AP CHAPTER 2 PRIMARY SOURCES: Colonial Period

AP CHAPTER 2 PRIMARY SOURCES: Colonial Period

PRIMARY SOURCES

1. John Smith’s “Starving Time” (1609)

2. “Mayflower Compact” (1621)

3. John Winthrop’s “A Model of Christian Charity” (1630)

4. New England ship list (1635)

5. Virginia ship list (1635)

6. Maryland’s Act of Toleration

7. Native American perspective on Metacom’s War (King Philip’s)

8. Colonists’ perspective onMetacom’s War (King Philip’s)

1. THE STARVING TIME (1609)CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH.(He writes in the 3rd person about himself as he returns to Jamestown)

“The day before Captain Smith returned for England with the ships (October 4, 1609), Captain Davis arrived in a small pinnace (light sailing vessel), with some sixteen proper men more.... For the savages no sooner understood Smith was gone but they all revolted, and did spoil and murder all they encountered . . .Now we all found the loss of Captain Smith; yea, his greatest maligners could now curse his loss. As for corn provision and contribution from the savages, we [now] had nothing but mortal wounds, with clubs and arrows. As for our hogs, hens, goats, sheep, horses, and what lived, our commanders, officers, and savages daily consumed them. Some small proportions sometimes we tasted, till all was devoured; then swords, arms, pieces, or anything we traded with the savages, whose cruel fingers were so often imbrued in our blood that what by their cruelty, our Governor's indiscretion, and the loss of our ships, of five hundred [people] within six months after Captain Smith's departure there remained not past sixty men, women, and children, most miserable and poor creatures. And those were preserved for the most part by roots, herbs, acorns, walnuts, berries, now and then a little fish. They that had courage in these extremities made no small use of it; yea, they ate even the very skins of our horses.Nay, so great was our famine that a savage we slew and buried, the poorer sort took him up again and ate him; and so did diver's one another boiled and stewed, with roots and herbs. And one amongst the rest did kill his wife, salted her, and had eaten part of her before it was known, for which he was executed, as he well deserved. Now whether she was better roasted, boiled, or broiled, I know not; but of such a dish as powdered wife I never heard of.This was the time which still to this day [1624] we called the starving time. It were too vile to say, and scarce to be believed, what we endured.”

2.THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT, AMERICA 1621

“In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland king, defender of the faith, etc., having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the 11 of November, in the year of the reign of our sovereign lord, King James, of England, France, and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domine 1620."

3. JOHN WINTHROP, "A MODEL OF CHRISTIAN CHARITY" (1630)The Puritan leader wrote and spoke this passage aboard the Arbella en route to Massachusetts.

God almighty in His most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of mankind, as in all times some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in power and dignity, others mean and in subjection.

…Now the only way to avoid this shipwreck and to provide for our posterity is to follow the counsel of Micah, to do justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God. For this end we must be knit together in this work as one man, we must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities for the supply of others' necessities, we must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience, and liberality, we must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. The Lord will be our God and delight in all our ways, so that we shall see much more of His wisdom, power, goodness, and truth than formerly we have been acquainted with. We shall find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies, when He shall make us a praise and glory, that men shall say of succeeding plantations, the Lord make it like that of New England. For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and byword throughout the world, we shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God and all professors for God's sake, we shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us till we be consumed out of the good land whither we are going. And to shut up this discourse with that exhortation of Moses, that faithful servant of the Lord in His last farewell to Israel, Deut. 30., Beloved there is now set before us life and good, death and evil, in that we are commanded this day to love the Lord our God, and to love one another, to walk in His ways and to keep His commandments and His ordinance, and His laws, and the articles of our covenant with Him that we may live and be multiplied, and that the Lord our God my bless us in the land whither we go to possess it. But if our hearts shall turn away so that we will not obey, but shall be seduced and worship other Gods, our pleasures, our profits, and serve them, it is propounded unto us this day we shall surely perish out of the good land whither we pass over this vast sea to possess it. Therefore let us choose life, that we, and our seed, may live, and by obeying His voice, and cleaving to Him, for He is our life and our prosperity.”

