Appendix 1-7
Appendix 1-6: Vegetation parameters of different vegetation types
[Abbreviations: D = Density, F = Percent frequency, BA = Basal area, IVI = Importance Value Index: IVI is the sum of relative density, relative frequency and relative basal area or relative dominance]
Appendix 1. Tropical broad-leaved drought deciduous forests (DECI)
Species / Mature trees / Saplings / SeedlingsD / F / BA / IVI / D / F / BA / IVI / D / F / IVI
Alangium salvifolium / 0.89 / 5.33 / 1006.3 / 2.4 / 1.63 / 6.67 / 37.87 / 7.05 / - / - / -
Albizia lebbeck / 0.15 / 1.33 / 11.39 / 0.43 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Albizia odoratissima / 0.15 / 1.33 / 252.63 / 0.54 / - / - / - / - / - / -
Alstonia scholaris / 0.15 / 1.33 / 200.3 / 0.52 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Anogeissus latifolia / 0.74 / 2.67 / 2445.14 / 2.26 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Neolamarckia cadamba / - / - / - / - / 0.15 / 1.33 / 1.19 / 0.73 / - / - / -
Antidesma acidum / - / - / - / - / 0.15 / 1.33 / 1.43 / 0.74 / - / - / -
Artocarpus gomezianus / 0.15 / 1.33 / 73.97 / 0.46 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Artocarpus hirsutus / 0.15 / 1.33 / 42.67 / 0.45 / 0.15 / 1.33 / 2.67 / 0.79 / - / - / -
Bambusa bambos / 1.63 / 6.67 / 10575.11 / 7.38 / 0.15 / 1.33 / 3.43 / 0.82 / 1500 / 6.67 / 6.25
Bauhinia malabarica / 0.3 / 2.67 / 59.85 / 0.91 / - / - / - / - / 333.33 / 3.33 / 2.32
Bauhinia racemosa / 0.15 / 1.33 / 13.7 / 0.44 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Bombax ceiba / 0.3 / 2.67 / 163.67 / 0.95 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Briedelia airy-shawii / 0.3 / 2.67 / 274.25 / 1 / 0.15 / 1.33 / 6.27 / 0.94 / 4666.67 / 8.33 / 13.2
Butea monosperma / 0.3 / 1.33 / 108.56 / 0.6 / 0.3 / 2.67 / 6.85 / 1.64 / 666.67 / 3.33 / 2.97
Callicarpa tomentosa / - / - / - / - / 0.15 / 1.33 / 2 / 0.76 / - / - / -
Calycopteris floribunda / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 1166.67 / 1.67 / 3.09
Careya arborea / 1.19 / 4 / 760.33 / 2.2 / 0.3 / 2.67 / 4.86 / 1.56 / 1333.33 / 11.67 / 8.45
Cassia fistula / 0.74 / 6.67 / 980.9 / 2.6 / 0.3 / 2.67 / 8.12 / 1.7 / - / - / -
Catunaregam spinosa / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 1666.67 / 11.67 / 9.1
Cipadessa baccifera / 0.3 / 1.33 / 28.22 / 0.56 / 0.15 / 1.33 / 6.83 / 0.96 / - / - / -
Clausena austroindica / 0.15 / 1.33 / 17.11 / 0.44 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Cleistanthus collinus / 0.3 / 1.33 / 196.42 / 0.63 / 0.59 / 2.67 / 17.41 / 2.76 / 1000 / 1.67 / 2.77
Cordia wallichii / 0.59 / 4 / 573.07 / 1.67 / 0.74 / 6.67 / 31.55 / 4.62 / - / - / -
Cleodendrum viscosum / - / - / - / - / 1.33 / 13.7 / 0.44
Dalbergia latifolia / 5.33 / 21.33 / 3683.09 / 10.79 / 2.96 / 17.78 / 86.61 / 13.84 / 1500 / 6.67 / 6.25
Dalbergia sissoides / 1.19 / 8 / 1857.39 / 3.65 / - / - / - / - / 666.67 / 3.33 / 2.97
Dalbergia sp / 0.15 / 1.33 / 288.43 / 0.55 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Dillenia pentagyna / 2.52 / 14.67 / 2940.92 / 6.73 / 0.49 / 4.44 / 20.11 / 3.02 / 500 / 3.33 / 2.64
Elaeagnus indica / - / - / - / - / 0.25 / 2.22 / 9.56 / 1.5 / - / - / -
Ficus nervosa / 0.3 / 2.67 / 1316.14 / 1.44 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Grewia tiliifolia / 0.3 / 2.67 / 180.21 / 0.96 / - / - / - / - / 166.67 / 1.67 / 2.16
Haldina cordifolia / 0.15 / 1.33 / 154.03 / 0.5 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Holarrhena pubescens / - / - / - / - / 2.47 / 17.78 / 48.15 / 11.23 / 8833.33 / 30 / 32.16
Holoptelea integrifolia / 0.15 / 1.33 / 98.15 / 0.47 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Hopea parviflora / - / - / - / - / 0.25 / 2.22 / 12.35 / 1.64 / - / - / -
Hydnocarpus pentandra / 12.15 / 20 / 25682.52 / 25.05 / 3.46 / 24.44 / 133.16 / 18.87 / - / - / -
Ixora brachiata / 0.44 / 2.67 / 185.05 / 1.06 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Lagerstroemia hirsuta / 0.44 / 1.33 / 141.18 / 0.71 / 0.49 / 4.44 / 8.79 / 2.46 / 333.33 / 3.33 / 2.32
Lagerstroemia microcarpa / 15.56 / 33.33 / 35070.62 / 34.91 / 1.23 / 8.89 / 31.47 / 5.98 / - / - / -
Macaranga peltata / 0.3 / 2.67 / 434.35 / 1.07 / 0.74 / 4.44 / 22.2 / 3.49 / - / - / -
Mallotus philippensis / 1.04 / 6.67 / 693.32 / 2.71 / 0.49 / 4.44 / 7.29 / 2.38 / - / - / -
Cleidion javanicum / 0.44 / 2.67 / 75.89 / 1.01 / 0.25 / 2.22 / 7.13 / 1.38 / - / - / -
Melia azedarach / 0.44 / 2.67 / 573.18 / 1.23 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Miliusa tomentosa / 1.33 / 6.67 / 1970.51 / 3.46 / - / - / - / - / 500 / 3.33 / 2.64
Mitragyna parvifolia / 0.3 / 2.67 / 150.1 / 0.94 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Naringi crenulata / 0.15 / 1.33 / 12.14 / 0.44 / 0.25 / 2.22 / 7.13 / 1.38 / 166.67 / 1.67 / 1.16
Persea macrantha / - / - / - / - / 0.99 / 6.67 / 16.65 / 4.23 / 166.67 / 1.67 / 1.16
Phyllanthus emblica / 0.15 / 1.33 / 83.63 / 0.47 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Polyalthia fragrans / 1.04 / 5.33 / 884.63 / 2.47 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Pterocarpus marsupium / 1.04 / 8 / 4967.48 / 4.87 / 0.49 / 4.44 / 19.75 / 3.01 / 666.67 / 5 / 3.81
Radermachera xylocarpa / 1.33 / 8 / 1536.72 / 3.61 / 0.99 / 4.44 / 11.99 / 3.33 / 3500 / 16.67 / 15.15
Sapindus trifoliata / 0.3 / 2.67 / 78.8 / 0.91 / 0.25 / 2.22 / 11.38 / 1.59 / 166.67 / 1.67 / 1.16
Schleichera oleosa / 0.89 / 6.67 / 793.13 / 2.63 / 0.74 / 6.67 / 25.3 / 4.31 / 1166.67 / 6.67 / 5.61
Spatholobus parviflorus / - / - / - / - / 0.25 / 2.22 / 16.61 / 1.85 / - / - / -
Spondias pinnata / 0.15 / 1.33 / 303.41 / 0.56 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Sterculia guttata / 0.44 / 4 / 546.72 / 1.53 / 1.73 / 8.89 / 43.24 / 7.28 / 333.33 / 3.33 / 2.32
Sterospermum colais / 3.56 / 18.67 / 11141.01 / 12.02 / 1.73 / 8.89 / 39.11 / 7.07 / 3000 / 8.33 / 9.99
Streblus asper / 0.3 / 2.67 / 111.74 / 0.93 / 0.49 / 4.44 / 28.84 / 3.46 / - / - / -
Strychnos nux-vomica / 0.74 / 5.33 / 1149.87 / 2.35 / 1.48 / 4.44 / 27.44 / 4.8 / 1000 / 3.33 / 3.61
Tabernaemontana alternifolia / - / - / - / - / 0.25 / 2.22 / 9.56 / 1.5 / 1833.33 / 1.67 / 4.38
Tamilnadia uliginosa / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 333.33 / 3.33 / 2.32
Tectona grandis / 3.7 / 20 / 5369.52 / 9.96 / 0.99 / 4.44 / 19.08 / 3.68 / 333.33 / 3.33 / 2.32
Terminalia elliptica / 5.33 / 17.33 / 12497.87 / 13.6 / - / - / - / - / 1333.33 / 1.67 / 3.41
Terminalia bellirica / 0.44 / 2.67 / 3433.29 / 2.45 / 0.25 / 2.22 / 7.9 / 1.41 / 1833.33 / 8.33 / 7.74
Terminalia paniculata / 22.81 / 53.33 / 62390.76 / 56.96 / 5.19 / 35.56 / 134.04 / 24.71 / 333.33 / 1.67 / 1.48
Tetrameles nudiflora / 1.19 / 6.67 / 3449.97 / 4 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Vitex altissima / 0.3 / 2.67 / 43.85 / 0.9 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Wrightia tinctoria / 10.81 / 18.67 / 3169.39 / 14.07 / 8.64 / 28.89 / 371.95 / 39.45 / 166.67 / 2.67 / 1.16
Xylia xylocarpa / 25.93 / 33.33 / 27793.89 / 39.62 / 22.96 / 46.67 / 569.02 / 74.89 / 3166.67 / 10 / 11.15
Zizyphus xylopyrus / 0.15 / 1.33 / 17.11 / 0.44 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Total / 132.44 / - / 233250.5 / 300 / 65.66 / - / 2004.69 / 300 / 4433 / - / 200
