Appendix. Faunal list and remarks. Records in parenthesis indicate uncertainties of identifications.
Pacific faunas / Intermediate / Atlantic faunasSpecies / N. Am. / Austr. / China / S. Am. / Baltica / Britain
Cymatograptus undulatus / x
Cymatograptus demissus / x / x / ?
Cymatograptus sp. cf. C. demissus / x
Cymatograptus sp. cf. C. rigoletto / x
Cymatograptus rigoletto / x / x / x / e
Cymatograptus protobalticus / ? / x / x / x / n
Cymatograptus balticus / x / x / x / d
Acrograptus sp. cf. A. gracilis / x / e
Acrograptus pusillus / x / x / m
Baltograptus geometricus / x / x / ? / i
Baltograptus vacillans / x / x / ? / c
Baltograptus sp. cf. B. deflexus / x / x / x / x
Azygograptus validus / x / x
Azygograptus minutus / x
Jishougraptus sp. / x / x
Tetragraptus vestrogothus / x
Pseudophyllograptus sp. / x / x / x / x / x / x
Tetragraptus phyllograptoides / x / x
Acrograptus filiformis / x / x / x / x
Tetragraptus sp. 3-stiped / ? / x
Corymbograptus vicinatus / x
Expansograptus constrictus / x / x / x / x / x
Expansograptus holmi / x / x / x / x / x / p
Tetragraptus amii 4-stiped / x / x / x / x / x / x / a
Pendeograptus simplex / x / n
Expansograptus latus / x / x / ? / x / x / d
Tetragraptus serra / x / x / x / x / x / x / e
Dichograptus octobrachiatus / x / x / x / x / x / x / m
Holograptus expansus / (x) / x / x / (x) / i
Schizograptus rotans / (x) / (x) / x / (x) / c
Loganograptus logani / x / x / ? / x / x / shallow
Expansograptus suecicus / x / x / ? / x / x / x
Rhabdinopora flabelliformis / x / x / x / x / x
Adelograptus tenellus / ? / ? / x / x / P
Hunnegraptus copiosus / x / ? / x / x / a
Paradelograptus norvegicus / ? / x / x / n
Paradelograptus antiquus / x / x / d
Tetragraptus longus / ? / x / e
Paratemnograptus magnificus / x / x / x / x / m
Pendeograptus fruticosus / x / x / x / x / x / x / i
Paradelograptus mosseboensis / x / x / x / c
Paradelograptus kinnegraptoides / x / x
Paradelograptus smithi / x / x / deep
Tetragraptus approximatus / x / x / x / x / x / (x)
Goniograptus sp. / x / x / x / x
Trichograptus dilaceratus / (x) / x / (x)
Clonograptus multiplex / (x) / (x) / x / x / x
The compilation of this appendix is based on a number of larger monographs and compilations, which are for the following continents and regions: Australia (Harris and Thomas, 1938; Thomas, 1960; Cas and VandenBerg, 1988; Rickards and Chapman, 1991; VandenBerg and Cooper, 1992), Scandinavia (Törnquist, 1901, 1904; Monsen, 1937; Maletz, 1987, 1992), China (Mu et al., 1979), North America (Ruedemann, 1947; Williams and Stevens, 1988), and South America (Turner, 1960; Toro and Brussa, 2003). Many important occurrences are documented in smaller publications. These are given separately in the individual discussions of species distributions. Remarks on the species identification and distribution are only given in case of uncertainties and variance in identification and interpretation. Species shown in the range charts that have not been found outside Scandinavia are not discussed here, as they are regarded to represent endemic Atlantic Faunal Province elements, except in cases when closely related species are more widely distributed and are discussed herein. Records from China are often not mentioned because of uncertainty in their identification based on published illustrations. The monograph by Mu et al. (1979) indicates the presence of a number of expansograptids that may belong to the genera Cymatograptus, Baltograptus, and Corymbograptus.
The species of the informal D. balticus group of Maletz et al. (1991) are here assigned to the genus Cymatograptus, as done by Maletz (1992). The species of this genus are restricted to the Atlantic Faunal Province, except for a single record from North America (see under C. protobalticus).
Cymatograptus demissus. The species was found in Bolivia (Maletz and Egenhoff, 2001). It is a rare species in Scandinavia and Argentina.
Cymatograptus rigoletto. The species is found in Scandinavia, Britain, Argentina, and Bolivia (Maletz et al., 1991; Maletz and Egenhoff, 2003; Egenhoff et al., 2004) and has to be considered an endemic Atlantic Faunal Province element.
Cymatograptus protobalticus. The species is known from Scandinavia, Russia (Tolmacheva et al., 2001), and Argentina. A related form was described by Williams and Stevens (1988) as Didymograptus (Expansograptus) latus (T.S. Hall) from western Newfoundland. This form represents the only record of a species of the genus Cymatograptus in North America and outside of the Atlantic Faunal Province.
Baltograptus geometricus, Baltograptus vacillans, Baltograptus sp. cf. B. deflexus. Baltograptus species are widely distributed in all Atlantic Faunal Province areas but have never been found outside this region. They are common in Scandinavia (Maletz, 1994), South America (Maletz et al., 1995; Toro and Brussa, 2003), and China (Mu et al., 1979; Maletz, 1994).
