AP Psychology – Unit 8: Testing and Intelligence
Intelligence
A. Introduction to Intelligence
1. Intelligence test
2. How is intelligence defined?
B. Is Intelligence One General Ability or Several Specific Abilities?
3. General intelligence factor (g)
4. Factor analysis
5. Savant syndrome
6. Howard Gardner
7. Grit
8. What are the arguments for considering intelligence as one general mental ability?
9. What are the arguments against considering intelligence as one general ability?
10. How do Gardner’s and Sternberg’s theories of multiple intelligences differ?
Sternberg’s 3 Intelligences / Description11. Analytical (academic problem-solving intelligence) intelligence
12. Creative intelligence
13. Practical intelligence
C. Emotional Intelligence
14. Social intelligence
15. Emotional intelligence
16. What are the 4 components of emotional intelligence?
D. Is Intelligence Neurologically Measurable?
17. To what extent is intelligence related to brain anatomy?
18. To what extent is intelligence related to neural processing speed?
E. Comparing Theories of Intelligence
Theories of IntelligenceTheory / Summary / Strengths / Other Considerations
19. Spearman’s general intelligence (g)
20. Thurstone’s primary mental abilities
21. Gardner’s multiple intelligences
22. Sternberg’s triarchic theory
ASSESSING INTELLIGENCE
A. The Origins of Intelligence Testing
23. Mental age
24. Lewis Terman
25. Stanford-Binet
26. Intelligence quotient (IQ)
27. When and why were intelligence tests created?
28. What formula did German psychologist William Stern use for computing IQ?
29. How is IQ computed today?
B. Modern Tests of Mental Abilities
30. Achievement tests
31. Aptitude tests
32. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
33. What’s the difference between achievement and aptitude tests?
C. Principles of Test Construction
34. Standardization
35. Normal curve
36. Flynn Effect
37. Reliability
38. Validity
39. Content validity
40. Predictive validity
41. Why does a test’s reliability not predict its validity?
THE DYNAMICS OF INTELLIGENCE
A. Stability or Change
40. Longitudinal studies
41. Cohort
42. Crystallized intelligence
43. Fluid intelligence
44. Does crystallized intelligence increase or decrease as we age?
45. Does fluid intelligence increase or decrease as we age?
46. How stable are intelligence scores over the life span?
47. What might explain why more intelligent people may live longer?
B. Extremes of Intelligence
48. Intellectual disability
49. Down syndrome
50. An IQ of ______or below is generally classified as intellectually disabled.
51. What other criteria are used to assess intellectual disability?
52. What causes Down syndrome?
STUDYING GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON INTELLIGENCE
A. Twin and Adoption Studies
53. Heritability
54. Polygenetic
55. What evidence points to a genetic influence on intelligence?
B. Environmental Influences
56. Epigenetics
57. Fixed mindset
58. Growth mindset
59. What does evidence reveal about environmental influences on intelligence?
GROUP DIFFERENCES AND THE QUESTION OF BIAS
A. Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
60. How do the genders differ in mental ability scores?
61. Why do the genders differ in mental ability scores?
62. How do racial and ethnic groups differ in mental ability scores?
63. Why do racial and ethnic groups differ in mental ability scores?
B. The Question of Bias
64. Stereotype threat
65. Are intelligence tests inappropriately biased?