4. SOURCE: SHIP'S LIST OF EMIGRANTS BOUND FOR NEW ENGLAND, JOHN PORTER, DEPUTY CLERK TO EDWARD THOROUGHGOOD

Weymouth, the 20th of March, 1635

1.Joseph Hull, of Somerset, a minister, aged 40 years

2.Agnes Hull, his wife, aged 25 years

3.Joan Hull, his daughter, aged 15 years

4.Joseph Hull, his son, aged 13 years

5.Tristram, his son, aged 11 years

6.Elizabeth Hull, his daughter, aged 7 years

7.Temperance, his daughter, aged 9 years

8.Grissel Hull, his daughter, aged 5 years

9.Dorothy Hull, his daughter, aged 3 years

10.Judith French, his servant, aged 20 years

11.John Wood, his servant, aged 20 years

12.Robert Dabyn, his servant, aged 28 years

13.Musachiell Bernard, of Batcombe, clothier in the county of Somerset, 24 years

14.Mary Bernard, his wife, aged 28 years

15.John Bernard, his son, aged 3 years

16.Nathaniel, his son, aged 1 year

21.Timothy Tabor, in Somerset of Batcombe, tailor, aged 35 years

22.Jane Tabor, his wife, aged 35 years

23.Jane Tabor, his daughter, aged 10 years

24.Anne Tabor, his daughter, aged 8 years

25.Sarah Tabor, his daughter, aged 5 years

26.William Fever, his servant, aged 20 years

27.John Whitmarke, aged 39 years

28.Alice Whitmarke, his wife, aged 35 years

29.James Whitmarke, his son, aged 5 years

30.Jane, his daughter, aged 7 years

31.Onseph Whitmarke, his son, aged 5 years

32.Rich. Whitmarke, his son, aged 2 years

74.Robert Lovell, p2330husbandman, aged 40 years

75.Elizabeth Lovell, his wife, aged 35 years

76.Zacheus Lovell, his son, aged 15 years

77.Anne Lovell, his daughter, aged 16 years

78.John Lovell, his son, aged 8 years

79.Ellyn, his daughter, aged 1 year

80.James, his son, aged 1 year

81.Joseph Chickin, his servant, 16 years

82.Alice Kinham, aged 22 years

83.Angell Hollard, aged 21 years

84.Katheryn, his wife, 22 years

85.George Land, his servant, 22 years

86.Sarah Land, his kinswoman, 18 years

103.John Hoble, husbandman, 13

104. Robert Huste, husbandman, 40…

5. SOURCE: SHIP'S LIST OF EMIGRANTS BOUND FOR VIRGINIA.

Ultimo July, 1635

These underwritten names are to be transported to Virginia, embarked in the Merchant's Hope,

Hugh Weston, Master, per examination by the minister of Gravesend touching their conformity to the Church discipline of England, and have taken the oaths of allegiance and supremacy

AP Ch. 2 Primary Sources

Edward Towers 26

Henry Woodman 22

Richard Seems 26

Vyncent Whatter 17

James Whithedd 14

Jonas Watts 21

Peter Loe 22

Geo. Brocker 17

Henry Eeles 26

Jo. Dennis 22

Tho. Swayne 23

Charles Rinsden 27

Jo. Exston 17

Wm. Luck 14

Jo. Thomas 19

Jo. Archer 21

Richard Williams 25

Francis Hutton 20

Savill Gascoyne 29

Rich. Bulfell 29

Rich. Jones 26

Tho. Wynes 30

Humphrey Williams22

Edward Roberts 20

Martin Atkinson 32

Edward Atkinson 28

Wm. Edwards 30

Nathan Braddock31

Jeffrey Gurrish 23

Henry Carrell 16

Tho. Tyle 24

Gamaliel White 24

Richard Marks 19

Tho. Clever 16

Jo. Kitchin 16

Edmond Edwards 20

Lewes Miles 19

Jo. Kennedy 20

Sam Jackson 24

Allin King 19

Rowland Sadler 19

Jo. Phillips 28

Daniel Endick 16

Jo. Chalk 25

Jo. Vynall 20

Edward Smith 20

Jo. Rowlidge 19

Wm. Westlie 40

Jo. Smith 18

Jo. Saunders 22

Tho. Bartcherd 16

Tho. Dodderidge 19

Richard Williams 18

Jo. Ballance 19

Wm. Baldin 21

Wm. Pen 26

Jo. Gerie 24

Henry Baylie 18

Rich. Anderson 50

Robert Kelum 51

Richard Fanshaw22

Tho. Bradford 40

Wm. Spencer 16

Marmaduke Ella 22

Women:

Ann Swayne 22

Eliz. Cote 22

Ann Rice 23

Kat. Wilson 23

Maudlin Lloyd 24

Mabell Busher 14

Annis Hopkins 24

Ann Mason 24

Bridget Crompe 18

Mary Hawkes 19

Ellin Hawkes 18

AP Ch. 2 Primary Sources

6. MARYLAND’S “ACT CONCERNING RELIGION” - “TOLERATION ACT” OF 1649

AP Ch. 2 Primary Sources

“That whatever person or persons within this Province and the Islands belongingto it shall from henceforth (now on) blaspheme God, or deny that our SaviorJesus Christ is the Son of God, or shall deny that the holy Trinity is the unity of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, orshall use or utter any reproachfulspeeches, words, or languageconcerning the said Holy Trinity, or any of the said three persons thereof, shallbe punished with death, and all his orher lands and goods will be given to theLord Proprietary and his heirs.”

