Andrew Goldberg
Writing and Rhetoric 1150
9 October 2011
What were the economic effects of the 2004-2005 NHL lockout? How did it effect the finances of the coaches, players, and advertising for the league?
Annotated Bibliography
Dietl, Helmut M. and Lang, Markus and Werner, Stephan “The Effects of Luxury Taxes
on Competitive Balance, Club Profits, and Social Welfare in Sports Leagues.”
International Journal of Sport Finance 5.1 (2010): 41-51. ProQuest. Web. 9 Oct.
2011.
This document talks about what luxury taxes are and when they were applied to sports teams. It also describes what effect a luxury tax has on players and their salaries. This document could help my research by explaining how the fluctuation of salary of players can cause financial instability. This could cause a lockout.
Elliot, Helene. "Labor Battles; NHL; Helene Elliot; Cracks in ice might appear; Even
though league is thriving, owners say they're losing tens of millions of
dollars."Los Angeles Times 2 Jan.2011,Los Angeles Times,ProQuest. Web. 9
Oct. 2011.
This article talks about how even through tough times, the league is still making a substantial amount of money. It is a short article so I would have to do more research on the actual financial numbers during the lockout and for the season after.
Fatsis, Stefan, “NHL Calls Off its Entire Season with Labor Face-Off Cold as Ice.” Wall
Street Journal 17 Feb. 2005, Eastern Edition: ProQuest. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
This article talks about how the lockout of the NHL was a result in the loss of 500 million dollars in two years. It states how much the lockout cost the leagues players and how much it cost the media and advertising. This article would help my research because it explains how players are paid and how the league must budget their money. Because it is an article from a newspaper, I would want to do more research on the actual numbers.
Fort, Rodney, and Lee, Young Hoon. “Structural Change, Competitive Balance, and the
Rest of the Major Leagues.” Economic Inquiry 45.3 (2007): 519-532. ProQuest.
Web. 9. Oct. 2011.
This document talks about the competitive balance in sports leagues and how enough imbalances can drive down the revenue. This source could help with understanding issues with the race of the players and their salaries. This could effect a lockout due to players needs.
“Lockout over Salary Cap Shuts Down NHL.” ESPN NHL 16 Feb. 2005. Web. 9 Oct.
2011.<
This website says that the lockout was caused because there was a failed agreement over the salary cap. It also states the NHL 2004- 2005 lockout was the first time that a North American pro sports team lost an entire season due to the labor dispute. This was the fist time that the Stanley Cup was not awarded since 1919. NHL commissioner Gary Bettman comments on this. For my research I would get more information on him.
Schmidt, Martin B. and Berri, David J. “The Impact of Labor Strikes on Consumer
Demand: An Application to Professional Sports.” The American Economic
Review 94.1 (2004): 344-357. ProQuest. Web. 8 October 2011.
This article talks about what a labor strike is and the conflicts between owners and players. It discusses in detail reasons for a strike or lockout. It also talks about the previous lockout of the NHL, which was not as extreme. The article explains the impact a lockout has on the public and fans. This source will probably be the most useful for my research with facts. I can also follow the citations to more sources.
Staudohar. Paul D. "The hockey lockout of 2004-05."Monthly Labor Review1 Dec.
2005:ProQuest. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
This source says that this lockout was the longest lasting shutdown in sports history. It talks about the uncertainty of there being a NHL season after the lockout and how the union finally comes to a decision for the following season to start on time. It also talks about the relationship between players and owners. This source also explains what the National Hockey League Players Association is. This will be a good source for background information.
Swindell, David and Rosentraub, Mark S. “Who Benefits from the Presence of
Professional Sports Teams? The Implications for Public Funding of Stadiums and
Arenas.” Public Administration Review 58.1 (1998): 11-20. Proquest. Web. 9 Oct.
2011
This source talks about how to justly use tax dollars to build sports stadiums and how the public got involved in major league sports. It explains what jobs are available in sports and how it can rebuild communities and revitalize business districts. This source will be helpful with information about the community’s involvement in spots and the economic impact it has.
Sprenzel,John B."Salary Arbitration in the NHL: Taking the Next Step with Online
Dispute Resolution.”Dispute Resolution Journal62.3(2007):64-71.ProQuest.
Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
This source talks about free agent disputes and the salaries of restricted free agents. It talks about what an online dispute resolution is and how it can solve salary disputes. This source will be helpful in knowing how players become involved with their contrasts.
Wood, Nicholas Jon. "No Hat Tricks Here."AFP Exchange1Dec.2006:ProQuest.
Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
This source talks about the competition of sports. It says that the reason the NHL can compete with the all American sports is its grit and passion. This will be helpful information comparing the NHL to other sports.