Appendix A. Carbon data

Table A1. Carbon data (ton C/ha) used in vegetation carbon mapping

Land cover / Above ground / Root / Dead wood / Litter / Total
Primary dryland forest / 234.8a / 43.2b / 22.3c / 7.5d / 307.8
Secondary dryland forest / 210.5e / 39.2b / 20.0c / 6.7d / 276.4
Primary peatland forest / 141.0f / 33.8g / 25.5h / 4.5d / 204.8
Secondary peatland forest / 126.0i / 30.2g / 22.8h / 4.0d / 183.0
Primary mangrove forest / 124.3j / 18.1j / 18.6j / n.a. / 161
Secondary mangrove forest / 118.3k / 17.2l / 17.7m / n.a. / 153.2
Plantation forest / 91.2n / 18.2g / n.a. / 2.9d / 112.3
Savannah / 10o / 2g / n.a. / n.a. / 12
Oil palm / 42.5p / 8t / n.a. / n.a. / 50.5
Crop /rice / 4.8q / 1.0g / n.a. / n.a. / 5.8
Settlement / 5r / 1g / n.a. / n.a. / 6
River/lake / 0.1 r / n.a. / n.a. / n.a. / 0.1
Bare/Imperata / 3.6 u / 4u / n.a. / n.a. / 7.6
Jakaw (vegetation after shifting cultivation) / 38.7 q / 7.7g / 3.7c / 1.2d / 51.3
Shrub / 19.4s / 3.9g / 1.8 c / 0.6 d / 25.7
Agroforestry / 55.1 q / 11.0g / 5.2 c / 1.8 d / 73.1

Notes: All values have been rounded

a Darmawan and Siregar (2009) as reviewed by Masripatin et al. (2010). b Estimated from above ground carbon based on the allometric equation from Chairns et al. (2007). c Estimated from above ground carbon based on the ratio from Yoneda et al. (1990) as reviewed by Verwer and van der Meer (2010). d Estimated from above ground carbon based on the average ratio from Delaney et al. (1997) and Brown et al., (1995) as reviewed by Verwer and van der Meer (2010). eDarmawan et al (2010) as reviewed by Masripatin et al. (2010). f The average from Waldes and Page (2002); Murdiyarso et al. (2009); MoFor (2008); Istomo et al. (2006); and Petrova et al. (2008) as reviewed by Verwer and van der Meer (2010). g Estimated from above ground carbon based on the ratio from GOFC-Gold (2009) as reviewed by Verwer and van der Meer (2010). h Estimated from above ground carbon based on the average ratio from Clark et al., 2002; Yoneda et al., 1990; Chambers et al., 2004; Brown et al., 1995; Pyle et al., 2008; Rice et al., 2004; Keller et al., 2004; and Palace et al., 2008 as reviewed by Verwer and van der Meer (2010). i Rochmayanto (2009) as reviewed by Masripatin et al. (2010). J Murdiyarso et al. (2009). k The average from Darmawan and Siregar (2009), Darmawan and Siregar (2008), reviewed by Masripatin et al., (2010). l Estimated from above ground carbon based on the ratio from Murdiyarso (2009). m Estimated from above ground carbon based on the ratio from Murdiyarso (2009). n Gintings (1997) as reviewed by Masripatin et al. (2010). o Peace, 2007 reviewed by Masripatin et al. (2010). pKhalid et al. (1999a). q Rahayu et al. (2003). r Amthor et al. (1998). s Lusiana (2005) as reviewed by Masripatin et al. (2010). t Khalid et al. (1999b). u Syahrinudin (2005).

Table A2. Carbon data used in soil carbon mapping

Dryland/
Peatland / Depth / Soil types / Carbon (ton C/ha)
Dryland / n.a. / Soil under primary forest / 37.2a
n.a. / Soil under secondary forest / 43.0 a
n.a. / Soil under grass/imperata / 43.1 a
n.a. / others / 43.1b
Mangrove / n.a. / Soil under mangrove / 1059.2c
Peatland / < 50 / hemist/mineral / 26.6d
50-100 / hemist/fibrist / 295.3 d
hemist/fibrist/mineral / 231.8 d
hemist/mineral / 166.0d
hemist/saprist/mineral / 349.0 d
saprist/mineral / 105.3 d
100-200 / hemist/fibrist / 656.1 d
hemist/fibrist/saprist / 990.8 d
200-400 / hemist/fibrist / 1158.3d
400-800 / hemist/fibrist / 4638.3 d
800-1200 / hemist/fibrist / 7730.5 d

Notes: All values have been rounded

a Van der Kamp et al. (2009). b Referred to grass. cMurdiyarso et al. (2009). d Wetland International (2004)

Table A3. Carbon data used in carbon sequestration mapping

Land cover / Net carbon flux; + indicates sequestration, - is emission (ton C/ha/year) / Sources
Mangrove / 8.5a / Komiyama (2006)
Primary dipterocarps forest (protected forest) / 0.8 a / Hirata et al. (2008)
Primary dipterocarps forest (production forest) / 0.6 a b / Hirata et al. (2008)
Secondary dipterocarps forest/tropical rain forest (protected forest) / 4.0 a / Luyssaert et al. (2007); Hirata et al. (2008); Saigusa et al. (2008)
Secondary dipterocarps forest/tropical rain forest (production forest) / 3.7 a b / Luyssaert et al. (2007); Hirata et al. (2008); Saigusa et al. (2008)
Drained peat swamp forest (protected forest) / -4.3c / Hirano et al.(2007)
Drained peat swamp forest (production forest) / -4.6b c / Hirano et al. (2007)
Primary peat swamp forest (protected forest) / 5.3 a / Suzuki et al. (1999)
Oil palm on mineral soil / -7.2d / Germer and Sauerborn (2008)
Oil palm on peat soil / -23.2e / Hooijer et al. (2006); Hooijer et al. (2010)
Grassland (imperata) / -0.4 a / Sanchez (2000)
Complex agroforest / 2 a / Sanchez (2000) f
Crops on mineral soil / 2 a / Sanchez (2000) f
Crops on drained peatland / -13 a / Hooijer et al., 2010
Shrubs on drained peatland / -4.1 a / Hooijer et al. (2006)

Notes: All values have been rounded

a based on Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) estimates; b wood harvest is considered using a wood density of 0.6 g/cm3 (Saner et al., 2012); c net emissions depend on the drainage depth that varies strongly for the individual peat land areas. The figure of -4.33 conservatively assumes a modest drainage of less than 10 cm; d from conversion of forest with burning, not considering the carbon emission from forest clearing; e assuming a drainage of 90 cm in oil palm plantations in line with observed, general practices in Kalimantan. f conservative, low estimate in view of frequent occurrence of fires in Central Kalimantan.

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