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Appendix 1. Complete list of EPAs describing the anaesthesiology curriculum in the Netherlands

Title / Description
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of the adult patient / Team membership and leadership in cardiopulmonary resuscitation of the adult patient, inside and outside the hospital.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of the paediatric patient / Team membership and leadership in cardiopulmonary resuscitation of the pediatric patient, inside and outside the hospital.
Epidural and spinal anaesthesia / Informing the patient and determining the indicated treatment. Executing the indicated treatment and providing aftercare regarding epidural and spinal analgesia/anesthesia.
Interviewing the patient / Interviewing the patient or his representatives regarding (among others) complications, not resuscitate policy, and bad news messages.
Management of acute pain / Prevention, recognition, treatment and aftercare for various forms of acute pain.
Management of chronic pain / Prevention, recognition, treatment and aftercare for various forms of benign chronic pain.
Management of massive blood loss / Prevention, recognition, diagnosing and treatment of massive blood loss in adult and pediatric patients, in different circumstances.
Management of oncological pain and palliative care / Prevention, recognition, treatment and aftercare for various forms of pain with oncologic cause. Palliative care according to current medical and legal guidelines.
Management of the difficult airway / Recognition of the (possible) difficult airway, preparation of the anesthetic technics, and perioperative and acute anesthetic care for the patient involved.
Obtain central venous access / Informing the patient and determining the indicated treatment. Executing the indicated treatment and providing aftercare regarding aspects of central venous access under local anesthesia inside or outside the OR complex.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for abdominal vascular surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for the patient undergoing abdominal vascular surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for ASA I-II patients undergoing high risk surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for ASA I-II patients undergoing high risk surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for ASA III patients undergoing high risk surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for ASA III patients undergoing high risk surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for ASA I-II patients undergoing low to medium risk surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for ASA I-II patients undergoing low to medium risk surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for ASA III patients undergoing low to medium risk surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for ASA III patients undergoing low to medium risk surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for ASA IV patients undergoing low to medium risk surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for ASA IV patients undergoing low to medium risk surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for ASA IV-V patients undergoing high risk surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for ASA IV-V patients undergoing high risk surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for caesarean section / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for the patient undergoing a caesarean section.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for children between one and four years old / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for the pediatric patient between one and four years old undergoing surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for children over four years of age / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for the pediatric patient older than 4 years old undergoing surgery
Perioperative anaesthetic care for coronary artery bypass grafting and valve surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for the patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and non-complex cardiac valve surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for day care surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for patients undergoing surgery in daycare.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for head and neck surgery, excluding neurosurgery and vascular surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for the patient undergoing major head and neck surgery, with the exception of neurosurgery and vascular surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for infants up to the age of one year / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for the pediatric patient up to the age of one year undergoing surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for laparoscopic surgery in day care / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in daycare.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for laryngotracheobronchoscopy in adults and children / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for adult and pediatric patients undergoing laryngotracheobronchoscopy.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for non-vascular abdominal surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for patients undergoing abdominal surgery, with the exception of vascular surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for peripheral vascular surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for prosthetic and osteosynthetic surgery of the knee or hip / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for patients undergoing prosthetic and osteosynthetic surgery of the knee or hip.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for pulmonary surgery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for the patient undergoing pulmonary surgery.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for situations of a shared airway with the surgical team / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for adult and pediatric patients undergoing an intervention with a shared airway with the surgical team.
Perioperative anaesthetic care for vascular surgery of the Carotid artery / Preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative anesthetic care for the patient undergoing vascular surgery of the carotid artery.
Peripartum pain management / Informing the patient and determining the indicated treatment. Executing the indicated treatment, and providing aftercare regarding aspects of pain relief during labor.
Peripheral nerve block / Informing the patient and determining the indicated treatment. Executing the indicated treatment and providing aftercare regarding aspects of the most commonly used peripheral nerve blockades for anesthesia of the torso, upper and lower extremities.
Post-acute and long-term intensive care / Post-acute and long-term daily care of the adult patient admitted to the intensive care ward. Including diagnostics and treatment of intercurrent problems and communication with relevant healthcare providers and family of the patient.
Postoperative care during the recovery period / Postoperative care at the recovery unit, determining the indicated postoperative treatment, recognition and treatment of complications, identifying and arranging the appropriate discharge ward, for patient of all ages.
Postoperative intensive care after (cardiac) surgery in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) / Informing the patient and determining the indicated postoperative treatment. Executing the indicated treatment, recognition and treatment of complications. Identifying and arranging the appropriate discharge ward of adult patients on post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after (cardio-) surgery.
Preoperative assessment / Preoperative screening and designing a tailored anesthetic management plan at the preoperative outpatient clinic and at the hospital ward.
Resuscitation and admission of the adult patient in need of intensive care / Resuscitation and determination of the indicated treatment of the adult patient in need of intensive care. Transportation of the patient according to current guidelines. Executing the indicated treatment, and providing aftercare regarding the admission of the patient to the intensive care ward.
Resuscitation and treatment of sepsis in the intensive care unit / Recognition, resuscitation and treatment of sepsis according to the current guidelines in the adult patient in need of intensive care or already admitted to the intensive care ward.
Resuscitation of the acutely ill paediatric patient / Primary survey, resuscitation and stabilization of the acute ill pediatric patient in life-threatening condition. Transportation of the pediatric patient conform current guidelines.
Resuscitation of the adult multiple trauma patient in the Emergency Room / Resuscitation of the adult trauma patient in the Emergency Room. Active participation in the trauma team. Assessment and control of vital parameters. Transportation of the patient conform current guidelines. Pain management in trauma patients.
Science and evidence based medicine / Constructing an answer, according to Evidence Based Medicine guidelines, for a clinical issue. Communicating this knowledge to college’s, other healthcare providers and the general public.
Sedation for medical interventions and examinations / Providing light, intermediate, and deep sedation according to current guidelines during medical interventions and examinations in adult and pediatric patients. Acting as supervisor or consulting specialist during sedation provided by other healthcare providers.
Ventilation on the intensive care unit / Starting, maintaining and optimizing, and ending invasive and non-invasive ventilation of the adult patient admitted to the intensive care ward.

Wisman-Zwarter et al. Defining the learning outcomes of anaesthesiology training into Entrustable Professional Activities. A Delphi Study.