and Demathieu (1976) / Isochirotherium felenci / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 24.7 / 93 / 3.8 / 4.5
Courel and Demathieu (1976) / Isochirotherium felenci / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 20.5 / 96 / 4.7 / 5.9
Courel and Demathieu (1976) / Brachychirotherium circaparvum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 11.3 / 75.2 / 6.7 / 7.8
Courel and Demathieu (1976) / Brachychirotherium circaparvum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 17.23 / 124 / 7.2 / 11.0
Demathieu (1974) / Chirotherium gallicum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 17.6 / 75 / 4.3 / 4.7
Demathieu (1974) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 19.8 / 100 / 5.1 / 6.5
Demathieu (1984) / Brachychirotherium gallicum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 17.0 / 64.5 / 3.8 / 3.8
Demathieu (1984) / Brachychirotherium gallicum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 15.9 / 62 / 3.9 / 3.8
Demathieu (1984) / Brachychirotherium gallicum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 17.4 / 75 / 4.3 / 4.7
Demathieu (1984) / Brachychirotherium gallicum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 16.2 / 86 / 5.3 / 6.4
Demathieu and Durand (1991) / Chirotherium mediterraneum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 19 / 66 / 3.5 / Channel bank and lake shore / 3.4
Demathieu and Fichter (1989) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 8.1 / 58.5 / 7.2 / 7.6
Demathieu and Haubold (1982) / Brachychirotherium kuhni / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 9.8 / 30 / 3.1 / 2.0
Fichter and Kunz (2004) / Protochirotherium wolfhagense / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 10.9 / 68.2 / 6.3 / Fluvial / 6.9
Fuglewicz et al. (1990) / Isochirotherium sanctacrucense / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 11.3 / 53.5 / 4.7 / Fluvial / 4.4
Haderer et al. (1995) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 14.5 / 69 / 4.8 / 5.1
Haderer et al. (1995) / Isochirotherium felenci / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 19 / 93.6 / 4.9 / 6.2
Haderer et al. (1995) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 15.1 / 75.4 / 5.0 / 5.6
Haderer et al. (1995) / Isochirotherium felenci / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 21.7 / 188 / 8.7 / 16.8
Haubold (1967) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 8 / 43.5 / 5.4 / Fluvial / 4.7
Haubold (1967) / Chirotherium soergeli / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 4.7 / 26.9 / 5.7 / Fluvial / 3.9
Haubold (1967) / Chirotherium soergeli / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 4.4 / 26.6 / 6.1 / Fluvial / 4.2
Haubold (1967) / Chirotherium soergeli / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 4 / 24.8 / 6.2 / Fluvial / 4.1
Haubold (1967) / Brachychirotherium praeparvum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 4.8 / 35.7 / 7.4 / Fluvial / 6.1
Haubold (1967) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 7 / 52.7 / 7.5 / Fluvial / 7.5
Haubold (1967) / Brachychirotherium praeparvum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 3.2 / 25 / 7.8 / Fluvial / 5.4
Haubold (1967) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 4.7 / 39.4 / 8.4 / Fluvial / 7.4
Haubold (1967) / Brachychirotheriumharrasense / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 3.5 / 31 / 8.9 / Fluvial / 7.0
Haubold (1967) / Brachychirotheriumharrasense / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 4 / 37 / 9.3 / Fluvial / 8.0
Haubold (1967) / Brachychirotheriumharrasense / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 3.8 / 35.8 / 9.4 / Fluvial / 8.1
Haubold (1967) / Brachychirotherium praeparvum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 4.9 / 46.6 / 9.5 / Fluvial / 9.3
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium hildburghausense / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 7 / 41.5 / 5.9 / Fluvial / 5.1
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 7.8 / 51.2 / 6.6 / Fluvial / 6.3
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 8.3 / 58.6 / 7.1 / Fluvial / 7.4
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 8.5 / 59 / 6.9 / Fluvial / 7.3
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 9.2 / 65 / 7.1 / Fluvial / 7.8
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 10 / 71 / 7.1 / Fluvial / 8.2