“And be it also enacted by the Authority of the Right Honorable Cecil Calvert,Lord Baron of Baltimore, that whateverperson or persons shall from now onuse or utter any reproachful words orspeeches concerning the blessed VirginMary the Mother of our Savior, or theholy Apostles, or Evangelists, shall onthe first offence owe to the said LordBaltimore and his heirs, lords, andProprietaries of this Province the sum offive pound Sterling or the value thereofto be taken from the property of everysuch person so offending. In the caseof an offender not having property worthenough to pay the fine, or if the offenderdoes not pay it speedily enough, thensuch offender or offenders shall bepublicly whipped and be imprisonedduring the pleasure of the LordProprietor (as long as the LordProprietor decides).”

“…whatever person or persons shall from now on declare or call any person orpersons who are living, traveling, trading,or working within this Province or withinany of its ports, or waterways a heretic,Schismatic, Idolater, puritan, Independent, Presbyterian, popish priest, Jesuit, Jesuitpapist, Lutheran, Calvinist, Anabaptist,Brownist, Antinomian, Barrowist,Roundhead, Separatist, or any other namein a negative manner relating to Religionshall for every such offence pay a fine often shillings sterling…But if the personspoke the reproachful words or languageshall not have enough money of propertyto pay the penalty, or does not pay itspeedily enough, then that person orpersons shall be publicly whipped, andshall suffer imprisonment without bail untilhe, she or they respectively publiclyapologize in front of a magistrate to theperson they offended.”

AP Ch. 2 Primary Sources

7. KING PHILIP’S WAR – METACOM’S PERSPECTIVE – JOHN EATON OF RHODE ISLAND – 1675

King Philip agreed to come to us; he came unarmed, and about 40 ofhis men armed. We sat very friendly together. We told him ourbusiness. They said that they had done no wrong; the English

wronged them. We said that both sides thought the other side wronged them, but our desire was to avoid war. The Indians agreedthat fighting was the worst way; then they asked how we might avoidwar. We said, by negotiation. They said that they lost many squaremiles of land through negotiation.They said they had been the first in doing good to the English, andthe English were the first in doing wrong. They said when the Englishfirst came, their King’s Father prevented other Indians from wrongingthe English, and gave them corn and showed them how to plant, and

let them have a 100 times more land than now the Indian King had for his own people.

And another grievance was, if 20 of their honest Indians testified thata Englishman had done them wrong, it was as nothing; and if but oneof their worst Indians testified against any Indian, when it pleased theEnglish it was sufficient.Another grievance was, the English made them drunk and thencheated them; that now, they had no hope left to keep any land.Another grievance, the English cattle and horses still increased andkept spoiling their corn. They thought when the English bought landof them they would have kept their cattle upon their own land, but theEnglish didn’t use a fence.

8. KING PHILIP’S WAR – COLONISTS PERSPECTIVE – EDWARD RANDOLPH – 1685

In New England, there are many different theories for what caused the present Indian war. Some blame the people of Boston for trying toChristianize the Indians and for forcing the Indians to observe theirlaws. They think the Indians are too rude and uncivilized.Some believe there have been Catholic priests, who have made ittheir business, for some years past, to turn the Indians against theEnglish and to promise weapons from France.Others blame the Indian leader, King Philip. Some English tried toget his land and brought him to court and sometimes imprisoned him.The Puritan government of the Massachusetts believes that God ispunishing them for their behavior. Recently, men have been wearinglong hair and wigs made of women’s hair; and women have beencutting, curling and laying out the hair. People have not been going totown meetings. The Puritans think that God has allowed the Indiansto rise against them.The English have contributed much to their misfortunes, for they firsttaught the Indians the use of guns, and let them attend trainings, andshowed them how to handle their guns.The loss to the English in the several colonies, in their habitationsand stock, is reckoned to amount to 150,000 pounds. About 1200houses have been burned, 8000 head of cattle, great and small,killed, and many thousand bushels of wheat and other grain burned,and over 3000 Indians, men, women, and children destroyed.