PRISON BOWL X
Questions head edited by Luke Tierney, vice head edited by Chloe Levine, and section edited by Luke Tierney, Chloe Levine, Mr. Christopher Chilton, Gilad Avrahami, Sam Brochin, Abishrant Panday, Joshua Kwan, and Daniel Ma. Questions written by Hunter College High School (Luke Tierney, Chloe Levine, Mr. Christopher Chilton, Gilad Avrahami, Sam Brochin, Abishrant Panday, Daniel Ma, David Godovich, Brian Lu, Rachel Yang, Alice Lin, Brian Huang, Jeremy Kim, Cerulean Ozarow, Philip Belin, Pedro Juan Orduz, Ben Chapman, Ada-Marie Gutierrez, and Asher Jaffe).
Round 04
Tossups
1. Captain Charles Clerke succeeded this man in his last command. During the 1758-59 invasion of Quebec, this man mapped the entrance to the St. Lawrence River, facilitating a successful British assault. This figure, although not trained as a scientist, nevertheless received the Royal Society’s Copley Medal for techniques that he developed to prevent his crew from contracting (*) scurvy on lengthy Pacific voyages. This explorer landed at and named Botany Bay in 1770, and this man’s most famous ship was the HMS Endeavor. For 10 points, name this British naval captain who was the first European to reach eastern Australia.
ANSWER: Captain James Cook <LT>
2. In Islamic tradition, this figure’s father is Amran. The event for which this person is probably best known occurred during a betrothal. That event is commemorated on March 25th. By some accounts, this woman was related to Elizabeth and lived with her for some time. Elizabeth is known as the mother of John (*) the Baptist. This figure was conceived without sin, or immaculately. Theotokos is a term often used to describe this person. This woman ascended into Heaven directly in an event that is known in the Catholic Church as the Assumption. This woman is regarded as the holiest woman in Islam. For 10 points, name this holiest woman in Christianity, the wife of Joseph and mother of Jesus Christ.
ANSWER: The Virgin Mary [accept Madonna, the Virgin, Mary, or Miriam; prompt on anything descriptive before it is mentioned such as Christ's mother or Joseph’s wife, do not prompt after these clues have been read] <LT>
3. The narrator of this work notes that though it is sunset in Jerusalem, it is midnight on the Ganges River. One section of this work describes positioning three mirrors, and the tears of some characters in this work freeze before leaving their eye sockets in Cocytus. This work, which was written in (*) terza rima, opens with the presence of a lion, a leopard, and a she-wolf in a dark wood. In the last section of this work, an ideal woman named Beatrice guides the narrator, but he is earlier led through a gate marked “Abandon all hope, ye who enter here” by Virgil. For 10 points, name this work made up of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso, a poem by Dante Alighieri.
ANSWER: The Divine Comedy [or Divina Commedia; accept Comedy or Comedìa; accept Purgatorio until “mirrors”; generously prompt on Inferno, Purgatorio, or Paradiso until mention] <CL>
4. A jar with the label “Granny’s Peach Tea” appears in this film, in reference to an earlier quote said by Senator June Finch. One character frantically screams that “the bell cannot be unrung” in a prison at the end of this film. Another character in this film appears in a World War I photograph, shortly before appearing to fight (*) Doomsday, which causes this film’s main characters to ask each other if “she’s with you.” A climactic scene in this film hinges on the fact that the two main characters’ mothers have the same name, Martha. For 10 points, name this 2016 superhero film, directed by Zack Snyder, which features the two title DC Comics characters duking it out to save the world.
ANSWER: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice [accept either underlined part] <SB>
5. Bossuet wrote a discourse on the “universal” conception of this concept, and Hayden White wrote about a “meta-” version using the tools of literary criticism. Hegel argued that this concept is the ultimate judge of the actions of men, and wrote that Africa did not possess it until it was colonized. Thomas Carlyle developed a (*) “great man theory” of this subject, and Giambattista Vico developed a cyclical model of it. Francis Fukuyama claimed that liberal democracy was the final form of human government in a book titled for the End of this subject. For 10 points, what subject is the study of the human past?
ANSWER: history <CC>
6. The 1923 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for work on the elementary electric charge and this phenomenon. The kinetic energy of particles undergoing this effect is given by Planck’s constant times the frequency minus the work function. For a given surface, this effect does not occur below a certain frequency, called the (*) threshold frequency. In 1887, an apparatus consisting of a coil with a spark gap was used by Heinrich Hertz to observe this phenomenon. A 1905 paper by Albert Einstein used the idea of discrete quanta of light to explain this effect. For 10 points, name this effect in which electrons are ejected from a metal due to incident light.
ANSWER: photoelectric effect <AP>
7. William of Tyre called this substance “very necessary for the use and health of mankind,” and described massive cultivation of this crop outside of his city. The ruler of La Gomera in the Canary Islands, Beatriz de Bobadilla y Ossorio, gave her lover, Christopher Columbus, the samples that would become the source for the cultivation for this crop in the (*) Western Hemisphere. The Continental System led to the widespread use of beets to produce this substance, as traditional Caribbean sources of this substance, which was often transported to Europe in the form of rum, were not available. For 10 points, name this sweet, white substance that can cause tooth decay.
