AP Biology Study Guide for Ch. 11 (Cell Communication)
and Ch. 12 (The Cell Cycle):
December 2015
I hope you enjoyed Thanksgiving Break! We are now going to cover Chapter 11 and briefly review Chapter 12. Chapter 11 is about how cells communicate with each other. It's an important topic and one that we don't cover in Bio I, so you'll need to read the chapter extra carefully and do a good job on your Reading Guide, Key Vocabulary, and Learning Targets. Chapter 12 is on the Cell Cycle and Mitosis, topics you should have studied over Thanksgiving Break. There is a five part (!) lab on Cell Division that we will begin this week.
I. SCHEDULE 2015 for Chapters 11 & 12
Monday (11/30)*Finish Investigation 5-Photosynthesis & assign due date / Tues
*In-Class FRQ-Photosynthetic Pigments / Wed/Thurs
*Lecture Ch. 11
*Assign Pre-lab Investigation 7-Cell Division: Mitosis & Meiosis / Fri
*Lecture Ch. 11
Monday (12/7)
*Lecture Ch. 11
*Thanksgiving Break Extra Credit DUE! / Tues
*Review Ch. 12 / Wed/Thurs
*Investigation 7-Part 1
*ELT Review Thursday / Fri
*Investigation 7-Part 2
Mon (12/14)
*Finish up all assignments for Chapters 11 & 12 / Tues
*TEST CHAPTERS 11 & 12
*PACKET DUE!
*Flashcards DUE!
*Download Study Guide Ch. 13, 14, 15 / Wed
(Final Exam Period)
*Lecture Ch. 13
*Investigation 7-Part 3
II. KEEP IN MIND
Are you beginning to feel overwhelmed by all the material you’re going to have to remember for the AP exam in May? If you haven’t started already, then start a review routine today. Set aside 30 minutes to one hour each week to work on “The Big Review." If you haven’t done any review yet, then start by preparing a one-page study sheet for each chapter we have covered. Each sheet should contain the essential information that you think may be on the AP exam. Another long-term review tactic is to keep adding to your pack of flash cards and review the words in your deck at least twice a week. Just to make it more interesting, try going through your flashcards backward: look at the meanings and then guess the word. One way to reduce stress during a big exam is to walk into the exam knowing that you are well prepared. Start early in your review and keep it up. You’ll score higher on all your AP exams if you’ve made review a weekly habit.
III. KEY VOCABULARY Chapter 11:
adenylyl cyclase
cyclic AMP (cAMP)
diacylglycerol (DAG)
G protein
G-protein-linked receptor
hormone
inositol trisphosphate (IP3)
ligand
ligand-gated ion channel
local regulator
protein kinase
protein phosphatase
reception
tyrosine kinase receptor
response
scaffolding protein
second messenger
signal transduction pathway
transduction
IV. LEARNING TARGETS Chapter 11
1. Describe the basic signal-transduction pathway used for mating in yeast. Explain why we believe these pathways evolved before the first multicellular organisms appeared on Earth.
2. Define paracrine signaling and give an example.
3. Define local regulation and explain why hormones are not local regulators.
4. Explain how plant and animal hormones travel to target cells.
5. List and briefly define the three stages of cell signaling.
6. State where signal receptors may be located in target cells.
7. Compare and contrast G-protein-linked receptors, tyrosine-kinase receptors and ligand-gated ion channels.
8. Explain how the original signal molecule can produce a cellular response when it may not even enter the target cell.
9. Describe how phosphorylation propagates signal information.
10. Explain how protein phosphatases turn off signal-transduction pathways.
11. Define the term second messenger. Briefly describe the role of these molecules in signaling pathways.
12. Describe how cyclic AMP is formed and how it propagates signal information in target cells.
13. Explain how the cholera bacterium causes the symptoms of cholera by disrupting G-protein- signaling pathways.
14. Describe how the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ can be altered and how the increased pool of Ca2+ is involved with signal transduction.
15. Describe how signal information is transduced into cellular responses in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus.
16. Describe how signal amplification is accomplished in target cells.
17. Explain why different types of cells may respond differently to the same signal molecule.