Any Substance with a Definite Chemical Formula and Definite Properties

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Any Substance with a Definite Chemical Formula and Definite Properties

Advanced SLO Review

  1. What is a chemical?

Any substance with a definite chemical formula and definite properties

  1. What is the difference between a cation and an anion? How do they form and what charge is associated with the atom? (Example: Will calcium become an anion or a cation and what will its overall charge be?)

Cations are positive because atoms lose electrons –form from metals

Anions are negative because atoms gain electrons – form from nonmetals

However many electrons are gained or lost will give you the charge. Calcium will lose 2 electrons making it a cation with a +2 charge

  1. What is an isotope?

Atoms with the same number of protons (so it is the same element) but having different number of neutrons (giving them different atomic masses)

  1. What is the planetary model and who developed it?

The planetary model compares the atom to the planets orbiting the sun in that the electrons orbit the nucleus in the same way. Niels Bohr developed this theory.

  1. How many electrons will calcium (Ca) lose in order to combine with oxygen (O).

Calcium will lose 2 electrons

  1. Know the family names of the periodic table, where they are located and general properties for each one. (Families like alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and the other ones we discussed in class.)
  1. Which theory is currently used to describe an atom and what does it say an atom looks like?

Quantum mechanical model says there is a center nucleus composed of protons and neutrons and the electrons orbit the nucleus in random paths.

  1. Draw a Lewis Dot diagram for Hydrogen iodide. (HI)
  1. Be able to write electron configurations for elements 2-10

1s22s22p6

  1. How does atomic number change in the periodic table?

It increases as you move to the right by one

  1. What is the law of conservation of mass?

Mass is not created or destroyed but simply converted.

  1. Identify the products and reactants of the following equation:

H2 + O2 = H2O2

Reactants = H2 and O2Products= H2O2

  1. What is the formula for density? Be able to use this equation to solve for mass if given the density and volume.

D=M/VM=DV

  1. Determine the correct number of significant figures in each value and write in correct scientific notation.

103,20045,092389,000

0.0003003302,392,2300.10010

  1. What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?

Homogeneous the particles are evenly mixed and you cannot see them.Heterogeneous is unevenly mixed and you can see the particles.

Homogeneous –Salt Water, Air, Gasoline

Heterogeneous –Salad, Lucky Charms

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