Appendix 2. Tropical broad-leaved drought deciduous woodlands (WOOD)
Species / Mature trees / Saplings / SeedlingsD / PF / BA / IVI / D / PF / BA / IVI / D / PF / IVI
Acronychia pedunculata / 1.59 / 14.29 / 420.13 / 24 / 0.79 / 7.14 / 12.44 / 8.52 / - / - / -
Actinodaphne lawsonii / 26.67 / 3.33 / 6.27
Actinodaphne malabarica / 0.79 / 7.14 / 185.14 / 11.64 / - / - / - / -
Callicarpa tomentosa / 40 / 10 / 13.82
Cinnomomum sulphuratum / - / - / - / - / 1.59 / 14.29 / 73.14 / 18.78 / - / - / -
Clerodendrum viscosum / - / - / - / - / 2.38 / 21.43 / 48.83 / 25.98 / - / - / -
Diospyros candolleana / 0.79 / 7.14 / 61.02 / 9.93 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Elaeocarpus munronii / 0.79 / 7.14 / 128.57 / 10.86 / 2.38 / 21.43 / 163.93 / 30.11 / 26.67 / 3.33 / 6.27
Ficus microcarpa / - / - / - / - / 0.79 / 7.14 / 53.4 / 9.99 / - / - / -
Erythrina stricta / 0.79 / 7.14 / 82.29 / 10.22 / 1.59 / 14.29 / 49.02 / 17.92 / 80 / 10 / 18.82
Glochidion ellipticum / 2.38 / 21.43 / 296.88 / 31.39 / 2.38 / 7.14 / 45.45 / 11.57 / - / - / -
Glochidion neilgherrensis / 53.33 / 13.33 / 18.43
Gmelina arborea / - / - / - / - / 1.59 / 14.29 / 45.84 / 17.8 / - / - / -
Gnidia glauca / 2.38 / 14.29 / 256.26 / 23.69 / 18.25 / 71.43 / 454.52 / 109.22 / 155 / 20 / 37.65
Holigarna nigra / 0.79 / 7.14 / 514.29 / 16.16 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Hypericum mysurense / - / - / - / - / 4.76 / 35.71 / 44.73 / - / - / -
Litsea floribunda / - / - / - / - / 0.79 / 7.14 / 53.4 / 9.99 / - / - / -
Macaranga peltata / 1.59 / 14.29 / 165.08 / 20.49 / 3.97 / 28.57 / 194.72 / 40.22 / - / - / -
Maesa indica / 0.79 / 7.14 / 91.68 / 10.35 / 0.79 / 7.14 / 53.4 / 9.99 / 40 / 10 / 13.82
Mallotus philippensis / - / - / - / - / 2.38 / 14.29 / 121.52 / 21.45 / - / - / -
Neolitsea cassia / 0.79 / 7.14 / 73.4 / 10.1 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Phyllanthus emblica / 3.17 / 14.29 / 497.27 / 28.96 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Pterocarpus marsupium / 3.17 / 21.43 / 996.38 / 42.96 / 1.59 / 14.29 / 34.86 / 17.41 / 40 / 10 / 13.82
Sapium insigne / 2.38 / 21.43 / 204.31 / 30.12 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Symplocos cochinchinensis / 0.79 / 7.14 / 91.68 / 10.35 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Syzygium benthamianum / 0.79 / 7.14 / 213.59 / 12.03 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Vernonia arborea / - / - / - / - / 0.79 / 7.14 / 49.78 / 9.86 / - / - / -
Wendlandia thyrsoidea / 17.18 / 78.57 / 2707.2 / 153.06 / 36.58 / 78.57 / 1022.36 / 151.69 / 355.52 / 33.33 / 71.08
Total / 38.85 / - / 6985.17 / 300 / 77.76 / - / 2476.61 / 300 / 795 / - / 200
Appendix 3. Tropical lowland broad-leaved semideciduous seasonal forests (SEMI)
Species / Mature trees / Saplings / SeedlingsD / F / BA / IVI / D / F / BA / IVI / D / F / IVI
Acronychia pedunculata / 0.79 / 4.76 / 1102.28 / 0.76 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 698 / 0.79 / - / - / -
Actinodaphne bourdillonii / 3.7 / 23.81 / 1643.3 / 2.92 / 0.79 / 7.14 / 27.2 / 1.36 / 14.55 / 3.64 / 0.77
Agrostistachys borneensis / - / - / - / - / 0.26 / 2.38 / 12.19 / 0.48 / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Alangium salvifolium / 0.53 / 4.76 / 188.36 / 0.5 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 11.19 / 0.48 / - / - / -
Alstonia scholaris / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 29.09 / 1.82 / 0.61
Ancistrocladus heyneanum / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 14.55 / 1.82 / 0.46
Neolamarckia cadamba / 0.26 / 2.38 / 25.93 / 0.24 / - / - / - / - / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Antiaris toxicaria / 1.32 / 9.52 / 1210.26 / 1.25 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 19.05 / 0.56 / 472.73 / 27.27 / 9.48
Apodytes dimidiata / 2.12 / 2.38 / 1067.45 / 0.94 / 4.5 / 23.81 / 175.13 / 6.33 / 174.55 / 9.09 / 3.33
Artocarpus gomezianus / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 72.73 / 7.27 / 1.98
Artocarpus hirsutus / 2.12 / 16.67 / 7829.04 / 3.32 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 7.64 / 0.43 / 80 / 9.09 / 2.36
Baccaurea courtallensis / 4.76 / 26.19 / 967.33 / 3.22 / 7.41 / 26.19 / 204.67 / 8.08 / 254.55 / 20 / 6
Bischofia javanica / 2.12 / 14.29 / 14355.96 / 4.53 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 12.36 / 0.84 / 58.18 / 5.45 / 1.52
Bombax ceiba / 0.79 / 7.14 / 2621.25 / 1.24 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 6.86 / 0.42 / - / - / -
Bombax malabarica / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Callicarpa tomentosa / 0.26 / 2.38 / 397.23 / 0.31 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Calophyllum polyanthum / 4.57 / 21.43 / 9266.86 / 4.22 / 5.54 / 16.67 / 105.98 / 3.87 / 453.52 / 25.45 / 8.72
Canarium strictum / 1.32 / 11.9 / 393.68 / 1.22 / - / - / - / - / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Canthium coromandelicum / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Caryota urens / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 43.64 / 9.09 / 1.99
Cassia fistula / 0.26 / 2.38 / 270.24 / 0.29 / - / - / - / - / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Catunaregam spinosa / 0.26 / 2.38 / 55.05 / 0.24 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Celtis timorensis / 3.17 / 23.81 / 1574.19 / 2.76 / 2.65 / 16.67 / 82.91 / 3.71 / 58.18 / 5.45 / 1.52
Chionanthus mala-elangi / 2.12 / 9.52 / 688.85 / 1.33 / 2.65 / 14.29 / 105.32 / 3.73 / - / - / -
Chrysophyllum roxburghii / 1.32 / 9.52 / 461.02 / 1.08 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 12.19 / 0.48 / - / - / -
Cinnamomum malabatrum / 9.79 / 50 / 7282.54 / 7.46 / 4.76 / 30.95 / 185.81 / 7.32 / 160 / 14.55 / 4.11
Clausena austroindica / 0.53 / 4.76 / 227.72 / 0.51 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 25.44 / 1 / 43.64 / 3.64 / 1.07
Clerodendrum viscosum / - / - / - / - / 0.53 / 4.76 / 20.19 / 0.94 / 21.82 / 3.64 / 0.84
Combretum latifolium / 0.79 / 7.14 / 226.44 / 0.74 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Croton malabaricus / 8.47 / 33.33 / 2003.64 / 4.89 / 3.17 / 23.81 / 102 / 4.86 / - / - / -
Dalbergia latifolia / - / - / - / - / 0.79 / 7.14 / 30.18 / 1.39 / 14.55 / 3.64 / 0.77
Dalbergia sissoides / 1.32 / 11.9 / 7458.23 / 2.71 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 13.23 / 0.49 / - / - / -
Debregeasia ceylanica / 0.26 / 2.38 / 25.93 / 0.24 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 15.43 / 0.52 / 43.64 / 7.27 / 1.68
Debregeasia longifolia / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 14.55 / 3.64 / 0.77
Haldina cordifolia / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 14.55 / 1.82 / 0.46
Dillenia pentagyna / 0.79 / 7.14 / 1566.58 / 1.02 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 14.31 / 0.51 / - / - / -
Dimocarpus longan / 5.03 / 28.57 / 4139.19 / 4.11 / 1.85 / 11.9 / 42.67 / 2.43 / 210.91 / 14.55 / 4.63
Diospyros malabarica / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Diospyros buxifolia / 1.32 / 11.9 / 390.58 / 1.22 / 1.32 / 9.52 / 79.37 / 2.42 / 123.64 / 9.09 / 2.81
Diospyros paniculata / - / - / - / - / - / 2.38 / 38.37 / 1.1 / - / - / -
Diospyros sylvatica / 10.32 / 33.33 / 6491.23 / 6.34 / 9.05 / 35.71 / 308.42 / 11.17 / - / - / -
