1

NAME: ______

Second Test

Honors 227

29 October 2015

Using a pencil, please mark the answer on the Scantron card that is most correct. Each question is of equal value.

  1. Use the diagram below to answer the following question:

Anelectronbeam in this experiment will follow ______.

  1. Path A
  2. Path B
  3. Path C
  4. Path D
  5. None of the above
  1. In the figure below, which is a bright line visible spectrum of an atom of chlorine (Atomic No. 17), the spectrum is not continuous because an electron’s transition from one orbit to another ______.
  1. always involves electron pairs (Pauli’s Principle)
  2. is not possible according to the wave-particle duality
  3. involves latent heat
  4. involves random ergs of energy in fuzzy electron fields
  5. in quantum steps

3.Uranium-233, Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239 in nuclear reactors function as ______.

  1. fuel
  2. control rods
  3. moderators
  4. fusion isotopes
  5. None of the above

4.The physical study of the motion of subatomic negatively-charged particles that exist within atoms is called ____.

A.Bundle orbital mechanics

B.Rutherford’s atomic mechanics

C.Fuzzy behavioral field mechanics

D.Einstein’s gravitational mechanics

E.Quantum mechanics

5.Compared to the charge and mass of a proton, an electron has ______.

A.the same charge and a smaller mass

B.the same charge and the same mass

C.an opposite charge and a smaller mass

D.an opposite charge and the same mass

E.none of the above

6.Which of the following pH values is the most acid?

  1. 4
  2. 10
  3. 2
  4. 7
  5. 12

7.Atoms of elements in one singlecolumn on the Periodic Table have similar chemical properties. This observation is most closely accountable to the atoms having a similar number of ______.

A.paired electrons

B.principal energy levels

C.valence electrons

D.atomic mass

E.atoms

  1. The ______bond is formed via the sharing of electrons and orbits between adjacent atoms.
  1. covalent
  2. van der Waals
  3. metallic
  4. ionic
  5. none of the above
  1. For an atom of Lithium (Li; atomic number = 3), the number of valence electrons is ____ and the total number of all electrons is ____.
  1. 1 and 2
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 2 and 4
  4. 1 and 3
  5. None of the above
  1. In class, we used M&M’s to illustrate the principle of a ______.
  1. covalent bonds
  2. ionic bonds
  3. metallic bonds
  4. radioisotope’s decay particles
  5. radioisotope’s half life
  1. In the Periodic Table, the second column on the left is unique in that the valence state of the electrons is/has _____.
  1. always eight electrons
  2. missing only 4 valence electrons
  3. one electron
  4. two electrons
  5. variable as a function of covalent bonding
  1. Which atom contains exactly 79 protons?
  1. Gold(Au)
  2. Bismuth (Bi)
  3. Platinum (Pt)
  4. Oxygen (O)
  5. None of the above
  1. Alpha radiation from radioactive decay is best described as consisting of ___.
  1. protons
  2. electrons
  3. neutrons
  4. A and B
  5. A and C
  1. Of the following elements, which is the best conductor of electricity?
  1. nitrogen (atomic number = 7)
  2. neon (atomic number = 10)
  3. sulfur (atomic number = 16)
  4. silver (atomic number = 87)
  1. An atom of which of the following elements has the greatest ability to attract electrons?
  1. lithium (atomic number = 3)
  2. sulfur (atomic number = 16)
  3. nitrogen (atomic number = 7)
  4. chlorine (atomic number = 17)
  5. neon (atomic number = 10)

16.In the model of the water molecule, the distribution of the oxygen and two hydrogen atoms results in the molecule being ____.

  1. electrically neutral
  2. electrically positive
  3. ambivalent
  4. asymmetric
  5. All of the above
  1. Inionic bonding, the attraction between atoms is due to ______.
  1. electrical charges of ions
  2. staticity of ions
  3. electrostaticty of ions
  4. crystalline dynamics
  5. sharing of electrons and orbits
  1. Of the following, which best describes the options for bonding between atoms?
  1. share one or more electrons plus the orbits with another atom
  2. accept one or more electrons
  3. donate one or more electrons
  4. share one or more electrons without sharing the associated orbits
  5. all of the above
  1. Which radioactive emissions have a negative charge?
  1. neutrons
  2. gamma rays
  3. alpha particles
  4. beta particles
  5. all have a negative charge
  1. The mass of subatomic particles in atoms is best presented by which of the following?
  1. proton neutron electron
  2. electron proton neutron
  3. proton = neutron electron
  4. proton = neutron electron
  5. neutron proton electron
  1. Which of the following paired terms represent the most fundamental building blocks of matter in the universe?

A. quarks and gluons
B. atoms and molecules
C. quarks and leptons
D. planets and stars
E. energy and waves

22.Which of the following lists has the items listed correctly in order from thesmallest to largest?

