AP BIOLOGY –Cell Unit (Chapter 6 & 7) Objectives

NAMEHOUR

Section 6.1p94-97Do p97 CC#1,2

1.Describe the fundamental structure of cells.

Section 6.2p98-102Do p102 CC#1,2

2.Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells, and contrast their structure with that of eukaryotic cells. (pp. 98-101)

3.Define organelle. List organelles and describe in detail both the structure and function of the following organelles:

Section 6.3do p104 CC#1,2,3

  • Nucleus (including nuclear membrane) (pp. 102-104)
  • Ribosomes

Section 6.4do p109 CC#1,2,3

  • Endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth) (pp. 104-106)
  • Golgi Complex
  • Vesicles & Microbodies: (pp. 106-108)
  • Transport vesicles
  • Endocytotic and Exocytotic vesicles
  • Peroxisomes (p.111)
  • Lysosomes

Section 6.5do p112 CC#1,2,3

  • Mitochondria (pp. 109-111)
  • Chloroplasts

Section 6.6do p118 CC#1,2,3

  • Cilia / Flagella (pp. 112-118)
  • Cytoskeleton

Section 6.7p118-122do p122 CC#1,2

4.Give examples of functioning extracellular matrix in plant and animal cells (pp. 118-122)

5.Explain how some organelles behave symbiotically with the cells they exist in. Give evidence that these organelles may have been free living cells that now live in an endosymbiosis. (pp109-111)

6.Contrast plant vs. animal cells(pp. 100-101)

7.Describe the structure and function of the following cell junctions: (p. 121)

  • Plasmodesmata
  • Tight junctions
  • Desmosomes
  • Gap junctions

Do problems 1-8 on page 124

CELL UNIT ESSAY SAMPLES – CELL STRUCTURE

1981

Describe the structural arrangement and function of the membranes associated with each of the following organelles:

a.mitochondria

b.endoplasmic reticulum

c.chloroplast

d.golgi apparatus

1984

Describe the structure of a generalized eukaryotic plant cell. Indicate the ways in which a nonphotosynthetic prokaryotic cell would differ in structure from this generalized eukaryotic plant cell.

Section 7.1p125-130do p130 CC#1do p141 #1,2,3

8.Explain the “fluid mosaic” model of cell membrane structure and give experimental evidence to support it.

9.Describe the structure and function of the various membrane proteins (transport; receptor; recognition; adhesion)

Section 7.2p131-132do p132 CC#1,2,3do p141 #4

10.Explain the process of diffusion. Contrast diffusion with osmosis.

Section 7.3p132-135do p135 CC#1,2,3do p141 #6

11.Predict the movement of solutes and water for sample cells immersed in various solutions. Correctly use the terms isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic (both from the point of view of substrate concentration and direction of osmosis).

12.Explain the concept of water potential. Use water potential to predict osmosis.

13.Experimentally determine the water potential of living cells. (AP lab)

Section 7.4p135-138do p138 CC#1,2do p141 #5

14.Explain the process of active transport and describe several active transport systems

  • The sodium-potassium pump
  • The proton pump
  • Cotransport of glucose

Section 7.5p138-139do p138 CC#1,2,3

15.Describe the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis.

16.Compare and contrast the various methods of moving molecules across the plasma membrane.

  • Diffusion
  • Dialysis
  • Osmosis
  • Facilitated Diffusion
  • Active Transport

CELL UNIT ESSAY SAMPLES – MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND PERMEABILITY

1983

Describe the fluid-mosaic model of a plasma membrane. Discuss the role of the membrane in the movement of materials through by each of the following processes.

a.active transport

b.passive transport

1993

Membranes are important structural features of cells

a.Describe how membrane structure is related to the transport of materials across a membrane.

b.Describe the role of membranes in the synthesis of ATP in either cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

1998

Cells transport substances across their membranes. Choose THREE of the following four types of cellular transport

  • Osmosis
  • Active transport
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Endocytosis/exocytosis

For each of the three transport types you choose,

a.describe the transport process and explain how the organization of cell membranes functions in the movement of specific molecules across membranes.

b.explain the significance of each type of transport to a specific cell (you may use different types of cells as examples)

2002

The following experiment was designed to test whether different concentration gradients affect the rate of diffusion. In this experiment, four solutions(0% NaCl, 1% NaCl, 5% NaCl, and 10% NaCl) were tested under identical conditions. 15mL of 0% NaCl were put into a bag formed of dialysis tubing that is permeable to Na+, Cl- and water. The same was done for each NaCl solution. Each bag was submerged in a separate beaker containing 300mL of distilled water. The concentration of NaCl in mg/L in the water outside each bag was measured at 40 second intervals. The results from the 5% bag are shown in the table below.

CONCENTRATION IN mg/L OF NaCl OUTSIDE THE 5% NaCl BAG

Time (seconds)NaCl (mg/L)

00

40130

80220

120320

160400

a.graph the data for the 5% NaCl solution

b.Using the same set of axes, draw and label three additional lines representing the results that you would predict for the 0%, 1%, and 10% NaCl solutions. Explain your predictions.

c.Farmlands located near coastal regions are being threatened by encroaching seawater seeping into the soil. In terms of water movement into or out of plant cells, explain why seawater could decrease crop production. Include a discussion of water potential in your answer.