Drypetes venusta / 13.49 / 42.86 / 20464.22 / 10.75 / 4.23 / 21.43 / 123.56 / 5.28 / 152.73 / 14.55 / 4.04
Drypetes oblongifolia / 10.85 / 21.43 / 3750.52 / 5.11 / 4.23 / 14.29 / 145.78 / 4.82 / 145.45 / 10.91 / 3.34
Dysoxylum malabaricum / 1.59 / 11.9 / 641.79 / 1.34 / 2.12 / 16.67 / 49.5 / 3.11 / 50.91 / 3.64 / 1.14
Elaeocarpus serratus / 0.53 / 4.76 / 609.69 / 0.59 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 19.05 / 0.56 / - / - / -
Elaeocarpus tuberculatus / - / - / - / - / 0.26 / 2.38 / 8.47 / 0.44 / - / - / -
Erythrina stricta / - / - / - / - / 0.26 / 2.38 / 6.12 / 0.41 / - / - / -
Ficus beddomei / 0.53 / 4.76 / 2319.58 / 0.95 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Ficus exasperata / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 14.55 / 1.82 / 0.46
Ficus microcarpa / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 36.36 / 1.82 / 0.68
Ficus nervosa / 0.53 / 4.76 / 7962.43 / 2.13 / - / - / - / - / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Ficus tsjahela / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Flacourtia montana / 1.32 / 11.9 / 553.25 / 1.26 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 5.42 / 0.4 / 116.36 / 12.73 / 3.35
Garcinia gummi-gutta / 0.79 / 7.14 / 1294.86 / 0.96 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 20.49 / 0.94 / 123.64 / 10.91 / 3.12
Garcinia morella / 0.53 / 4.76 / 142.58 / 0.49 / 1.85 / 11.9 / 46.28 / 2.47 / 87.27 / 3.64 / 1.52
Garcinia sp. / 3.17 / 14.29 / 3532.16 / 2.53 / 2.44 / 14.29 / 108.33 / 4.08 / 21.82 / 3.64 / 0.84
Glochidion ellipticum / 0.79 / 7.14 / 219.05 / 0.74 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 3.05 / 0.38 / - / - / -
Glochidion malabaricum / 0.26 / 2.38 / 30.56 / 0.24 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 3.58 / 0.38 / 21.82 / 5.45 / 1.14
Gomphandra tetrandra / - / - / - / - / 2.12 / 11.9 / 48.15 / 2.6 / - / - / -
Grewia tiliifolia / 0.53 / 4.76 / 1089.54 / 0.69 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Grewia umbellifera / 0.26 / 2.38 / 23.05 / 0.23 / - / - / - / - / 21.82 / 1.82 / 0.53
Harpullia arborea / 1.32 / 11.9 / 1870.52 / 1.53 / 1.32 / 9.52 / 61.83 / 2.21 / - / - / -
Holigarna arnottiana / 1.06 / 2.38 / 237.25 / 0.49 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Holigarna beddomei / 0.79 / 7.14 / 2182.96 / 1.15 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 14.39 / 0.87 / 14.55 / 1.82 / 0.46
Holoptelea integrifolia / 0.26 / 2.38 / 32.19 / 0.24 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 5.42 / 0.4 / - / - / -
Hopea parviflora / 0.79 / 7.14 / 2358.86 / 1.19 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 15.43 / 0.52 / 116.36 / 5.45 / 2.11
Hopea ponga / 14.55 / 1.82 / 0.46
Hydnocarpus pentandra / 1.59 / 14.29 / 493.76 / 1.47 / 1.85 / 14.29 / 66.26 / 2.95 / 14.55 / 3.64 / 0.77
Ixora brachiata / 13.23 / 57.14 / 4313.89 / 8.24 / 6.88 / 40.48 / 226.3 / 9.46 / 123.64 / 10.91 / 3.12
Knema attenuata / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 130.91 / 9.09 / 2.88
Lagerstroemia microcarpa / 0.53 / 4.76 / 588.97 / 0.58 / 0.79 / 7.14 / 34.44 / 1.44 / - / - / -
Lannea coromandelica / - / - / - / - / 0.26 / 2.38 / 9.33 / 0.45 / - / - / -
Lepisanthes tetraphylla / 0.26 / 2.38 / 24.47 / 0.24 / - / - / - / - / 130.91 / 9.09 / 2.88
Dendrocnide sinuata / 0.53 / 2.38 / 83.83 / 0.32 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 2.12 / 0.36 / - / - / -
Litsea coriacea / 1.59 / 11.9 / 794.14 / 1.38 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 21.69 / 0.95 / - / - / -
Litsea laevigata / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 21.82 / 5.45 / 1.14
Litsea oleoids / 0.26 / 2.38 / 23.05 / 0.23 / 1.06 / 7.14 / 53.99 / 1.77 / - / - / -
Litsea sp. / 0.26 / 2.38 / 40.97 / 0.24 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 22.62 / 0.96 / 14.55 / 3.64 / 0.77
Macaranga peltata / 2.65 / 21.43 / 1665.34 / 2.48 / 0.79 / 7.14 / 26.77 / 1.35 / 43.64 / 7.27 / 1.68
Madhuca neriifolia / 0.26 / 2.38 / 84 / 0.25 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Mallotus philippensis / 3.17 / 23.81 / 744.1 / 2.59 / 2.91 / 16.67 / 110.54 / 4.37 / 50.91 / 12.73 / 2.68
Mallotus tetracoccus / 0.26 / 2.38 / 482.56 / 0.33 / 0.79 / 7.14 / 26.77 / 1.35 / - / - / -
Mangifera indica / 0.79 / 7.14 / 1999.68 / 1.11 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Margaritaria indica / 0.26 / 2.38 / 48.76 / 0.24 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 13.23 / 0.49 / - / - / -
Mitragyna parvifolia / 2.38 / 11.9 / 960.5 / 1.62 / 2.38 / 16.67 / 93.24 / 3.72 / - / - / -
Myristica beddomei / 8.47 / 30.95 / 6474.07 / 5.67 / 1.85 / 11.9 / 48.26 / 2.49 / 174.55 / 12.73 / 3.95
Naringi crenulata / 8.99 / 21.43 / 3170.28 / 4.49 / 5.82 / 11.9 / 192.99 / 5.75 / 94.55 / 9.09 / 2.51
Neolitsea cassia / 0.53 / 2.38 / 86.1 / 0.32 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Nothopegia beddomei / - / - / - / - / 1.32 / 9.52 / 45.65 / 2.02 / 14.55 / 3.64 / 0.77
Nothopegia racemosa / 1.82 / 0.38 / 23.05 / 0.23 / - / - / - / - / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Olea dioica / 14.02 / 38.1 / 3534.31 / 7.01 / 3.17 / 21.43 / 118.63 / 4.81 / 29.09 / 3.64 / 0.92
Oreocnide integrifolia / 2.65 / 16.67 / 421.8 / 1.9 / 5.03 / 16.67 / 152.25 / 5.45 / 72.73 / 5.45 / 1.67
Orophea erythrocarpa / 0.26 / 2.38 / 21.67 / 0.23 / 0.79 / 7.14 / 21.56 / 1.29 / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Otonephelium stipulaceum / 0.26 / 2.38 / 20.34 / 0.23 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 16.59 / 0.53 / - / - / -
Palaquium ellipticum / 14.24 / 47.62 / 11189.11 / 8.97 / 9.51 / 47.62 / 371.93 / 13.45 / 240 / 14.55 / 4.93
Persea macrantha / 0.79 / 7.14 / 483.52 / 0.79 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 15.77 / 0.88 / 21.82 / 3.64 / 0.84
Polyalthia fragrans / 7.94 / 35.71 / 14091.59 / 7.45 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 15.77 / 0.88 / 167.27 / 14.55 / 4.19
Pongamia pinnata / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 21.82 / 3.64 / 0.84
Prunus zeylanicus / 1.85 / 14.29 / 2666.65 / 2 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 15.45 / 0.88 / 167.27 / 14.55 / 4.19
Pterocarpus marsupium / 0.53 / 4.76 / 3088.28 / 1.11 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 16.59 / 0.53 / - / - / -
Pterospermum diverfolium / 1.06 / 7.14 / 4124.04 / 1.63 / 0.53 / 2.38 / 28.61 / 0.78 / 14.55 / 1.82 / 0.46
Pterospermum rubiginosum / 0.26 / 2.38 / 20.34 / 0.23 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Pterygota alata / 49.52 / 61.9 / 13429.84 / 20.53 / 40.51 / 30.95 / 203.47 / 7.92 / 245.73 / 18.18 / 5.48
Reiwardtiodendron anamallayanum / 30.51 / 30.95 / 77367.38 / 25.79 / 85.24 / 61.9 / 2708.05 / 70.88 / 3578.18 / 32.73 / 42.27
Sapindus trifoliata / 2.65 / 19.05 / 1006.9 / 2.18 / 1.32 / 11.9 / 27.9 / 2.06 / 58.18 / 7.27 / 1.83
Schleichera oleosa / 1.06 / 9.52 / 1058.67 / 1.13 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 3.05 / 0.38 / 72.73 / 5.45 / 1.67
Scolopia crenata / 0.79 / 4.76 / 515.26 / 0.64 / - / - / - / - / 14.55 / 1.82 / 0.46
Aphananthe cuspidata / 2.91 / 21.43 / 9104.86 / 4.12 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 16.59 / 0.53 / 58.18 / 5.45 / 1.52