A. Atom, quark, nucleus, neutron, molecule
B. Neutron, quark, nucleus, atom, molecule
C. Quark, neutron, nucleus, atom, molecule
D.Nucleus, quark, neutron, atom, molecule
E. Molecule, atom, nucleus, neutron, quark

23.Which of the following is a main working part of a synchrotron?

A. A nuclear fission reactor
B. A large ring of magnets
C. A nuclear fusion reactor
D. A flux capacitor
E. A temporal resistor

24.Which of the following statements is true?

A. Magnetic fields decrease the acceleration due to gravity.
B. Moving magnetic fields create matter.
C. Moving charged particles are not affected by magnetic fields.
D. Moving charged particles are affected by magnetic fields.
E. Charged particles are not affected by gravitational fields.

25.Which type of elementary particle exists inside the nucleus?

A. antiparticle
B. hadron
C. lepton
D. electron
E. ion

26.For every particle in the universe, it is possible to produce an antiparticle. Which of the following is a characteristic of an antiparticle?

A. An antiparticle has the same mass but opposite spin of the particle
B. An antiparticle has the same charge but opposite mass of the particle
C. An antiparticle has the same spin but opposite mass of the particle
D. An antiparticle has the same mass but opposite charge of the particle
E. There is no difference between a particle and its antiparticle

27."PET" (as in PET scan) stands for positron emission tomography.Which of the following defines a positron?

A. a negatively charged proton
B. the antiparticle of an electron
C. a negatively charged electron
D. a negatively charged proton
E. the antiparticle of a proton

28.Which of the following elementary particles is made from quarks?

A. hadrons
B. leptons
C. electron
D. positron
E. neutrino

29.Quarks have been isolated and individually observed in the laboratory.

A. True
B. False

30.Which of the following fundamental forces is the strongest?

A. photon force
B. weak force
C. gravity
D. electromagnetic
E. strong force

31.Which of the following fundamental forces is the weakest?

A. photon force
B. strong force
C. weak force
D. gravity
E. electromagnetic

32.The attractive force holding particles together in the nucleus is called ______.

A. the weak force

B. the medium force

C. the electromagnetic force

D. the strong force

E.gravity

33.Telescopes are devices that ______.

A.only use mirrors

B.only use lenses

C.focus and concentrate electromagnetic radiation

D.only magnify light

E.require computers to utilize

34.The portion of the Sun that actually emits most of the light that we see is called the ______.

A.radiative zone

B.convective zone

C.chromosphere

D.core

E.photosphere

35.The solar wind is composed of ______.

A.neutrinos

B.neutral gasses

C.lots of organic substances

D.air

E.charged particles including hydrogen and helium ions

36.Within what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is the Sun's peak energy output?

A.radio waves

B.microwaves

C.visible light

D.ultraviolet light

E.gamma rays

37.What is the current source of energy in the Sun?

A.fission of hydrogen

B.fusion of hydrogen

C.radioactive decay

D.fusion of helium

E.gravitational collapse

38.Before a true star forms, the source of energy of the gas cloud within which astar will form is which of the following?

A.fission of hydrogen

B.fusion of hydrogen

C.radioactive decay

D.fusion of helium

E.gravitational contraction

39.It is estimated that the total lifetime of our Sun is about 12 billion years. Which of the following is closest to approximately how far the Sun is through its life cycle?

A.10%

B.25%

C.50%

D.80%

E.90%

40.Large dust and gas clouds are commonly found throughout space. They are called ______.

A.nebulae

B.supernovae

C.novae

D.galaxies

E.dwarfs

41.The fusion process in very large stars produces chemical elements in the core of a star up to and including which chemical element?

A.He

B.C

C.U

D.Pb

E.Fe

42.Triangulation (parallax) and Cepheid Variable stars are used as part of methods to measure ______.

A.distances to stars

B.energy output of stars

C.lifetime of stars

D.composition of stars

43.An object that is so dense and massive that nothing, including light, can escape from its surface is called ____.

A.a black hole

B.a neutron star

C.a white dwarf

D.a red giant

E.a supergiant star

44.How many stars are there in a typical galaxy?

A.ten to a hundred

B.a few hundred to a thousand

C.millions to hundreds of billions

D.hundreds of billions to trillions

E.both C and D above, depending on the type of galaxy

45.Active galaxies, including quasars have vast amounts of energy pouring out into space from their central regions. What is the source of energy for these active galaxies?

A.hydrogen fusion

B.black holes

C.heavy metal fission

D.gravitational collapse

E.This cannot be explained.

46.Hubble's Law states that ______

A.galaxies are all moving at a constant velocity.