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 12.3 / 62.5 / 5.1 / Fluvial / 5.2
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 13 / 80 / 6.2 / Fluvial / 7.4
Haubold (1971) / Isochirotherium soergeli / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 14 / 73 / 5.2 / Fluvial / 5.8
Haubold (1971) / Isochirotherium soergeli / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 14.3 / 98 / 6.9 / Fluvial / 9.2
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 15.5 / 85.6 / 5.5 / Fluvial / 6.7
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium jenense / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 17 / 95 / 5.6 / Fluvial / 7.2
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium lomasi / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 18 / 81 / 4.5 / 5.2
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium hessbergense / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 18 / 83.5 / 4.6 / Fluvial / 5.4
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium bipedale / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 18 / 89.5 / 5.0 / Fluvial / 6.1
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 18.5 / 107 / 5.8 / Fluvial / 7.9
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 19 / 110 / 5.8 / Fluvial / 8.0
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 19 / 112 / 5.9 / Fluvial / 8.3
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 19.5 / 94 / 4.8 / Fluvial / 6.0
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 19.5 / 106 / 5.4 / Fluvial / 7.3
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 19.5 / 109.5 / 5.6 / Fluvial / 7.7
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 20 / 97 / 4.9 / Fluvial / 6.1
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 20 / 120.5 / 6.0 / Fluvial / 8.8
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 21 / 108 / 5.1 / Fluvial / 6.9
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 22 / 110 / 5.0 / Fluvial / 6.8
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium marshalli / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 22.5 / 102 / 4.5 / 5.8
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 22.5 / 110 / 4.9 / Fluvial / 6.6
Haubold (1971) / Chirotherium barthii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 23.5 / 139 / 5.9 / Fluvial / 9.3
Haubold (1971) / Isochirotherium herculis / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 28 / 128 / 4.6 / Fluvial / 6.6
Haubold (1971) / Isochirotherium herculis / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 30 / 120 / 4.0 / Fluvial / 5.5
Lopez (1993) / Brachychirotherium cf. gallicum / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 30 / 162 / 5.4 / Coast or near a river / 9.0
Peabody (1948) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 9.4 / 48 / 5.1 / Fluvial / 4.6
Peabody (1948) / Chirotherium barthi / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 13.5 / 74.3 / 5.5 / Fluvial / 6.2
Peabody (1948) / Chirotherium barthi / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Middle Triassic / 22.5 / 127.5 / 5.7 / Fluvial / 8.4
Peabody (1948) / Chirotherium minus / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 12.2 / 96 / 7.9 / Fluvial / 10.7
Peabody (1948) / Chirotherium sickleri / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 8.5 / 75.2 / 8.9 / Fluvial / 10.9
Peabody (1956) / Chirotherium colotini / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 12.2 / 67.8 / 5.6 / 6.0
Ptaszynski (2000) / Isochirotheriumsanctacrucense / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 10.8 / 32 / 3.0 / 2.0
Ptaszynski (2000) / Synaptichnium kotanskii / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Early Triassic / 6.4 / 31.18 / 4.9 / Fluvial / 3.5
Szajna and Hartline (2003) / Chirotherium lulli / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Late Triassic / 3.7 / 23.2 / 6.3 / Range of fluvial, lacustrine and paludal / 4.1
Petti et al. (2009) / Brachychiortherium isp. / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Late Triassic / 23.8 / 140.8 / 5.9 / 9.3
Petti et al. (2009) / Brachychirotherium isp. / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Late Triassic / 24.9 / 153.4 / 6.2 / 10.2
Petti et al. (2009) / Brachychirotherium isp. / Nondinosauromorph Archosauriformes / Late Triassic / 27.1 / 150.7 / 5.6 / 9.0

