Stimulus:
Columbus called them Indians, because he miscalculated the size of the earth…
And yet, there is some reason to call them Indians, because they did come, perhaps 25,000 years ago, from Asia, across the land bridge of the Bering Straits…to Alaska. Then they moved southward, seeking warmth and land, in a trek lasting thousands of years that took them into North America, then Central and South America. In Nicaragua, Brazil, and Ecuador their petrified footprints can still be seen, along with the print of bison, who disappeared about five thousand years ago, so they must have reached South America at least that far back. Widely dispersed over the great land mass of the Americas, they numbered approximately 75 million people by the time Columbus came, perhaps 25 million in North America. ----Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States,
Question 1: Which of the following events enabled Indians to abandon their original nomadic culture?
(A)The development of international trade through the Columbian Exchange
(B) The spread of maize cultivation during the agricultural revolution in Mesoamerica
(C)The mass importation of African slave labor force to the new world
(D) The shift to a formal educational system
Question 2: Which of the following groups were unable to benefit from the economic development referred to in Question #1.
(A) Societies of the Southwest
(B) Societies of the Northeast
(C) Societies of Central America
(D) Societies of the Great Plains
Question 3: What would best explain the intertribal diversity between American Indians?
(A) Arrival of and relationships with European settlers
(B) Religious beliefs and spiritual practices
(C) Adapting to and transforming their diverse local environments
(D) The tools on which they depended and the products that they made
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“…I have no discretionary power on the subject-my duty is emphatically pronounced in the Constitution. Those who told you that you might peaceably prevent their execution, deceived you-they could not have been deceived themselves. They know that a forcible opposition could alone prevent the execution of the laws, and they know that such opposition must be repelled. Their object is disunion, but be not deceived by names; disunion, by armed force, is TREASON. Are you really ready to incur its guilt? If you are, on the head of the instigators of the act be the dreadful consequences-on their heads be the dishonor, but on yours may fall the punishment-on your unhappy State will inevitably fall all the evils of the conflict you force upon the government of your country….the consequence must be fearful for you, distressing to your fellow-citizens here, and to the friends of good government throughout the world…”
Excerpt from Andrew Jackson’s Nullification Proclamation (1832)
Question: The ideas expressed by President Jackson would have most likely been caused by?
(A)The efforts by the elite and wealthy to re-charter the Bank of the United States.
(B)The resistance of the Cherokee and other Native American groups to their removal under the Indian Removal Act.
(C)The reactions of South Carolina and other southern states to tariff policies.
(D)The actions of abolitionists resisting the expansion of slavery.
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“‘Move on!’ Has the Native American no rights that the naturalized American is bound to respect?,” by Thomas Nast, Harper’s Weekly, April 22, 1871. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division.
Question: The problem that the Native Americans had above was
(A)because of their birth right naturalized Americans are American citizens so they can vote
(B)because naturalized American are land owners and Native Americans are not.
(C)Native Americans did not have legal rights to vote
(D)because the Native American does not have money for the poll tax.
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Source: 1868 political cartoon, “The Modern Samson” by Thomas Nast.
Question: The cartoon above best represents which of the following in regards to the political position of freedmen in the south by the late 1860’s?
(A) Southern political systems had greatly increased freedmen’s political power by the late 1860’s.
(B)Southern freedmen began losing much of their political power by the late 1860’s.
(C)Freedmen in the south had not been allowed to exercise their political power during the 1860’s.
(D)The political power exercised by freedmen in the south was celebrated by white southerners.
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Stimulus: “With the secession of Southern states from the Union and therefore removal of the slavery issue, finally, in 1862, the Homestead Act was passed and signed into law. The new law established a three-fold homestead acquisition process: filing an application, improving the land, and filing for deed of title. Any U.S. citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. Government could file an application and lay claim to 160 acres of surveyed Government land. For the next 5 years, the homesteader had to live on the land and improve it by building a 12-by-14 dwelling and growing crops. After 5 years, the homesteader could file for his patent (or deed of title) by submitting proof of residency and the required improvements to a local land office.”
Question: The Homestead Act of 1862 changed economic opportunities most significantly for which group?
(A) emancipated slaves
(B)new immigrants lured westward
(C)landowners
(D)Confederate soldiers
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Stimulus: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. …..
Declaration of Independence 1776, T. Jefferson
But though this be a state of liberty, yet it is not a state of licence: though man in that state have an uncontroulable liberty to dispose of his person or possessions, yet he has not liberty to destroy himself, or so much as any creature in his possession, but where some nobler use than its bare preservation calls for it. The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions: for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent, and infinitely wise maker; all the servants of one sovereign master, sent into the world by his order, and about his business; they are his property, whose workmanship they are, made to last during his, not one another's pleasure: and being furnished with like faculties, sharing all in one community of nature, there cannot be supposed any such subordinationamongus, that may authorize us to destroy one another, as if we were made for one another's uses, as the inferior ranks of creatures are for our's. Every one, as he is bound to preserve himself, and not to quit his station wilfully, so by the like reason, when his own preservation comes not in competition, ought he, as much as he can, to preserve the rest of mankind, and may not, unless it be to do justice on an offender, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the preservation of the life, the liberty, health, limb, or goods of another.
Second Treatise of Civil Government, Sect.6, John Locke
Question: Comparing John Locke’s ideas of Natural Rights of Man and Jefferson’s use of these ideas in the Declaration of Independence, what best can be said of Locke’s use of the term “possession” (Estate) after the Glorious Revolution versus Jefferson’s use of “Pursuit of Happiness” proceeding the American Revolution?
(A) The opportunity for personal wealth was as important as life and freedom itself
(B) Natural Rights come from God as part of nature
(C) Non-tabula rosa refers to the fact that we are all born without ownership of possessions
(D) Government must protect the rights of all men.
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