1. Frontalis (anterior part of epicranius – main muscle of scalp) / galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis) / eyebrow and nose / raises eyebrows/wrinkles forehead.
2. Occipitalis (posterior part of epicranius – main muscle of scalp) / occipital and temporal bones / galeaaponeurotica
(epicranial aponeurosis) / pulls scalp posteriorly
3. Orbicularis oculi / frontal and maxillary bones / eyelid / squinting, blinking
4. Zygomaticus / zygomatic bone / skin and muscle at corner of mouth / raises corners of mouth; smiling muscle
5. Orbicularis oris / maxilla and mandible / encircles mouth / closes/purses/protrudes lips; kissing/whistling muscle
6. Masseter / zygomatic process of temporal bone and maxilla / mandible / prime closer of jaw and elevates (raises) mandible
7. Temporalis / temporal fossa / coronoid process of mandible / closes jaw, elevates and retracts (pulls back) mandible
8. Sternocleidomastoid / sternum and clavicle / mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone / flexes, rotates, tilts head
9. Rectus abdominis / Pubic bone and symphysis / xiphoid process and ribs / flexes, rotates vertebral column; depresses ribs; stabilizes pelvis when walking
10. External oblique / Ribs / linea alba, pubic bone, and iliac crest / flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen, rotates and flexes trunk of body
11. Internal oblique / Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament / linea alba, pubic bone, ribs / flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen, rotates and flexes trunk of body
12. Transverse abdominis / Inguinal ligament, ribs, iliac crest / linea alba, pubic bone / compresses abdominal contents
13. Serratus anterior / Ribs / Scapula / Prime mover of scapula; raises shoulder; abducts/raises arm (boxer’s muscle)
14. Trapezius / occipital bone and thoracic vertebrae / clavicle and scapula / stabilizes, raises, retracts, rotates scapula (moves scapula)
15. Pectoralis major / Clavicle, sternum, and ribs / Humerus / flexes, rotates, adducts arms; lifts ribs upward
16. Latissimus dorsi / Ribs, vertebrae, and ilium / Humerus / Extends, adducts, rotates arm; pulls body up /forward with hands overhead
Muscle / Origin / Insertion / Action
17. Deltoid / clavicle and scapula / Humerus / Abducts arm; antagonist of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi; active during arm swinging when walking
18. Teres minor / Lateral border of scapula / Humerus / Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity; stabilizes shoulder; adducts/rotates arm
19. Teres major / Posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle / Humerus / Extends, rotates, and adducts humerus
20. Triceps brachii / Scapula and humerus / Olecranon process of ulna / Extends forearm at elbow
21. Biceps brachii / Coracoid process of scapula; glenoid cavity; humerus / Radius / Flexes forearm at elbow; supinates forearm
22. Sartorius / Ilium / Tibia / Flexes, abducts, rotates thigh; flexes knee
23. Adductor magnus / Ischium and inferior ramus of pubic bone / Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur / Adducts, rotates, flexes thigh
(raises thigh towards body), and extends thigh (lowers thigh)
24. Gracilis / Ischium and inferior ramus of pubic bone / Tibia / Adducts, flexes, and rotates thigh; flexes knee
25. Quadriceps Group:
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius / Ilium; femur / Base of patella; tibia / Extends and stabilizes knee; flexes thigh at hip
26. Gluteus maximus / Ilium, sacrum, coccyx / Femur / Extends, abducts, and rotates thigh
27. Gluteus medius / Ilium / Femur / Abducts and rotates thigh; important function of steadying pelvis when walking
28. Hamstrings:
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus / Ischium; femur / Femur, fibula, tibia / Extends thigh; rotates leg; flexes knee
29. Tibialis anterior / Tibia / Tarsus and a metatarsal bone / Flexes and inverts foot
Muscle / Origin / Insertion / Action
30. Fibularis (peroneus) longus / Fibula / Tarsus and a metatarsal bone / Plantar flexes and everts foot
31. Gastrocnemius / Femur / Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon / Plantarflexes foot when knee extended (leg is straight and foot bends toward tibia); flexes knee
Definitions
Prime mover or agonist – a muscle that has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement
Antagonist – muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement
Flex, flexion – decreases angle (bring thigh towards body)
Extend, extension – increases angle (take thigh away from body – you are standing or lying down flat).
Abduct – moving away from midline or median plane of body (raising the arm laterally)
Adduct – movement of a limb toward body midline (lowering raised arm)
Inversion – turns medially – special movement of foot – sole of foot turns medially
Eversion –turns laterally – special movement of foot – sole of foot faces laterally
Dorsiflexion – lifting the foot so its superior surface approaches the shin
Plantar flexion – depressing foot (pointing the toe)
Elevate – lifting a body part superiorly (scapulae elevate when you shrug shoulders)
Depression – moving the elevated part inferiorly
Supinate – turning backwards - refers to movement of radius around ulna. In the anatomical position the hands is supinated - the palm faces anteriorly or ventrally - and the radius and ulna are parallel.
Pronate – turning forward - refers to movement of radius around ulna - the forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly