Antebellum Free Blacks (Page 1)

Black Laws
(pg.161) / 1) What were black laws? Why did states in the north and west pass black laws?
2) What states had black laws prior to the Civil War?
Migration West
(pp.161-162) / 1) What paradox did the Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville notice in the U.S. in the 1830s?
2) Why did many African Americans move west, despite the prejudice they faced there?
Disfranchisement
(pp.162-163) / 1) What had happened to black voters in northern states by 1830?
2) What was the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's ruling in Hobbs v. Fogg? Why?
Demographics
(pg.163) / 1) The number of free blacks relative to the total U.S. population was dropping in the 1800s. Why?
2) How did The Colored American compare the treatment of blacks to recent immigrants?
Economic and Social Life
(pg.168) / 1) What restrictions were placed on free blacks in the south?
2) What requirements did southern states place on free blacks?
Trades and Professions
(pp.168-169) / 1) Compare employment options for free blacks in Boston, MA and Charleston, SC.
2) Why was Julien Hudson's self portrait important? How did he portray himself?

Antebellum Free Blacks (Page 2)

Property Ownership
(pg.169) / 1) Raw numbers indicate that free blacks in the Lower South owned more property than free blacks in other regions of the United States. How are those numbers misleading?
2) What was relatively unique about the economic status of free blacks in New Orleans? How might the history of that territory have contributed to that situation?
Boston
(pg.170) / 1) How had the geographical pattern of free black housing changed in Boston by the mid-1800s?
2) Of what social class were most black political activists in Boston? What jobs did they have?
New York
(pp.170-171) / 1) How did black elites generally regard lower-class blacks in New York?
2) Most areas of New York were fairly racially segregated. Where was that not the case?
Philadelphia
(pp.171-172) / 1) How did Joseph Wilson categorize the economic class structure in Philadelphia?
2) Why were blacks so supportive of the temperance (anti-alcohol) movement in Philadelphia?
Opportunities in the North
(pp.173-174) / 1) Summarize this section.
Opportunities in the South
(pp.174-175) / 1) Summarize this section.

Antebellum Free Blacks (Page 3)

Higher Education
(pg.175) / 1) What colleges were northern blacks attending in the antebellum period?
2) What did Myrtilla Miner do? Did it work out?
Fostering Group Consciousness
(pg.176) / 1) Why were conventions like the Rochester Convention important for fostering group consciousness and protest?
2) What events did leaders of such conventions concern themselves with?
Public Image and Behavior
(pp.166-167) / 1) Why was the name that identified blacks important to black leaders?
2) What things did black leaders stress when trying to "establish their race's respectability"?
Biblical Imagery
(pg.177) / 1) What biblical story did much of the free black community draw on? Why?
2) How was the Exodus story useful as a political tool to fight slavery?
Black Women
(pp.177-178) / 1) What white gender roles were being adopted by blacks in the antebellum?
2) How did those gender roles contrast with the historical experiences of black women?
Women Take Public Action
(pg.178) / 1) Who was Jarena Lee? Why was she important?

Antebellum Free Blacks (Page 4)

Maria Stewart
(pp.178-179) / 1) Who was Maria Stewart? Why was she important?
Sojourner Truth
(pg.179) / 1) Who was Sojourner Truth? Why was she important?
Efforts at Mass Colonization
(pg.180) / 1) Only 15,000 free blacks were transported out of the United States. Obviously, moving hundreds of thousands of people would be hard. Beyond that what divisions within the ACS made it difficult to transport more?
Opposition to the ACS
(pp.180-181) / 1) Why did some people turn against the idea of colonization?
2) Why was Martin Delany opposed to the ACS?
Debate on Colonization
(pp.181-182) / 1) Summarize the arguments made by John B. Russwurm.
2) Summarize the arguments made by Peter Williams, Jr.
The National Emigration Convention
(pp.182-183) / 1) What did Frederick Douglass think about emigration to Africa?
2) Why was it controversial for Mary Anne Shadd Cary to speak at the convention?