Spondias indica / 0.53 / 4.76 / 3648.87 / 1.23 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Spondias pinnata / 0.53 / 4.76 / 170.26 / 0.5 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 5.42 / 0.4 / - / - / -
Sterculia guttata / 2.65 / 19.05 / 1586.98 / 2.3 / 1.85 / 16.67 / 46.52 / 2.96 / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Stereospermum colais / 2.91 / 16.67 / 4526.06 / 2.83 / 2.91 / 23.81 / 117.13 / 4.94 / 21.82 / 3.64 / 0.84
Strombosia zeylanica / 16.39 / 33.33 / 11077.43 / 45.26 / 8.26 / 4.78 / 15.41 / 3.21 / 22.56 / 2.85 / 1.56
Symplocos macrophylla / - / - / - / - / 0.26 / 2.38 / 6.12 / 0.41 / - / - / -
Syzygium gardneri / 1.85 / 14.29 / 14120.3 / 4.41 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 10.24 / 0.46 / - / - / -
Syzygium hemisphericum / 1.06 / 7.14 / 3238.1 / 1.44 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Syzygium laetum / 1.85 / 11.9 / 391.98 / 1.36 / 2.38 / 11.9 / 56.55 / 2.8 / 43.64 / 1.82 / 0.76
Terminalia bellirica / 9.79 / 45.24 / 47443.3 / 15.6 / 1.85 / 16.67 / 69.48 / 3.23 / 58.18 / 5.45 / 1.52
Terminalia paniculata / 5.56 / 38.1 / 33280.67 / 11.02 / 1.85 / 7.14 / 54.06 / 2.08 / - / - / -
Tetrameles nudiflora / 0.53 / 4.76 / 157.5 / 0.49 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 12.19 / 0.48 / - / - / -
Toona ciliata / 0.26 / 2.38 / 35.58 / 0.24 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 2.56 / 0.37 / 21.82 / 3.64 / 0.84
Turpinia malabarica / 1.06 / 7.14 / 785.04 / 0.93 / 0.79 / 7.14 / 18.98 / 1.26 / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Vepris bilocularis / 3.44 / 14.29 / 6632.79 / 3.27 / 0.26 / 2.38 / 7.64 / 0.43 / 327.27 / 20 / 6.75
Vitex altissima / 1.59 / 14.29 / 3506.37 / 2.11 / 0.53 / 4.76 / 22.01 / 0.96 / - / - / -
Xanthophyllum arnottianum / 14.29 / 28.57 / 5336.71 / 6.82 / 7.41 / 16.67 / 337.33 / 8.54 / 21.82 / 1.82 / 0.53
Xylia xylocarpa / 19.52 / 59.52 / 33263.81 / 16.53 / 12.85 / 28.57 / 442.51 / 13.57 / 96.85 / 10.91 / 2.75
Zanthoxylum rhetsa / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 7.27 / 1.82 / 0.38
Total / 368.41 / - / 456693.3 / 300 / 250.45 / - / 8991.52 / 300 / 9557.2 / - / 200
Appendix 4. Tropical lowland broad-leaved seasonal evergreen forests (EVER)
Species / Mature trees / Saplings / SeedlingsD / PF / BA / IVI / D / PF / BA / IVI / D / PF / IVI
Acronychia pedunculata / 0.12 / 1.09 / 68.17 / 1.12 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 3.13 / 1.14 / - / - / -
Actinodaphne bourdillonii / 2.05 / 15.22 / 1080.44 / 15.82 / 1.21 / 9.78 / 27.66 / 10.28 / 242.7 / 16.85 / 2.98
Actinodaphne lawsonii / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 94.38 / 10.11 / 1.51
Actinodaphne malabarica / - / - / - / - / 0.24 / 2.17 / 9.66 / 2.3 / - / - / -
Aglaia edulis / 0.6 / 4.35 / 67.29 / 4.47 / 4.23 / 19.57 / 77.52 / 21.17 / 44.94 / 2.25 / 0.46
Agrostistachys borneensis / 71.51 / 39.13 / 21468.75 / 69.36 / 73.55 / 39.13 / 2460.27 / 75.54 / 223.24 / 11.24 / 2.25
Alstonia scholaris / - / - / - / - / 0.12 / 1.09 / 4.68 / 1.16 / - / - / -
Ancistrocladus heyneanus / 0.12 / 1.09 / 9.89 / 1.11 / - / - / - / - / 71.91 / 6.74 / 1.05
Antiaris toxicaria / 0.24 / 2.17 / 1348.76 / 2.48 / - / - / - / - / 139.33 / 10.11 / 1.75
Antidesma menasu / 1.33 / 10.87 / 777.07 / 11.27 / 1.21 / 9.78 / 41.68 / 10.39 / 31.46 / 3.37 / 0.51
Aphanamixis polystachya / 0.12 / 1.09 / 13.95 / 1.11 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 2.17 / 1.14 / - / - / -
Apodytes dimidiata / 5.07 / 6.52 / 2905.61 / 8.04 / 3.14 / 19.57 / 93.51 / 21.04 / 130.34 / 7.87 / 1.49
Artocarpus gomezianus / 0.72 / 4.35 / 1081.59 / 4.7 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Artocarpus heterophyllus / 0.6 / 4.35 / 888.73 / 4.63 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 6.53 / 1.17 / - / - / -
Artocarpus hirsutus / 0.12 / 1.09 / 92.79 / 1.13 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 4.68 / 1.16 / 17.98 / 3.37 / 0.44
Baccaurea courtallensis / 2.66 / 18.48 / 745.82 / 19.13 / 5.56 / 20.65 / 172.33 / 23.3 / 224.72 / 16.85 / 2.88
Bischofia javanica / 0.6 / 5.43 / 6896.49 / 6.86 / 0.36 / 2.17 / 23.43 / 2.44 / 94.38 / 8.99 / 1.4
Syzygium sp. / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 4.49 / 1.12 / 0.13
Calophyllum austroindicum / 0.24 / 2.17 / 27.9 / 2.23 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 6.04 / 1.17 / 71.91 / 4.49 / 0.83
Calophyllum polyanthum / 3.99 / 25 / 21039.01 / 29.8 / 1.45 / 11.96 / 32.75 / 12.56 / 1042.7 / 44.94 / 10.05
Canarium strictum / 2.54 / 20.65 / 2896.78 / 21.69 / 0.97 / 8.7 / 38.09 / 9.22 / 35.96 / 4.49 / 0.64
Caryota urens / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 58.43 / 10.11 / 1.32
Chrysophyllum roxburghii / 0.36 / 2.17 / 630.12 / 2.36 / 0.24 / 2.17 / 10.37 / 2.31 / - / - / -
Cinnamomum malabatrum / 2.42 / 15.22 / 1304.81 / 15.93 / 2.78 / 16.3 / 79.22 / 17.57 / 116.85 / 11.24 / 1.74
Cinnamomum perrottetii / - / - / - / - / 1.57 / 8.7 / 53.95 / 9.49 / - / - / -
Clausena austroindica / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 8.99 / 2.25 / 0.27
Clerodendrum viscosum / 0.24 / 2.17 / 41.2 / 2.23 / 1.21 / 9.78 / 31.14 / 10.31 / 13.48 / 2.25 / 0.29
Combretum latifolium / 0.48 / 3.26 / 346.56 / 3.42 / - / - / - / - / 13.48 / 2.25 / 0.29
Croton malabricus / 4.83 / 22.83 / 2170.68 / 24.17 / 1.69 / 8.7 / 56.2 / 9.53 / 224.72 / 16.85 / 2.88
Cullenia exarillata / 24.15 / 46.74 / 63488.16 / 63.54 / 4.95 / 25 / 142.91 / 27.27 / 206.74 / 12.36 / 2.34
Debregeasia ceylanica / - / - / - / - / - / 1.09 / 5.02 / 1.19 / 71.91 / 6.74 / 1.05
Debregeasia longifolia / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 13.48 / 1.12 / 0.18
Dimocarpus longan / 12.8 / 51.09 / 17944.34 / 56.98 / 7.13 / 20.65 / 199.16 / 23.87 / 323.6 / 25.84 / 4.31
Diospyros buxifolia / 0.12 / 1.09 / 83.57 / 1.13 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 6.04 / 1.17 / - / - / -
Diospyros sylvatica / 0.72 / 5.43 / 619.1 / 5.69 / 0.85 / 3.26 / 25.02 / 3.65 / 206.74 / 12.36 / 2.34
Drypetes venusta / 19.32 / 53.26 / 15724.25 / 59.96 / 11.47 / 48.91 / 337.43 / 54.23 / 269.66 / 25.84 / 4.02
Drypetes oblongifolia / 12.44 / 28.26 / 6725.48 / 31.92 / 9.78 / 20.65 / 284.97 / 25.17 / 229.21 / 17.98 / 3.02
Drypetes wightii / 2.17 / 4.35 / 372.04 / 4.83 / 3.5 / 16.3 / 102.48 / 17.92 / - / - / -
Dysoxylum malabaricum / 1.81 / 14.13 / 5987.43 / 15.62 / 2.9 / 20.65 / 86.14 / 22 / 229.21 / 17.98 / 3.02
Elaeocarpus glandulosus / 0.6 / 5.43 / 474.64 / 5.63 / 1.09 / 7.61 / 37.61 / 8.16 / - / - / -
Elaeocarpus munroniii / 0.36 / 2.17 / 346.56 / 2.31 / 0.36 / 3.26 / 15.79 / 3.47 / - / - / -
Elaeocarpus serratus / 0.24 / 2.17 / 443.49 / 2.31 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Elaeocarpus tuberculatus / 1.09 / 9.78 / 2876.92 / 10.54 / 0.48 / 4.35 / 17.3 / 4.59 / 35.96 / 3.37 / 0.53
Excoecaria robusta / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 76.4 / 6.74 / 1.08
Eugenia thwaitesii / 0.85 / 4.35 / 705.93 / 4.65 / 0.85 / 6.52 / 24.81 / 6.91 / - / - / -
Ficus beddomei / 0.36 / 3.26 / 7166.42 / 4.71 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Ficus nervosa / 0.6 / 5.43 / 464.77 / 5.63 / 0.24 / 2.17 / 11.3 / 2.32 / - / - / -
Flacourtia montana / 0.24 / 1.09 / 533.34 / 1.24 / 0.36 / 3.26 / 16.86 / 3.48 / - / - / -
