Appendix 1. List of panel members*

Conflicts of interest disclosed
Co-chairs
APS: Debra B. Gordon, RN-BC, MS, DNP, ACNS-BC, FAAN / Received consultant fees from Advisory Boards from Zogenix, Pacira, and Janssen.
ASA: Oscar A. de Leon-Casasola, MD / No conflicts disclosed.
VA/DOD: Jack M. Rosenberg, MD / No conflicts disclosed.
Panel members
Stephen Bickler, MD, FACS, FAAP / No conflicts disclosed.
Tim Brennan, PhD, MD / No conflicts disclosed.
LTC Todd Carter, MD, USAF, MC, SFS / No conflicts disclosed.
Carla L. Cassidy, ANP, MSN
Eva Hall Chittenden, MD / No conflicts disclosed.
COL Ernest Degenhardt, RN, NP / No conflicts disclosed.
MAJ Scott Griffith, MD / No conflicts disclosed.
Renee Manworren, PhD, APRN, PCNS-BC / No conflicts disclosed.
Bill McCarberg, MD / Consultant for Pfizer, Zogenix, Collegium, Millennium, Mallinckrodt, Inspirion, Salix, Takeda, Depomed, Janssen, and Kaleo.
Shareholder or other equity interest in Johnson and Johnson, Protein Design Labs, BiospecificsTechnolgies, Nektar Therapeutics, and Galena.
Robert Montgomery, ND, RN-BC, ACNS-BC / Received consultant fees from Mallinckrodt.
Jamie Murphy, MD / No conflicts disclosed.
Melissa F. Perkal, MD / No conflicts disclosed.
Kathleen Sluka, PhD, PT / Received research grants from Medtronic, Inc. and Gruenenthal
Consultant for DJO, Inc. and Bayer
Book royalties from IASP Press
Volunteers as Secretary, American Pain Society and Program Committee, Terminology Task Force, Endorsements task force – all for International Association for the Study of Pain
Scott Strassels, PharmD, PhD, BCPS / Shareholder or other equity interest in Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals.
Employed by Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals.
Please note: participation on the Postoperative panel was before he took the new position at Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals
Santhanam Suresh, MD, FAAP / No conflicts disclosed.
Richard Thirlby, MD, FACS / No conflicts disclosed.
Eugene Viscusi, MD / Received speaker’s compensation from AcelRx; Cadence; Pacira; Cubist; and Astra Zeneca.
Received consultant fees from Mallinckrodt; Trevena; and Pacira.
Volunteers on Board of Directors, American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
Gary A. Walco, PhD / Received consultant fees from Pfizer
Volunteers as President, Special Interest Group on Pain in Childhood (IASP); no perceived conflict and as Chair, Pediatric Research Network for Pain, no perceived conflict.
Lisa Warner, RN / No conflicts disclosed.
Steven J. Weisman, MD / Received research grant or support from Purdue Pharma between 2011-2014 and Cadence Pharmaceuticals (Mallinckrodt).
Received consultant fees from Baxter on 7/23/2012, Johnson and Johnson between 2012-14, and Purdue Pharma between 2011-2012.
Shareholder or other equity interest, as part of a retirement portfolio (independently managed by a portfolio manager), owns stock in Johnson and Johnson.
Volunteer on Executive Committee PRN_Pain.
Christopher L. Wu, MD / No conflicts disclosed.

Appendix 2. American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guidelines Grading System*

Quality of Evidence / Strength of Recommendation
Benefits Do or Do Not Clearly Outweigh Risks / Benefits and Risks and Burdens are Finely Balanced
High / Strong / Weak
Moderate / Strong / Weak
Low / Strong / Weak
Insufficient evidence to determine net benefits or harms / I
* From the system developed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) workgroup and adapted by the American Pain Society

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