Population
Tranekärr / Dröstorp 1 / Dröstorp 2
Location / 56°35.1’ N 16°31.3’ E / 56°34.8’ N 16°32.9’ E / 56°35.2’ N 16°33.3’ E
Number of quadrats / 9 / 6 / 3
Soil disturbance / Frequent / Frequent / Infrequent
Grazing management / Cattle and sheep / Cattle and sheep / Cattle
Vegetation cover (%)
Total / 48 / 15 / 98
Grasses and sedges / 26 / 11 / 69
Herbs / 5 / 2 / 24
Bryophytes / 17 / 2 / 5
Mean vegetation height (cm) / 4 / 2 / 4
Mean soil depth (cm) / 6 / 5 / 17
Appendix B. Life-history transition matrices for each habitat state and Primula farinosa population. In the matrix models, we considered four stage-classes: seeds, seedlings, vegetative rosettes, and flowering rosettes (Fig. 1). The Tranekärr and Dröstorp 2 populations had six possible habitat states corresponding to year-specific life-history transition 2000 – 2006, whereas the Dröstorp 1 population had four corresponding to 2002 – 2006. Transition probabilities are based on an estimated seed survival of 0.60. See Methods for details.
Appendix C. Habitat transition matrices for the three Primula farinosa populations Tranekärr, Dröstorp 1 and Dröstorp 2 under three different frequencies of drought years. The three habitat categories disturbance (Dist), recovery (Rec), and mature (Mat) are indicated. In simulations, the habitat state represented by the transition 2002-2003 occurred with a probability of 1 / 6 ≈ 0.17, or with a probability that was half that or twice as high. The other transition probabilities were generated based on the number of recovery states observed before any flowering plants appeared after disturbance in each of the three study populations. Habitat states correspond to the life-history transition matrices in Appendix B.
Appendix D. Stochastic elasticity of the three components of regeneration as a function of the modeled frequency of drought years in the Primula farinosa populations Tranekärr, Dröstorp 1, and Dröstorp 2. Seed survival contributed most to regeneration elasticity, and its contribution increased with increasing frequency of drought years. Total regeneration elasticity is the sum of the three other elasticities shown.
Appendix E. Stochastic elasticity of the three components of regeneration as a function of modeled seed survival in the Primula farinosa populations Tranekärr, Dröstorp 1, and Dröstorp 2. The seed survival component contributed most to regeneration elasticity, and its contribution increased with increasing seed survival. Total regeneration elasticity is the sum of the three other elasticities shown.