ANSWER: sugar <LT>
8. A complaint filed by one character in this novel is heard by figures like the Evil Forest. The protagonist of this novel is famous for defeating “the cat,” and in this novel, Mr. Brown builds a hospital and discusses religion with Akunna. Some characters are held for a ransom of two hundred cowries in this novel with a sequel entitled (*) No Longer at Ease. In this novel, Ezeudu’s son dies when a gun explodes at a funeral, and the protagonist is a wrestler who kills his adoptive son Ikemefuna and beats his wife, violating the Week of Peace in Umuofia. For 10 points, identify this novel about Okonkwo, a work by Chinua Achebe.
ANSWER: Things Fall Apart <CL>
9. A building in this city is capped by a larger than life statue of Ceres because grain is traded there and a Rococo fountain in the center of this city represents the lake on which it sits. The tallest building in this city uses a bundled tube structure, and (*) changed its name in 2009. This city was central to the development of Prairie school of architecture, and many of Frank Lloyd Wright’s works are located in its suburb of Oak Park. For 10 points, name this city which was home to the world’s first modern steel skyscraper and contains landmarks such as the Willis Tower and Millennium Park.
ANSWER: Chicago <BL>
10. SI strains of this virus use the fusion receptor to enter host cells. A 32 base pair deletion in a certain gene immunizes individuals from this disease. That gene codes the receptor CCR5, which is used as an entry point for m-tropic strains of this disease. (*) Reverse transcriptase is used by this retrovirus to insert its genes into the host cell. The disease caused by this virus was once known as “4H disease,” referring to the prevalence of the disease among certain groups, including Haitians hemophiliacs and homosexuals. Famously affecting Magic Johnson, for 10 points, name this virus that develops into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, otherwise known as AIDS.
ANSWER:Human Immunodeficiency Virus [do not accept “AIDS,” “Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome”] <DM>
11. The government addressed in this document secretly employed pamphleteer John Lind to publish a reply. This document was initially transmitted in the form of Dunlap broadsides. The Syng inkstand was used in this document’s (*) signing. The resolution to adopt this document was called for Richard Henry Lee. Although a Committee of Five was assigned to write this document, Thomas Jefferson is generally recognized as the primary author. This statement was ratified on July 4th, 1776. For 10 points, name this document by which the fledgling United States declared its separation from Great Britain.
ANSWER: The United States Declaration of Independence <LT>
12. The recapitulation section of one symphony by this composer ends in a dominant cadence before progressing to an Adagio movement in 3/8. This composer’s last major work was written for wind ensemble and titled Harmoniemesse. This man wrote a concerto in which the solo instrument, a (*) keyed trumpet, reaches a high concert D-flat. In one oratorio by this composer, a string pizzicato is followed by a sudden C major fortissimo on the word “Light.” That work is The Creation. The “Emperor” is one of this man’s sixty-eight string quartets. For 10 points, name this Classical composer of the “Farewell” and “Surprise” symphonies.
ANSWER: (Franz) Joseph Haydn <GA>
13. This character is proud when he is allowed to kiss the tip of a certain royal woman’s finger. This former student at the University of Leiden and former apprentice of James Bates is convicted of treasonwhen he extinguishes a fire in a government building by urinating, and he discusses European society after fighting (*) giant wasps. During one section of the book in which this character appears, characters divide over how to crack eggs and split into the factions the Big- and Little-Endians. Those characters are under half a foot tall and hail from the island Lilliput. For 10 points, name this voyager, the title character of an adventure novel about some Travels by Jonathan Swift.
ANSWER: LemuelGulliver [accept either; do not accept or prompt on Gulliver’s Travels because pronouns]
14. A famous one of these events occurred at Danan, Perboewatan (“per-BA-wa-tawn”), and Rakata. The largest known one of these events occurred at the site of Lake Toba before the lake formed. On February 20, 1943, one of these events began suddenly in the (*) cornfield of Dionisio Pulido. One of these events caused a nuee ardente that destroyed Saint-Pierre on Martinique, and another caused “the year without a summer” and occurred at Mount Tambora. Plinian events of this type release much pumice. One of these events at Eyjafjallajökull (“eh-ya-fyat-la-yo-coolt”) caused widespread air travel shutdowns due to the ash created. For 10 points, name these events, in which a mountain expels lava.
ANSWER: volcanic eruption [prompt on volcano] <DM>
15. It’s not Poeas (“poe-EE-us”), but one of three conditions given by Helenus for the Greeks to win the Trojan War was to put this figure’s son in battle. After this man was killed, his ghost demanded that Polyxena be sacrificed. A tortoise with a head start will always beat this man in a race according to one of Zeno of Elea’s paradoxes. This man gave himself away to (*) Odysseus while disguised as a girl by showing more interest in weapons than jewelry.Although this man refused to continue fighting when Briseis (“bri-SEE-us”) was taken away, he began fighting again when Patroclus was killed. This man had been dipped in the Styx as an infant by Thetis, his mother. For 10 points, name this Greek hero, whose only vulnerable spot was his heel.