Garcinia gummi-gutta / 0.72 / 6.52 / 479.99 / 6.75 / 0.72 / 4.35 / 18.12 / 4.66 / 795.51 / 40.45 / 8.29
Garcinia morella / 14.13 / 58.7 / 3915.4 / 62.14 / 27.29 / 72.83 / 847.77 / 85.84 / 620.22 / 37.08 / 7.02
Glochidion ellipticum / 0.6 / 5.43 / 92.13 / 5.56 / 0.36 / 3.26 / 13.38 / 3.45 / - / - / -
Gomphandra tetrandra / 3.86 / 23.91 / 976.35 / 24.83 / 13.16 / 50 / 302.51 / 55.46 / - / - / -
Harpullia arborea / 1.09 / 7.61 / 669.27 / 7.95 / 0.48 / 4.35 / 15.3 / 4.58 / - / - / -
Holigarna arnottiana / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 76.4 / 6.74 / 1.08
Holigarna beddomei / 0.85 / 7.61 / 1534.47 / 8.06 / - / - / - / - / 13.48 / 2.25 / 0.29
Holigarna nigra / 5.68 / 31.52 / 6101.88 / 33.77 / 1.69 / 9.78 / 60.58 / 10.64 / 26.97 / 3.37 / 0.48
Hopea parviflora / 0.24 / 2.17 / 1506.94 / 2.51 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Hydnocarpus alpina / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 130.34 / 12.36 / 1.93
Hydnocarpus pentandra / 1.21 / 5.43 / 964.63 / 5.85 / 0.97 / 5.43 / 25.83 / 5.86 / - / - / -
Ixora brachiata / 0.6 / 4.35 / 170.71 / 4.49 / 0.85 / 4.35 / 29.91 / 4.78 / - / - / -
Knema attenuata / 1.69 / 10.87 / 1703.64 / 11.52 / 1.09 / 8.7 / 38.38 / 9.25 / 229.21 / 17.98 / 3.02
Lagerstroemia microcarpa / 0.24 / 2.17 / 795.91 / 2.37 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Lepisanthes tetraphylla / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 121.35 / 11.24 / 1.77
Laportea crenulata / 0.24 / 2.17 / 25.35 / 2.22 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Litsea bourdillonii / 1.33 / 11.96 / 3588.96 / 12.9 / 0.85 / 6.52 / 33.09 / 6.97 / - / - / -
Litsea coriacea / 2.42 / 14.13 / 1150.05 / 14.81 / 3.86 / 21.74 / 121.89 / 23.59 / 26.97 / 2.25 / 0.36
Litsea oleoides / 5.31 / 22.83 / 2490.36 / 24.32 / 3.62 / 13.04 / 115.14 / 14.79 / 193.26 / 17.98 / 2.82
Litsea stocksii / 3.99 / 14.13 / 1100.32 / 15.1 / 5.31 / 14.13 / 176.16 / 16.75 / - / - / -
Luvunga eleutherandra / - / - / - / - / 0.24 / 2.17 / 10.09 / 2.31 / - / - / -
Macaranga peltata / 1.33 / 7.61 / 669.39 / 7.99 / 0.48 / 4.35 / 24.17 / 4.64 / 17.98 / 3.37 / 0.44
Mallotus philippensis / 0.72 / 6.52 / 278.34 / 6.71 / - / - / - / - / 26.97 / 5.62 / 0.7
Mangifera indica / 1.33 / 11.96 / 4428.5 / 13.06 / - / - / - / - / 4.49 / 1.12 / 0.13
Margariteria indica / 0.36 / 2.17 / 123.19 / 2.26 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Meliosma pinnata / 0.12 / 1.09 / 85.37 / 1.13 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Memecylon lawsonii / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 40.45 / 4.49 / 0.67
Mesua ferrea / 4.83 / 23.91 / 12052.9 / 27.15 / 0.48 / 2.17 / 19.22 / 2.43 / 346.07 / 17.98 / 3.64
Myristica beddomei / 39.65 / 88.04 / 34129.71 / 102.85 / 27.69 / 75 / 841.6 / 87.56 / 573.64 / 35.96 / 6.4
Neolitsea cassia / 2.9 / 19.57 / 1326.2 / 20.37 / 2.29 / 15.22 / 93.32 / 16.48 / - / - / -
Neolitsea scrobiculata / 0.12 / 1.09 / 51.49 / 1.12 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 0.97 / 1.13 / 85.39 / 5.62 / 1.02
Nothopegia beddomei / 0.36 / 3.26 / 166.45 / 3.36 / 0.85 / 7.61 / 20 / 7.96 / 125.84 / 14.61 / 2.13
Nothopegia racemosa / 0.24 / 2.17 / 504.77 / 2.32 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 3.13 / 1.14 / 4.49 / 1.12 / 0.13
Olea dioica / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 4.49 / 1.12 / 0.13
Oreocnide integrifolia / 5.07 / 23.91 / 1112.14 / 25.08 / 5.43 / 25 / 197.01 / 27.81 / 53.93 / 3.37 / 0.63
Orophea uniflora / - / - / - / - / 0.12 / 1.09 / 2.17 / 1.14 / - / - / -
Oroxylum indicum / 0.12 / 1.09 / 16.24 / 1.11 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Otonephelium stipulaceum / 0.36 / 3.26 / 100.35 / 3.35 / 0.97 / 3.26 / 27.92 / 3.7 / 148.31 / 11.24 / 1.91
Palaquium ellipticum / 93.64 / 98.91 / 125850.42 / 142.01 / 38.75 / 90.22 / 1317.24 / 110.51 / 4136.25 / 62.92 / 27.98
Persea macrantha / 0.97 / 7.61 / 1301.01 / 8.04 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 0.97 / 1.13 / 107.87 / 10.11 / 1.59
Pheobe lanceolata / - / - / - / - / 0.12 / 1.09 / 0.97 / 1.13 / - / - / -
Pinanga dicksonii / - / - / - / - / 5.68 / 2.17 / 87.19 / 4.2 / 76.4 / 7.87 / 1.2
Polyalthia fragrans / 2.9 / 20.65 / 2028.9 / 21.59 / 2.29 / 15.22 / 78.5 / 16.37 / 202.25 / 11.24 / 2.2
Pongamia pinnata / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 17.98 / 1.12 / 0.21
Prunus zeylanicus / 1.45 / 11.96 / 1852.58 / 12.6 / 0.6 / 5.43 / 17.26 / 5.7 / 40.45 / 5.62 / 0.78
Psychotria nigra / 0.24 / 2.17 / 33.09 / 2.23 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Pterospermum diversifolium / 0.24 / 2.17 / 301.95 / 2.28 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 4.68 / 1.16 / - / - / -
Pterygota alata / 1.69 / 6.52 / 1505.68 / 7.13 / 2.05 / 8.7 / 53.71 / 9.6 / 152.81 / 10.11 / 1.83
Reinwardtiodendron anamalaiense / 28.45 / 48.91 / 10705.21 / 57.08 / 56.16 / 50 / 1611.83 / 75.27 / 1636.84 / 15.73 / 10.8
Sapindus trifoliata / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 130.34 / 13.48 / 2.05
Scolopia crenata / 0.24 / 2.17 / 23.04 / 2.22 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 8.7 / 1.19 / 112.36 / 7.87 / 1.39
Aphananthe cuspidata / 2.29 / 15.22 / 5603.97 / 16.74 / 0.36 / 3.26 / 14.34 / 3.46 / 58.43 / 3.37 / 0.65
Spondias indica / 0.12 / 1.09 / 306.13 / 1.17 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Sterculia guttata / 0.48 / 4.35 / 162.35 / 4.47 / - / - / - / - / 4.49 / 1.12 / 0.13
Strombosia ceylanica / 4.35 / 15.22 / 2822 / 16.59 / - / - / - / - / 139.33 / 8.99 / 1.64
Symplocos cochinchinensis / - / - / - / - / 1.21 / 5.43 / 32.81 / 5.97 / 71.91 / 5.62 / 0.94
Symplocos alpina / 0.12 / 1.09 / 9.89 / 1.11 / - / - / - / - / 4.49 / 1.12 / 0.13
Syzygium benthamianum / 0.72 / 5.43 / 2048.06 / 5.96 / 0.24 / 2.17 / 6.07 / 2.28 / 26.97 / 2.25 / 0.36
Syzygium cumini / 0.48 / 4.35 / 65.94 / 4.45 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 3.13 / 1.14 / 22.47 / 2.25 / 0.34
Syzygium gardneri / 2.54 / 18.48 / 7507.04 / 20.4 / 0.6 / 5.43 / 23.44 / 5.75 / 112.36 / 10.11 / 1.61
Syzygium hemisphericum / 0.97 / 8.7 / 5229.41 / 9.88 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 3.49 / 1.15 / - / - / -
Syzygium laetum / 7.85 / 35.87 / 3097.94 / 37.96 / 18.72 / 55.43 / 572.45 / 64.29 / 269.66 / 17.98 / 3.23
Syzygium lanceolatum / 0.24 / 1.09 / 53.34 / 1.15 / - / - / - / - / 13.48 / 1.12 / 0.18
Tabernaemontana alternifolia / 0.12 / 1.09 / 29.23 / 1.12 / - / - / - / - / 134.83 / 11.24 / 1.84
Terminalia bellirica / 1.45 / 13.04 / 21208.48 / 17.39 / 0.12 / 1.09 / 1.39 / 1.13 / 8.99 / 1.12 / 0.16
Terminalia paniculata / 0.36 / 2.17 / 2599.46 / 2.74 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Tetrameles nudiflora / - / - / - / - / 0.12 / 1.09 / 4.68 / 1.16 / - / - / -
Toona ciliata / 0.36 / 3.26 / 3654.11 / 4.03 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Turpinia malabarica / 2.29 / 15.22 / 1175.68 / 15.89 / - / - / - / - / 44.94 / 2.25 / 0.46
Neanotis monosperma / 1.81 / 5.43 / 563.1 / 5.88 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Vepris bilocularis / 1.09 / 8.7 / 1161.4 / 9.13 / 0.24 / 2.17 / 4.3 / 2.26 / 220.22 / 14.61 / 2.64
Vernonia arborea / 0.12 / 1.09 / 158.3 / 1.14 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Vitex altissima / - / - / - / - / 0.36 / 2.17 / 7.53 / 2.32 / - / - / -