APPENDIX S2:LIMB BONE MEASUREMENTS AND RELATIVE HIP HEIGHT OF TRIASSIC ARCHOSAURIFORMS

Lengths of limb and digit bones of Triassic archosauriforms were collected from published literature. Where actual measurementswere not included in the published articles, measurements were made from figures of fossilized bones. These measurements were taken only when all limb bones belonged to the same individual, except Saturnalia and Guaibasaurus, which were not completely preserved and were reconstructed based on measurements from another individual.

Hip height and foot length can be estimated to some extent if measurements of all limb bones are available(Thulborn, 1982). Digitigrade foot posture for dinosauromorphs and plantigrade foot posture forpseudosuchians and Phytosauria were assumed in a previous study (Parrish, 1986). Therefore, in this study, hip height of dinosauromorphs was estimated as the sum of the length of the femur, tibia, and metatarsal III. Hip height of other archosauriformsprobably lies between the sum of femur and tibia and the sum of femur, tibia and metatarsal III. Foot lengths of dinosauromorphswere calculated by adding the lengths of the phalanges and the ungula of digit III, and that of other archosauriforms were estimated to lie between the sum of the lengths of phalanges and the ungula of digit III and the value, where the length of metatarsal III is added to it. Because digit III is not completely preserved in Ticinosuchus, bone measurements of digit IV were used as a substitute. The lengths of distal carpals and ankle bones were ignored. After conducting these procedures, relative hip height was calculated by dividing hip height by foot length for dinosauromorphs. For other archosauriforms, two relative hip height values were calculated either by adding the metatarsal length to hip height or to foot length. When lengths of phalanges are not mentioned but the pes length is given in the literature, sum of phalange lengths was calculated by subtracting the metatarsal length from the pes length.Relative hip heights were compared between dinosauromorphs and other archosauriforms by Mann-Whitney’s U test. All statistical tests were conducted using SYSTAT version 10, SPSS, Inc.

Results

Estimated values of hip height divided by foot length were 1.9 to 2.9 among non-dinosauroromorph archosauriformswhen the length of metatarsal is included in the foot length. When the metatarsal length is included in the hip height, values ranges from 5.0 to 6.9. Relative hip height valuesranges from 4.4 to 6.0 among dinosauromorphs. Thus, ifthe length of metatarsal is added to foot length for non-dinosauroromorph archosauriforms, relative hip height was higher in Dinosauromorpha(p= 0.006). But if the relative hip heights were calculated by the sum of the length of the femur, tibia, and metatarsal divided by the sum of lengths of phalanges and the ungula for both dinosauromorphs and other archosauriforms, relative hip height is not significantly different (p= 0.754). It should be noted that complete hind-limb bones of a single individual are extremely rare among Triassic archosaurs and this comparisonis based on only 11 genera.

(TABLE S2 continued)

TABLE S2—Limb bone measurementsof Triassic archosauriforms. Lengths of hind limb and digit III bones of Triassic archosauriform specimens. Lengths are given in millimeters. The method of calculating hip/foot ratios is described avove. For Ticinosuchus, because metatarsal III is missing, metatarsal IV was used as a substitute.

Taxa / Specimen number / Femur length / Tibia length / Metatarsal III length / Sum of digit bones / Pes length / Reference / Hip/foot ratio (Min) / Hip/foot ratio (Max)
Pseudosuchia / Ornithosuchus longidens / R2410 / 87 / 73 / 35 / 37.7 / Walker (1964) / 2.20 / 5.17
Archosauriform / Parasuchus hislopi / ISI R 42 / 240 / 153 / 212 / Chatterjee (1978) / 1.85 / ?
Pseudosuchia / Postosuchus kirkpatricki / TTUP 9002 / 383 / 286 / 126 / 270 / Chatterjee (1985) / 2.48 / 4.97
Pseudosuchia / Ticinosuchus ferox / PIMUZ T2817 / 235 / 181 / 76* / 143.6 / Krebs (1965) / 2.90 / 6.93
Pseudosuchia / Poposaurus gracilis / YPM VP 057100 / 370 / 305 / 150 / 305 / Gauthier et al. (2011) / 2.21 / 5.32
Pseudosuchia / Aetosaurus ferratus / SMNS 5770 S-22 / 89 / 69 / 28 / 35 / Schoch (2007) / 2.51 / 5.32
Dinosauromorpha / Lagerpeton chanarensis / PVL 4619 / 76.7 / 90 / 42.1 / 38 / Sereno and Arcucci (1993) / 5.49
Dinosauromorpha / Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis / PVSJ 373 / 345 / 315 / 165 / 146 / Novas (1993) / 5.65
Dinosauromorpha / Saturnalia tupiniquim / MCP 3844&3845 PV / 152 / 158 / 84 / 76 / Langer (2003) / 5.18
Dinosauromorpha / Plateosaurus engelhardti / SMNS 1320 Right / 660 / 490 / 220 / 227 / von Huene (1926) / 6.04
Dinosauromorpha / Guaibasaurus candelariensis / MCN-PV 2355 & 2356 / 214 / 212 / 95 / 119.3 / Bonaparte et al. (1999) / 4.37

APPENDIX S3: SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES

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