ANSWER: Achilles <RY>
16. The first phase of the Bojinka plot consisted of assassinating this figure, and he was also later the target of an assassination attempt by the Turkish Grey Wolves. Two of the most important initiatives during this person’s rule were the establishment of (*) World Youth Day and the condemnation of Marxist liberation theology. During this figure’s tenure, he garnered international attention when he visited his home country in 1979, leading to the formation of the fiercely anti-Communist Solidarity movement the following year. For 10 points, name this Polish pontiff who preceded Benedict XVI.
ANSWER: Pope Saint John Paul II [accept St. John Paul II; accept Karol Józef Wojtyła] Note: Number is required!
17. In one work by this author, the corpse of a student of the philosophers Fichte and Schelling disappears after her daughter is given the name Morella. In another of his stories, Jupiter helps Legrand find Captain Kidd’s treasure. This author of “The Gold-Bug” also wrote about Minister D—, the thief of the title (*) “Purloined Letter,” in a work featuring the recurring character detective C. Auguste Dupin. Another story by this author features the family motto “Nemo me impune lacessit” and the murder of Fortunato by Montresor. For 10 points, name this author of short stories like “The Cask of Amontillado” in addition to poems like “The Raven.”
ANSWER: Edgar Allan Poe <CL>
18. John Haygarth first demonstrated this phenomenon as part of an attempt to debunk Perkins's Tractors as a viable treatment for pain. The author of “Ethics and Clinical Research,” Henry K. Beecher, helped to introduce this phenomenon to the broader public in a 1955 paper. (*) Sham surgery can be used an example of this phenomenon, although it has been more famously demonstrated in studies relating to drugs to treat conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and depression. For 10 points, give the name of this effect whereby a patient improves despite being secretly given a useless drug.
ANSWER: placebo effect <LT>
19. The first true use of this technique is often attributed to Russian-Italian botanist Mikhail Tsvet (“tsee-VYET”), who used it to separate the components of petroleum. One form of this technique is used to analyze and purify mixtures of proteins. That form, the (*) fast protein liquid type of this process, is contrasted with the high performance liquid type, which uses pumps to pass pressurized liquid solvent through an adsorbent material. Lathe and Ruthven invented the size-exclusion form of this process. The paper form of this technique involves a mobile phase that moves up the stationary phase due to capillary action. For 10 points, name this laboratory technique used to separate mixtures.
ANSWER:chromatography [do not accept or prompt on specific types] <AP>
20. One artist of this movement invented the papier collé technique and first used it for his work Fruit Dish and Glass. The Italian character Harlequin plays the guitar in a Juan Gris work from this movement’s “crystal” form. One leader of this movement painted a portrait of Dora Maar in his work The Weeping Woman. An exhibition of Houses at L’Estaque by Georges (*) Braque prompted Louis Vauxcelles (“vo-SELL”) to coin the term for this art movement. Five prostitutes adopt facial features of African masks in one work from this movement, Les Demoiselles D’Avignon. For 10 points, name this art movement pioneered by the artist of Guernica, Pablo Picasso.
ANSWER: Cubism [do not accept “Neo-Cubism” or “Proto-Cubism”] <GA>
TB. A short story by this man opens and closes with, “The wind is rustling / It blows in autumn,” and describes a girl who steals silverberries instead of persimmons. A building where men take sleeping pills to lie with naked, drugged women attracts Eguchi in one work by this author, and in another work by him, a months-long “retirement game” is decided by Move 121. This author of the (*) Palm-of-the-Hand Stories and The House of the Sleeping Beauties also wrote a work about a romance in a hot springs town, and one in which Shingo hears the title noise, The Sound of the Mountain. For 10 points, identify this Japanese author of Snow Country.
ANSWER: Yasunari Kawabata [prompt on Yasunari] <CL>
Bonuses
1. In 1931, Eben Byers lost his jaw due to drinking water with this element in it. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this element that is the heaviest alkaline earth metal. Paint with this element in it was used for glow-in-the-dark watch hands until factories were sued for unsafe working conditions due to this element’s radioactivity.
ANSWER: radium [accept Ra]
[10] This scientist, along with her husband Pierre, discovered radium in 1898, but only managed to isolate it in 1902. Earlier in 1898, this scientist and her husband had discovered polonium.
ANSWER: MarieSklodowska Curie [accept Marie Salomea Skłodowska; prompt on partial answer]
[10] An electrometer based on this effect was used by the Curies in their discoveries of polonium and radium. Crystals exhibit this effect when they acquire an electrical charge due to a physical force.
ANSWER: piezoelectric effect <BC>
2. In the wake of the Russian Civil War, this city became home to its namesake Russians. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this largest Chinese city that sits on the mouth of the Yangtze River. It is the busiest container port in the world, and it is home to a namesake stock exchange.
ANSWER: Shanghai