B.galaxies are all moving in random directions.

C.the further away a galaxy is, outside our Local Group, the faster it is moving away from us.

D.all other galaxies in the universe are moving away from our galaxy.

E.Both A and B above are true.

47.Hubble's Law is an indication of which characteristic of the universe?

A.The contraction of the universe

B.The universe is in equilibrium

C.The homogeneity of the universe

D.The expansion of the universe

E.None of the above

48.About what percentage of all the matter within the universe is considered to be dark matter?

A.10 %

B.25 %

C.50 %

D.75 %

E.90 %

49.The most abundant chemical element in the entire solar system is ____.

A.Uranium

B.Iron

C.Helium

D.Hydrogen

E.Lithium

50.As a planetary system and its star forms, the temperature in the core of the nebula ______.

A.decreases in time

B.increases in time

C.remains the same over time

D.cannot be determined

51.Light emitted by elements in distant galaxies (i.e., outside of our Local Group) is ____.

A.the same wavelength as the light emitted by atoms on Earth.

B.redshifted compared to the light emitted from atoms on Earth.

C.blueshifted compared to the light emitted from atoms on Earth.

D.not related to the light emitted by elements on Earth.

E.any of the above is possible.

52.Which of the following is the best scientific estimate of the age of the universe?

A.6,000 years

B.8,000 years

C.1 million years

D.1 billion years

E.14 billion years

53.Because of ______, H2O ionizes in solution to effect pH.

  1. metallic symmetry
  2. ionic bonding
  3. van der Waal forces
  4. radial symmetry
  5. hydrogen bonding

54.Which of the following groups represent the three major pieces of evidence in favor of the so-called Big Bang Theory of the origin of the Universe?

1 – Cosmic microwave background radiation.

2 – Inflation.

3 – Recessional velocity of galaxies outside of our Local Group.

4 – Relative abundance of chemical elements over time.

5 – Galactic average temperature.

A.1, 2 and 3

B.2, 3 and 4

C.1, 3 and 5

D.1, 3 and 4

E.3, 4 and 5

55.In the Bohr model of the atom, a quantum jump is ____.

A. when an electron makes a giant leap

B. when a photon leaps from one electron to another electron during energy absorbing and emitting processes

C. when an electron moves from one allowed state to another without ever being in between states

D.when valence electrons lose their energy

56.A famous experiment discussed in class proved that electrons behave as both waves and particles. The experiment thatproved this behavior of electrons is called the ____.

  1. emergent property diaspora
  2. Rutherford’s gold foil experiment

C.double-slit experiment

D. Einstein’s proof of quantum fluid mechanics

57.According to the quantum mechanics model of theatom, an orbit is a ___.

  1. circular path traveled by an electron around the nucleus
  2. spiral path traveled by an electron towardthe nucleus
  3. geometric region of the most probable proton location
  4. geometric region of the most probable electron location
  5. None of the above

58.The mass of an electron in grams is about how muchless than the mass of aproton?

A. 0.0001 or 10-4

B. 0.001or 10-3

C. 0.01 or 10-2

D. 0.1 or 10-1

E.1 or 100

59.The table below gives information about thenucleus of each of four atoms (A, B, C and D).

Atomic No.Number ofProtonsNumber of Neutrons

A 6 6

B 6 7

C 7 7

D 7 8

How many different elements are representedby the nuclei in the table?

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

60.The major operationallysignificant similarity between a nuclear reactor and a coal-fired generating plant is ____.

A. the turbine must spin at a much higher rate

B. the way the generator turns is in a clockwise direction

C. the use of heated water/steam to turn a turbine

D.the energy source to generate the steam

61.Your exposure to radioactivity over your lifetime largely comes from _____.

  1. natural sources in the environment (e.g., soils, atmosphere)

B.medical processes

  1. nuclear reactors
  2. drinking alcohol
  3. inhaling radon gas

62.An atom of Barium (Atomic No. 56) differs from an ion of barium in that the atom has a greater ____.

  1. number of electrons
  2. number of isotopes
  3. number of neutrons
  4. atomic weight

63.On the Periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing ____.

  1. atomic mass
  2. valence electrons
  3. electron mass number
  4. oxidation potential
  5. pH

64.In the model of an atom below, which of the following are accurately portrayed?

  1. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus
  2. Electrons are found in distinct orbits
  3. Electrons are always found in circular orbits
  4. A and B above
  5. B and C above
  1. The half-life of a radioactive element is ___.

A.the time it takes for 50% of the atoms in a sample to spontaneously decay

B.indicates that it is capable of reducing the life of an exposed human by 50%

C.describes 50% of the energy that is released when the atomic nucleus decays

D.is a measure of 50% the radioactivity that is emitted from each atomic nucleus that decays