Azygograptus validus. The species is so far restricted to Scandinavia and Britain (Beckly and Maletz, 1991). It appears to be rare, except for its presence at Mount Hunneberg.
Jishougraptus sp. The genus is also present in China (Beckly and Maletz, 1991) but has rarely been described. Thus, its biogeographic distribution might be known only in part. A wider distribution in the Atlantic Faunal Province might be expected, and even a pandemic distribution cannot be excluded.
Pseudophyllograptus sp. Pseudophyllograptus specimens are common in the Arenig, and numerous species have been described. Most of them are difficult to identify at the species level in flattened material. Thus, they do not yield much information for the paleobiogeographic distribution of this genus.
Tetragraptus phyllograptoides Strandmark. The species is widely distributed in the Atlantic Faunal Province (Strandmark, 1902; Cooper and Lindholm, 1985; Cuerda et al., 1994; Moya et al., 1994; Toro, 1997; Tolmacheva et al., 2001). The similar Tetragraptus phyllograptoides triumphans Cooper and Fortey (1982) is considerably younger (mid-Arenig, Didymograptellus bifidus Biozone) and may not be closely related. The species was recently synonymized with Pseudophyllograptus archaios (Braithwaite) from the Pogonip Group of Utah (Maletz et al., in press).
Clonograptus multiplex (Nicholson). The species was described from Scandinavia and Britain (Lindholm and Maletz, 1989), but numerous specimens of Clonograptus are known to occur in Lower Ordovician successions worldwide, indicating that the genus is a pandemic faunal element. Specimens are usually rare in shallow-water regions, and large forms are found in deeper-water deposits (e.g., C. magnificus; see VandenBerg and Cooper, 1992). At Mount Hunneberg, clonograptids are very rare in the T. phyllograptoides Biozone, but C. multiplex becomes somewhat more common in the C. protobalticus Biozone and is more frequent in the Baltograptus vacillans Biozone.
Expansograptus holmi Törnquist. The species is widely distributed and can be regarded as a pandemic faunal element of the epipelagic biotope. It has originally been described by Törnquist (1901) and was revised by Maletz (1996). Specimens are common in North America (Williams and Stevens, 1988, identified as D. (E.) similis [pars]; Maletz, 1997, Quebec) and South America (Maletz and Egenhoff, 2003; Toro and Brussa, 2003; Egenhoff et al., 2004).
Expansograptus latus T.S. Hall. E. latus was described as D. urbanus by Monsen (1937) from Scandinavia. The species is distributed worldwide, but it has rarely been illustrated.
Dichograptus octobrachiatus. The species is extremely rare in Scandinavia but has been found to be moderately common in western Newfoundland (Williams and Stevens, 1988). It differs from the very similar Loganograptus logani through more robust stipes and the lack of a proximal web structure. Larger specimens of this species are often fragmented.
Holograptus expansus Holm. The species is known from a single specimen found at Mount Hunneberg. The exact level of its origin is uncertain, however. Holograptus specimens are more common in the deep-water sediments of Australasia (Rickards and Chapman, 1991).
Schizograptus rotans Törnquist. Few specimens of Schizograptus are known from Scandinavia. The genus is common in Australasia, indicating a pandemic distribution as a deep-water faunal element. Specimens of the genus have also been described from China and North America, but a specific identification is difficult, as the intraspecific variation is poorly known.
Trichograptus dilaceratus Herrmann. The species is common at a single level in the Mount Hunneberg sections and appears to have a short biostratigraphic range. It has rarely been described, most probably because in fragments it could be easily misinterpreted as a simple sigmagraptine. Its curved main stipes with lateral secondary stipes (Maletz, 1992) should be characteristic and recognizable, however. The presence of other species of Trichograptus in the Australasian successions may indicate its wider distribution and an attribution to the pandemic faunal realm.
Hunnegraptus copiosus Lindholm. The species has recently been found in the Yukon, Canada (Jackson and Lenz, 2000), indicating a worldwide distribution.
Paradelograptus sp. The species of the genus Paradelograptus are generally regarded as pandemic faunal elements. They are worldwide in distribution, even though the slender and delicate small species may have been overlooked frequently and records only recently indicate their wider distribution (see Jackson and Lenz, 2000).
Paradelograptus norvegicus (Monsen). The distribution of this species is uncertain. It has been discovered in the Hunnegraptus copiosus Biozone in Scandinavia and South America. A necessary revision of late Tremadoc Australasian fauna,however, might reveal its presence in this region and a distinctly worldwide distribution.
Paradelograptus smithi. The species is known mostly from Australasia (Harris and Thomas 1938; VandenBerg and Cooper, 1992). A single record outside of Australasia is from Mount Hunneberg (Erdtmann et al., 1987), showing its wider biogeographic distribution.
Goniograptus sp. Goniograptus species are common in Australasia but also occur frequently in the Cow Head Group of western Newfoundland and have been found in Quebec. Very few specimens have ever been recorded from Scandinavia (Jaanusson, 1965; Schmidt-Gündel, 1994) and China (Zhao, 1978).
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