Xanthophyllum arnottianum / 29.23 / 63.04 / 6869.23 / 69.92 / 22.58 / 66.3 / 907.9 / 78.64 / 462.92 / 33.71 / 5.83
Total / 485.92 / - / 480097.2 / 300 / 393.91 / - / 12348.09 / 300 / 16395.48 / - / 200
Appendix 5.Tropical broad-leaved evergreen/ sub-montane forests (SUBM)
Species / Mature trees / Saplings / SeedlingsD / PF / BA / IVI / D / PF / BA / IVI / D / PF / IVI
Acronychia pedunculata / 0.82 / 4.41 / 533.62 / 4.75 / 0.65 / 2.94 / 14.48 / 3.35 / 40.4 / 5.05 / 1.89
Actinodaphne bourdillonii / 0.49 / 2.94 / 108.04 / 3.09 / 1.47 / 7.35 / 38.1 / 8.33 / 109.09 / 8.08 / 3.65
Actinodaphne lowsonii / 0.98 / 7.35 / 569.32 / 7.74 / 2.61 / 20.59 / 66.69 / 22.31 / 8.08 / 1.01 / 0.38
Aglaia indica / 0.98 / 8.82 / 534.16 / 9.2 / 10.78 / 47.06 / 225.07 / 53.61 / - / - / -
Agrostistachys borneensis / 4.41 / 13.24 / 1943.51 / 14.83 / 1.96 / 8.82 / 56.43 / 10.18 / 650.51 / 5.05 / 10.39
Antidesma menasu / 2.61 / 16.18 / 1339.4 / 17.17 / 2.61 / 13.24 / 86.33 / 15.19 / 32.32 / 2.02 / 0.98
Aphanomixis polystachya / 0.16 / 1.47 / 103.54 / 1.54 / 0.49 / 4.41 / 15.39 / 4.77 / - / - / -
Apollonias arnottii / 1.96 / 8.82 / 808.33 / 9.51 / 10.29 / 22.06 / 357.62 / 29.95 / - / - / -
Artocarpus heterophyllus / 8.17 / 41.18 / 9737.75 / 45.75 / 3.1 / 23.53 / 135.95 / 26.22 / 36.36 / 2.02 / 1.04
Beilschmeidia wightii / 1.63 / 2.94 / 1058.27 / 3.62 / 0.16 / 1.47 / 7.53 / 1.62 / - / - / -
Bischofia javanica / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 8.08 / 1.01 / 0.38
Calophyllum austroindicum / 9.31 / 42.65 / 22794.97 / 50.96 / 2.45 / 14.71 / 66.13 / 16.37 / 448.48 / 22.22 / 12.12
Canarium strictum / 0.65 / 5.88 / 760.95 / 6.24 / 0.65 / 2.94 / 22.04 / 3.43 / - / - / -
Canthium dioicum / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 36.36 / 3.03 / 1.31
Caryota urens / 0.16 / 1.47 / 25.31 / 1.52 / - / - / - / 16.16 / 3.03 / 1.03
Chionanthus sp. / 0.33 / 1.47 / 1915.19 / 2.06 / 0.16 / 1.47 / 1.58 / 1.55 / - / - / -
Cinnamomum perottetii / 5.39 / 35.29 / 6139.67 / 38.23 / 3.59 / 27.94 / 112.66 / 30.55 / 56.57 / 6.06 / 2.39
Cinnamomum suphuratum / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 24.24 / 2.02 / 0.87
Clerodendrum viscosum / 3.27 / 20.59 / 736.24 / 21.58 / 10.46 / 27.94 / 305.05 / 35.29 / 44.44 / 5.05 / 1.95
Coffea crassiflora / 0.98 / 7.35 / 144.78 / 7.63 / 1.14 / 8.82 / 45.97 / 9.77 / 36.36 / 2.02 / 1.04
Cullenia exarillata / 0.16 / 1.47 / 752.94 / 1.71 / - / - / - / - / 125.25 / 4.04 / 2.81
Debregeasia longifolia / 0.16 / 1.47 / 27.66 / 1.52 / 1.63 / 8.82 / 55 / 10.05 / 8.08 / 1.01 / 0.38
Dimocarpus longan / 8.17 / 35.29 / 7398.77 / 39.25 / 6.21 / 25 / 196.46 / 29.54 / - / - / -
Diospyros candolleana / 7.68 / 33.82 / 4109.04 / 36.79 / 3.92 / 22.06 / 133.37 / 25.03 / 72.73 / 7.07 / 2.88
Diospyros sylvatica / 0.65 / 5.88 / 243.74 / 6.1 / 1.31 / 10.29 / 25.08 / 11.06 / 8.08 / 2.02 / 0.64
Drypetes wightii / 12.58 / 38.24 / 3607.68 / 42.27 / 9.64 / 42.65 / 389.09 / 50.66 / 48.48 / 3.03 / 1.48
Dysoxylum malabaricum / 0.33 / 2.94 / 281.86 / 3.09 / 1.96 / 8.82 / 51.8 / 10.13
Elaeocarpus munronii / 5.07 / 20.59 / 7238.6 / 23.74 / 3.43 / 22.06 / 116.67 / 24.66 / 230.3 / 14.14 / 6.94
Elaeocarpus serratus / - / - / - / - / 0.16 / 1.47 / 1.88 / 1.55 / 16.16 / 2.02 / 0.76
Elaeocarpus tuberculatus / 0.49 / 2.94 / 1049.65 / 3.34 / 0.65 / 4.41 / 15.28 / 4.82
Eugenia bracteata / 4.08 / 20.59 / 2485.17 / 22.25 / 3.92 / 16.18 / 109.02 / 18.88 / 20.2 / 1.01 / 0.55
Eugenia thwaitesii / 0.82 / 5.88 / 753.75 / 6.28 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Ficus beddomei / 0.33 / 2.94 / 1759.48 / 3.49 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Ficus nervosa / 0.49 / 4.41 / 3281.12 / 5.4 / 0.33 / 2.94 / 11.41 / 3.19 / - / - / -
Ficus tsjakela / 0.16 / 1.47 / 2887.58 / 2.27 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Garcinia gummi-gutta / 12.09 / 45.59 / 7312.22 / 50.48 / 4.08 / 23.53 / 106.41 / 26.26 / 395.96 / 30.3 / 13.51
Garcinia morella / 0.65 / 4.41 / 701.87 / 4.76 / 0.33 / 1.47 / 14.6 / 1.76 / - / - / -
Glochidion ellipicum / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 12.12 / 2.02 / 0.7
Glochidion neilgherrens / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 28.28 / 4.04 / 1.46
Gordonia obtusa / 1.31 / 8.82 / 4012.26 / 10.2 / 1.47 / 8.82 / 58.26 / 10.03 / 8.08 / 1.01 / 0.38
Holigarna nigra / 12.42 / 58.82 / 9295.84 / 64.33 / 6.21 / 29.41 / 167.96 / 33.62 / 56.57 / 4.04 / 1.86
Hydnocarpus macrocarpa / 2.78 / 13.24 / 2471.67 / 14.57 / 1.47 / 7.35 / 44.35 / 8.4 / 234.34 / 15.15 / 7.26
Isonandra lanceolata / 4.74 / 17.65 / 2258.92 / 19.41 / 2.29 / 8.82 / 96.7 / 10.77 / - / - / -
Lasianthus acuminatus / 0.49 / 4.41 / 141.7 / 4.57 / - / - / - / - / 24.24 / 2.02 / 0.87
Lasianthus jackianus / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 4.04 / 1.01 / 0.33
Lasianthus sp. / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 16.16 / 1.01 / 0.5
Litsea coriacea / 4.58 / 22.06 / 2281.68 / 23.78 / 2.78 / 20.59 / 99 / 22.75 / 32.32 / 3.03 / 1.25
Litsea floribunda / 4.41 / 25 / 2461.46 / 26.73 / 4.74 / 23.53 / 141.49 / 26.9 / 371.72 / 18.18 / 9.98
Litsea oleoids / 3.76 / 20.59 / 4883.44 / 22.8 / 5.56 / 26.47 / 159.83 / 30.35 / 40.4 / 4.04 / 1.63
Litsea stocksii / 32.68 / 76.47 / 14054.58 / 88.2 / 35.13 / 83.82 / 1215.2 / 110.67 / 456.57 / 19.19 / 11.43
Litsea wightiana / 1.63 / 11.76 / 894.28 / 12.4 / 0.98 / 7.35 / 29.84 / 8.05 / - / - / -
Macaranga peltata / 10.95 / 36.76 / 7569.14 / 41.44 / 4.25 / 19.12 / 181.75 / 22.77 / 133.33 / 15.15 / 5.86
Maesa indica / 0.16 / 1.47 / 19.88 / 1.52 / 0.82 / 1.47 / 35.29 / 2.17 / 16.16 / 3.03 / 1.03
Mallotus philippensis / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 16.16 / 3.03 / 1.03
Meliosma pinnata / 1.14 / 8.82 / 1290.16 / 9.44 / 0.65 / 1.47 / 16.24 / 1.9 / 16.16 / 3.03 / 1.03
Meliosma simplicifolia / 0.49 / 2.94 / 652.29 / 3.23 / 0.16 / 1.47 / 7.53 / 1.62 / 12.12 / 1.01 / 0.44
Mesua ferrea / 24.02 / 55.88 / 54541.08 / 76.19 / 6.54 / 41.18 / 209.02 / 45.98 / 181.82 / 5.05 / 3.86
Memecylon sp. / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 16.16 / 2.02 / 0.76
Microtropis latifolia / 3.92 / 14.71 / 2634.2 / 16.37 / 4.41 / 27.94 / 142.41 / 31.2 / 20.2 / 1.01 / 0.55
Myristica beddomei / 88.56 / 92.65 / 57319.61 / 129.93 / 0.33 / 2.94 / 19.08 / 3.28 / 756.25 / 21.21 / 16.8
Neolitsea cassia / 0.65 / 4.41 / 376.08 / 4.67 / 3.43 / 23.53 / 102.36 / 25.97
Neolitsea scrobiculata / 4.74 / 27.94 / 3275.01 / 29.97 / 0.33 / 2.94 / 14.48 / 3.23 / 84.85 / 8.08 / 3.31
Nothopegia beddomei / 0.16 / 1.47 / 23.06 / 1.52 / 0.49 / 2.94 / 22.2 / 3.37 / - / - / -
Nothopodytes nimmonianum / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 16.16 / 3.03 / 1.03
Oreocnide integrifolia / 5.07 / 22.06 / 897.38 / 23.54 / 4.9 / 16.18 / 194.17 / 20.21 / 8.08 / 1.01 / 0.38
Palaquium ellipticum / 55.23 / 54.41 / 77038.04 / 88.32 / 15.03 / 45.59 / 546.89 / 57.38 / 298.99 / 8.08 / 6.29
Pavetta indica / 0.16 / 1.47 / 17.9 / 1.51 / 0.98 / 7.35 / 8.39 / 7.81 / - / - / -
Persea macrantha / 1.14 / 10.29 / 2972.21 / 11.36 / 0.82 / 4.41 / 26.68 / 5.01 / - / - / -
Phoebe lanceolata / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 206.06 / 13.13 / 6.34
Polyalthia fragrans / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 8.08 / 1.01 / 0.38
Prunus zeylanicus / 5.07 / 14.71 / 5897.04 / 17.51 / 0.49 / 4.41 / 14.96 / 4.76 / 109.09 / 5.05 / 2.85
Psychotria congesta / 2.29 / 16.18 / 599.35 / 16.9 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Psychotria large / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 60.61 / 6.06 / 2.44
Salacia oblonga / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 4.04 / 1.01 / 0.33
Sapindus trifoliata / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 8.08 / 1.01 / 0.38
Sapium insigne / 0.33 / 2.94 / 376.47 / 3.12 / - / - / - / - / 16.16 / 2.02 / 0.76
Schefflera venulosa / 0.33 / 2.94 / 32.26 / 3.03 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Scolopia crenata / 0.33 / 2.94 / 541.5 / 3.16 / 0.49 / 2.94 / 10.57 / 3.24 / 16.16 / 1.01 / 0.5
Sterculia guttata / 1.14 / 7.35 / 828.6 / 7.85 / 0.49 / 2.94 / 26.25 / 3.42 / 48.48 / 1.01 / 0.95
Symplocos cochin-chinensis / 0.65 / 4.41 / 1331.37 / 4.92 / 0.16 / 1.47 / 7.53 / 1.62 / 36.36 / 4.04 / 1.58
Syzygium benthamianum / 4.08 / 22.06 / 3255.8 / 23.92 / 4.74 / 22.06 / 163.95 / 25.68 / 141.41 / 9.09 / 4.37
Syzygium caryophyllatum / 0.98 / 4.41 / 2162.27 / 5.22 / - / - / - / - / 16.16 / 1.01 / 0.5
Syzygium cumini / 0.82 / 7.35 / 461.45 / 7.67 / 0.82 / 2.94 / 20.68 / 3.48 / - / - / -
Syzygium hemisphericum / 0.49 / 4.41 / 1379.25 / 4.89 / 0.33 / 2.94 / 13.83 / 3.22 / - / - / -
Syzygium laetum / 5.72 / 27.94 / 2033.32 / 29.88 / 10.29 / 32.35 / 279.07 / 39.34 / 12.12 / 1.01 / 0.44
Syzygium lanceolatum / 2.94 / 23.53 / 1228.24 / 24.57 / 3.59 / 22.06 / 108.06 / 24.62 / 72.73 / 6.06 / 2.61
Tetrastigma leucostaphylum / 1.8 / 11.76 / 327.54 / 12.29 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Toona ciliata / 0.16 / 1.47 / 27.66 / 1.52 / 0.16 / 1.47 / 1.31 / 1.54 / - / - / -
Turpinia nepalensis / 0.16 / 1.47 / 53.54 / 1.52 / 0.16 / 1.47 / 1.88 / 1.55 / 4.04 / 1.01 / 0.33
Vernonia arborea / 20.2 / 4.04 / 1.35
Ventilago bombaiensis / 0.16 / 1.47 / 136 / 1.55 / 0.16 / 1.47 / 1.31 / 1.54 / - / - / -
Xanthophyllum arnottianum / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 12.12 / 1.01 / 0.44
Total / 390.49 / 100 / 365197.7 / 300 / 215.79 / 100 / 6972 / 300 / 6182 / 379 / 0
Appendix 6.Tropical broad-leaved evergreen/ montane forests (MONT)
Species / Mature trees / Saplings / SeedlingsD / PF / BA / IVI / D / PF / BA / IVI / D / PF / IVI
Acronychia pedunculata / 5.13 / 23.08 / 3034.26 / 24.65 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Actinodaphne bourdillonii / 1.71 / 15.38 / 428.85 / 15.72 / 6.84 / 53.85 / 194.39 / 56.8 / 317.24 / 20.69 / 8.65
Actinodaphne lanata / 6.84 / 23.08 / 1231.32 / 24.27 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Cinnamomu sp. / 48.72 / 38.46 / 16068.64 / 49.28 / 5.13 / 15.38 / 229.49 / 18.15 / 55.17 / 6.9 / 2.27
Beilschmeidia wightii / 5.13 / 23.08 / 547.49 / 23.85 / 7.69 / 23.08 / 356.54 / 27.31 / 13.79 / 3.45 / 0.96
Berberis tinctoria / - / - / - / - / 0.85 / 7.69 / 22.15 / 8.05 / - / - / -
Cinnamomum perrottetii / 15.38 / 53.85 / 6638.92 / 57.76 / - / - / - / - / 165.52 / 10.34 / 4.41
Cinnamomum wightii / - / - / - / - / 5.13 / 30.77 / 75.69 / 32.53 / - / - / -
Elaeocarpus recurvatus / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 13.79 / 3.45 / 0.96
Melicope lunu-ankenda / - / - / - / - / 0.85 / 7.69 / 22.15 / 8.05 / 82.76 / 6.9 / 2.6
Glochidion neilgherrensis / 17.09 / 69.23 / 4635.21 / 72.7 / 19.66 / 53.85 / 527.23 / 62.13 / 303.45 / 24.14 / 9.28
Gnidia glauca / 1.71 / 15.38 / 197.47 / 15.64 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Gomphandra coriacea / 10.26 / 46.15 / 1629.54 / 47.87 / 10.26 / 46.15 / 364.72 / 51.06 / 41.38 / 3.45 / 1.3
Hydnocarpus alpina / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 55.17 / 6.9 / 2.27
Ilex thwaitesii / 34.19 / 46.15 / 7136.07 / 52.42 / 1.71 / 15.38 / 44.31 / 16.09 / - / - / -
Ilex wightiana / 15.38 / 23.08 / 9906.46 / 28.03 / 8.55 / 23.08 / 369.06 / 27.6 / - / - / -
Isonandra lanceolata / - / - / - / - / 4.27 / 30.77 / 121.97 / 32.62 / - / - / -
Ligustrum decaisnei / 12.82 / 38.46 / 2511.15 / 40.76 / 6.84 / 30.77 / 334.77 / 34.65 / 13.79 / 3.45 / 0.96
Litsea floribunda / 29.91 / 69.23 / 11233.5 / 76.3 / 6.84 / 38.46 / 139.49 / 41.05 / 868.97 / 31.03 / 17.78
Litsea quinqueflora / - / - / - / - / 5.13 / 30.77 / 205.13 / 33.38 / - / - / -
Litsea wightiana / 40.17 / 84.62 / 20668.35 / 95.9 / 25.64 / 84.62 / 1073.85 / 97.98 / 468.97 / 31.03 / 12.88
Litsea stocksii / 5.81 / 46.31 / 256.45 / 45.75 / 24.56 / 58.45 / 45.45 / 27.45
Macaranga peltata / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 27.59 / 6.9 / 1.93
Memecylon flavescens / 20.51 / 30.77 / 9910.77 / 36.32 / 37.61 / 53.85 / 1321.13 / 71.77 / 13.79 / 3.45 / 0.96
Michelia nilagirica / 24.79 / 76.92 / 23398.79 / 87.27 / 5.13 / 15.38 / 237.38 / 18.2 / 137.93 / 6.9 / 3.28
Microtropis ramiflora / 56.41 / 100 / 13804.72 / 111 / 5.13 / 46.15 / 147.69 / 48.38 / 537.93 / 20.69 / 11.35
Neolitsea scrobiculata / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 303.45 / 13.79 / 6.89
Pittosporum nilghirense / 30.77 / 53.85 / 4140.62 / 58.77 / 2.56 / 23.08 / 138.67 / 24.62 / - / - / -
Pittosporum tetraspermum / 5.13 / 30.77 / 612.51 / 31.56 / 2.56 / 23.08 / 46.15 / 24.01 / 68.97 / 13.79 / 4.01
Rhododendron arboreum / 102.56 / 100 / 35779.49 / 123.4 / 34.19 / 76.92 / 1320 / 93.99 / 206.9 / 10.34 / 4.91
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa / 26.5 / 84.62 / 3637.86 / 88.88 / 44.44 / 84.62 / 1617.78 / 106.16 / 234.48 / 17.24 / 6.84
Symplocos cochinchinensis / 7.69 / 30.77 / 915.08 / 31.96 / 11.11 / 46.15 / 382.33 / 51.39 / 220.69 / 20.69 / 7.46
Symplocos gardneriana / 15.38 / 30.77 / 9525.69 / 35.6 / 5.13 / 23.08 / 218.67 / 25.78 / 82.76 / 10.34 / 3.39
Symplocos obtusa / 64.1 / 92.31 / 13773.72 / 104.2 / 33.33 / 76.92 / 1580 / 95.49 / 386.21 / 17.24 / 8.7
Syzygium calophyllifolium / 77.78 / 69.23 / 20525.56 / 84.87 / 19.66 / 84.62 / 860.04 / 95.1 / 868.97 / 34.48 / 18.58
Syzygium caryophyllatum / 3.42 / 23.08 / 3078.84 / 24.46 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Syzygium sp / 2.3 / 5.7 / 256.75 / 28.7
Syzygium densiflorum / 30.77 / 76.92 / 25906.15 / 88.76 / 5.13 / 38.46 / 310.36 / 41.77 / 620.69 / 24.14 / 13.16
Ternstroemia japonica / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 7 / 3.45 / 1.3
Turpinia cochinchinensis / 116.52 / 100 / 37682.22 / 124.4 / 46.35 / 100 / 2072.21 / 123.69 / 1856.25 / 44.83 / 29.91
Vaccinium leschenaultii / 29.06 / 38.46 / 19342.8 / 48.01 / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
Viburnum coriaceum / - / - / - / - / 3.42 / 23.08 / 123.08 / 24.73 / - / - / -
Viburnum erubescens / 1.71 / 15.38 / 289.37 / 15.67 / 1.71 / 15.38 / 92.44 / 16.41 / - / - / -
Total / 855.11 / - / 308704.6 / 300 / 392.09 / - / 14594 / 300 / 7717.4 / - / 200
Appendix 7.Vegetation parameters of forest communities in the tropics of India and other countries
Forest types / Location / Plot size (ha) / Tree girth studied (cm) / Tree density(no./ha) / Tree basal area (m2/ha) / Shannon index / Source*
Present study
DECI
SEMI
EVER
WOOD
SUBM
MONT / Western Ghats (NBR)
“
“
“
“
“ / 4 ha
4 ha
4 ha
3 ha
4 ha
4 ha / ≥30 cm
≥30 cm
≥30 cm
≥30 cm
≥30 cm
≥30 cm / 132
368
485
39
390
855 / 23.4
45.7
48.0
0.69
36.5
30.9 / 2.79
3.67
3.34
2.21
3.26
3.21 / Present study
“
“
“
“
“
India
Evergreen forests
Moist deciduous forests
Moist deciduous forests
Semievergreen forests
Semievergreen forests
Scrub jungle to wet evergreen forests
Evergreen forests
Evergreen forests
Evergreen forests
Dry tropical forests
Dry evergreen forests
Tropical wet evergreen forests
Tropical wet evergreen forests
Subtropical hill forests
Montane temperate forests / Silent valley, Western Ghats
Peppara, WGhats
Chimmony, Western Ghats
Peppara, Western Ghats
Chimmony, Western Ghats
Kalakkad R.F., Western Ghats
Karnataka
Peppara
Nelliampathi, Western Ghats
Vindhya region
Puthupet Sacred Grove, Coromandel coast
Kalakkad-Mundan-thurai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats
Kodayar, Western Ghats
Peppara. Western Ghats
Mannavan shola / -
-
-
-
-
0.2
0.44
-
-
-
0.2
0.50
0.50
-
- / ≥31.5
≥30
≥30
≥30
≥30
>20
-
≥30
≥30
>30
>20
>30
>30
≥30
≥30 / 620-709
590-740
558
670-940
728
320-1260
446-1386
860-1370
-
294-559
280
315-418
352-1173
1580-1930
566 / 29-103
13-51
37
45-62
47
18-107
33-48
76
49.8
7-23
11
54-84
28-81
27-34
52 / -
2-3.3
1.9-2.4
2.9
2.7-3.2
-
-
3.3
3-3.7
-
-
2.7
3.99 / Singh et al. 19841
Varghese, 19982
Suraj, 19973
Vargheese, 19982
Suraj, 19973
Parthasarathy, 19864
Rai & Procter, 19865
Varghese, 19982
Chadrashekara et al, 19986
Jha and Singh, 19907
Vishalakshi, 19958
Ganesh et al, 19969
Sundarapandian and Swamy, 200010
Varghese, 19982
Swarupanadan et al., 199811
Other countries
Tropical rain forests (young forests)
Tropical rain forests
(old forests)
Tropical rain forests
Equatorial insular forests
Tropical rain forests
Tropical rain forests
Tropical moist forests
Tropical rain forests
Slope forests
Alluvium forests
Equatorial forests
Tropical rain forests
Tropical seasonal rain forests
Tropical montane rain forests
Evergreen broad leaved forests
Monsoon forests / Barrow Colorado Island, Panama
Barrow Colorado Island, Panama
Amazonia
Eastern Carolline Island, Panama
Jungka Reserve, Malaysia
Gunung Silam, Malaysia
Singapore
Valcan Barva, Costa Rica
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
KongoIsland
Amazonia
Xishuangbanna, China
Xishuangbanna, China
Xishuangbanna, China
Xishuangbanna, China / 5
50
3
50
11
0.04
0.4
6
2.8
2.6
-
3
2500 m2
1600 m2
1200 m2
400 m2 / >18
>18
31.4
>31.4
91
31.4
>6.3
>31.4
>31.4
>31.4
-
>31.4
15
15
15
10 / 84-171
143-177
1420
98-114
104
513-1596
604
391-617
1533
1183
440-553
1720
154
123
165
150 / 2.6-5.2
4.3-5
28-68
17
23
23-46
-
-
49
47
10-45
78
-
-
-
- / -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3.4
3.2
2.5
1.6 / Thorington et al, 198212
Hubbel & Foster, 198313
Campbell et al., 198614
Itlow, 198615
Ho et al., 198716
Proctor et al., 198817
Swan Jr., 198818
Heaney & Proctor, 199019
Jaffre & Veillon, 199020
Jaffre & Veillon, 199020
Mosango et al., 199121
Cambell et al., 198614
Cao & Zhang, 199722
Cao & Zhang, 199722
Cao & Zhang, 199722
Cao & Zhang, 199722
*Sources
[1] Singh JS, Singh SP, Saxena AK, Ravat YS 1984. The forest vegetation of Silent Valley. Tropical. Rain Forests. The Leeds Symposium, pp. 25–52.
[2] Varghese AO 1998. Assessment of biodiversity of Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Trivandrum District, Kerala. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 23: 117-127.
[3] Suraj MA 1997.Phytosociological and Vagetation Mapping at Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala) Using Remote Sensing Technique. PhD Thesis, FRI University, Dehradun.
[4] Parthasarathy N 1986. Studies on the vacular Flora, Structure and Nutrient Cycling in Kalakad Reserve Forest, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu. Ph D thesis, University of Madras.
[5] Rai SN, Proctor J 1986. Ecological studies on four rain forests in Karnataka, India: Environment, forest structure and vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science 1: 609-614.
[6] Chadrashekara UM, Menon ARR, Nair KKN, Sasidharan N, Swarupanandan K 1998. Evaluating plant diversity in different forest types of Kerala by laying out permanent sample plots. KFRI Research Report No. 156. Peechi, Kerala
[7] Jha CS, Singh JS 1990. Composition and dynamics of dry tropical Forest in relation to soil texture. Journal of Vegetation Science1: 609- 614.
[8] Visalakshi N 1995. Vegetation analysis of two Tropical Dry Evergreen Forests in Southern India. Tropical Ecology 36: 117-127.
[9] Ganesh T, Ganesan R, Devy MS, Davidar P, Bawa K S 1996. Assessment of plant biodiversity at a mid-elevation evergreen forest of Kalakad–Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. Current Science71: 379-392.
[10] Sundarapandian SM, Swamy PS 2000. Forest ecosystem structure and composition along an altitudinal gradient in the Western Ghats, South India. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 2: 104-123.
[11] Swarupanandan K, Sasidharan N, Chacko KC, ChanduBasha S 2001. Floristic and ecological studies on the Sholas of Idukki District. In Nair KKN, Khanduri SK, Balasubramaniayan K (eds) Shola Forests of Kerala: Environment and Biodiverstiy. Kerala Forest Deparment, Thiruvanathapuram; Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi. pp 259-286.
[12] Thorington RW, Tannenbaum S, Tarak A, Rudran R 1982. Distribution of trees in Baro Colorado Islands: A hectare sample. In Leigh Jr EG, Rand AS, Windsor DM (eds) The Ecology of a Tropical Forest - Seasonal Rhythms and Long-term Changes. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington DC.
[13] Hubbell SP, Foster RB 1983. Diversity of canopy species in a neotropical forest and implications for conservation. In Sutton SL, Whitmore TC, Chadwick AC (eds) Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management. Blackwell, Oxford.
[14] Campbell D G, Daly D C, Prance G T, Maciel UN 1986. Quantitative ecological inventory of Terra firma and the Varzea tropical forest on the Rio Xingu, Brazilian Amazon. Brittanica 38: 369-393.
[15] Itow S 1986. Species diversity of equatorial insular forest on Ponape and Kosrae, Micronesia. Ecological Research1: 223-227.
[16] Ho CC, Newbery DMC, Poore MED 1987. Forest composition and inferred dynamics in Jengka forest reserve, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Ecology3: 25-26.
[17] Proctor J, Lee YF, Langley AM, Munro WRC, Nelson T 1988. Ecological studies on Gunung Silam, a small ultrabasic mountain Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Ecology74: 455-463.
[18] Swan Jr FR 1988. Tree distribution patterns in the Bukittimah nature reserve, Singapore. Gar. Bull. (Singapore) 41: 59–81.
[19] Heaney A, Proctor J 1990. Preliminary studies on forest structure and floristics on Volcan Barva, Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology6: 307–320.
[20] Jaffré T, Veillon JM1990. Etude floristique et structurale de deux forêts denses humides sur roches ultrabasiques en Nouvelle- Calédonie. Bull. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris, 12: 243–273.
[21] Mosango M1991. Contribution ‘A l’étude botanic biogéo 1’ ecosystem Forêt en région equatorial (Ile Kongolo,Zaire). Belgium Journal of Botany124: 167–194.
[22] Cao M, Zang J 1997. Tree species diversity of tropical forests vegetation in Xishuangbanna, SW China. Biodiversity and Conservation 6: 995-1006.
1