Electronic Supplement 1:

Lead Isotope Analysis in Magic Artefacts from the Berlin Museums

JochenVogla, Martin Rosnerb, UwePeltzc, Jaime Curberad, BurkhardPeplinskia

aBAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany

bIsoAnalysis UG, Gustav-Müller-Straße 38, 10829 Berlin, Germany

cStaatliche Museen zu Berlin - Antikensammlung, Geschwister-Scholl-Straße 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany

dBerlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Jägerstraße 22/23, 10117 Berlin, Germany

Phone:+49-30-8104-1144

Fax:+49-30-8104-3527

E-Mail:

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Table 1:Mass fractions of Pb and of other main components in the artefactsare displayed together with their associated expanded uncertainties in brackets.

Element / Mass fraction in mg/g
Artefact No. 1 / Artefact No. 2 / Artefact No. 3 / Artefact No. 4
Pb / 896(50) / 944(50) / 989(50) / 1012(50)
Ca / 10.7(1.1) / 6.5(7) / 22.2(2.2) / 10.7(1.1)
Cr / 4.9(5) / 4.9(5) / 4.9(5) / 4.8(5)
Mn / 5.9(6) / 5.8(6) / 5.8(6) / 5.6(6)
Fe / 5.6(6) / 5.5(6) / 5.4(5) / 6.1(6)
Co / 6.6(7) / 6.6(7) / 6.6(7) / 6.5(7)
Ni / 4.6(5) / 4.7(5) / 4.6(5) / 4.7(5)
Cu / 7.9(8) / 6.6(7) / 7.4(7) / 8.4(8)
Zn / 12.1(1.2) / 4.4(4) / 5.0(5) / 7.2(7)

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Table 2:Results from leaching experiments as described in the text; Pb mass fractions, sample masses and isotope ratios are displayed together with their associated expanded uncertainties in brackets.

Artefact / Treatment / Mass of sample / Pb mass fraction / Isotope amount ratios
No. / in mg / in kg/kg / 206Pb/204Pb / 207Pb/204Pb / 208Pb/204Pb
1 / Water leachate / 2.49(10) / 0.84(8) / 18.867() / 15.702 / 38.931
1 / Acetic acid leachate / 8.8(10) / 0.94(9) / 18.855 / 15.691 / 38.893
1 / Dissolution, no separation / 52.07(10) / 0.90(9) / 18.862 / 15.696 / 38.908
1 / Dissolution & separation / 52.07(10) / 0.90(9) / 18.858 / 15.697 / 38.918
2 / Water leachate / 1.87(10) / 0.78(8) / 18.861 / 15.688 / 38.866
2 / Acetic acid leachate / 8.71(10) / 0.99(9) / 18.859 / 15.683 / 38.852
2 / Dissolution, no separation / 85.22(10) / 0.94(9) / 18.860 / 15.687 / 38.857
2 / Dissolution & separation / 85.22(10) / 0.94(9) / 18.858 / 15.686 / 38.858
3 / Water leachate / 2.47(10) / 0.96(9) / 18.827 / 15.694 / 38.898
3 / Acetic acid leachate / 10.47(10) / 1.1(1) / 18.832 / 15.700 / 38.922
3 / Dissolution, no separation / 59.20(10) / 0.99(9) / 18.821 / 15.689 / 38.887
3 / Dissolution & separation / 59.20(10) / 0.99(9) / 18.817 / 15.685 / 38.877
4 / Water leachate / 6.23(10) / 0.89(9) / 18.832 / 15.692 / 38.908
4 / Acetic acid leachate / 25.25(10) / 0.89(9) / 18.835 / 15.694 / 38.916
4 / Dissolution, no separation / 210.80(10) / 1.0(1) / 18.826 / 15.684 / 38.875
4 / Dissolution & separation / 210.80(10) / 1.0(1) / 18.823 / 15.681 / 38.867

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Table 3:Exemplary uncertainty budgets for the isotope ratios n (206Pb)/n(204Pb), n(207Pb)/n(204Pb) and n(208Pb)/n(204Pb) as determined in artefact No. 3

Rc206 = 1 / Rc204zu206;

Rc207 = Rc207zu206 / Rc204zu206;

Rc208 = Rc208zu206 / Rc204zu206;

K206 = Rc206 / Rco206;

K207 = Rc207 / Rco207;

K208 = Rc208 / Rco208;

Rxa206 = K206 * K206-Sep * Rxao206;

Rxa207 = K207 * K207-Sep * Rxao207;

Rxa208 = K208 * K208-Sep * Rxao208;

Quantity / Value / Standard uncertainty / Unit / Type A/B / Description / Index
Rco206 / 16.89720 / 1.00·10-3 / V/V / A / Observed isotope ratio 206/204 in standard NIST SRM 981 / 3.1 %
Rc204zu206 / 0.0590420 / 18.5·10-6 / 1 / B / Certified isotope ratio 204/206 in standard NIST SRM 981 / 86.3 %
Rc206 / 16.93710 / 5.31·10-3 / 1 / B / Isotope ratio 206/204 calculated from certificate of NIST SRM 981
K206 / 1.002361 / 320·10-6 / 1 / B / Mass fractionation correction factor for isotope ratios 206/204
K206-Sep / 1.0000000 / 50.0·10-6 / 1 / B / Correction factor for separation for isotope ratios 206/204 / 2.2 %
Rxao206 / 18.77270 / 1.83·10-3 / V/V / A / Observed isotope ratio 206/204 in sample / 8.4 %
Rxa206 / 18.81702 / 6.35·10-3 / 1 / Isotope amount ratio 206/204 in sample, standard combined uncertainty
Rxa206 / 18.817 / 13·10-3 / Isotope amount ratio 206/204 in sample, expanded uncertainty, k = 2
Quantity / Value / Standard uncertainty / Unit / Type A/B / Description / Index
Rco207 / 15.44450 / 1.31·10-3 / V/V / A / Observed isotope ratio 207/204 in standard NIST SRM 981 / 4.5 %
Rc204zu206 / 0.0590420 / 18.5·10-6 / 1 / B / Certified isotope ratio 204/206 in standard NIST SRM 981 / 61.2 %
Rc207zu206 / 0.914640 / 165·10-6 / Certified isotope ratio 207/206 in standard NIST SRM 981 / 20.3 %
Rc207 / 15.49135 / 5.60·10-3 / 1 / B / Isotope ratio 207/204 calculated from certificate of NIST SRM 981
K207 / 1.003033 / 372·10-6 / 1 / B / Mass fractionation correction factor for isotope ratios 207/204
K207-Sep / 1.000000 / 100·10-6 / 1 / B / Correction factor for separation for isotope ratios 207/204 / 6.2 %
Rxao207 / 15.63800 / 1.74·10-3 / V/V / A / Observed isotope ratio 207/204 in sample / 7.8 %
Rxa207 / 15.68543 / 6.28·10-3 / 1 / Isotope amount ratio 207/204 in sample, standard combined uncertainty
Rxa207 / 15.685 / 13·10-3 / Isotope amount ratio in sample 207/204, expanded uncertainty, k = 2
Quantity / Value / Standard uncertainty / Unit / Type A/B / Description / Index
Rco208 / 36.55030 / 3.40·10-3 / V/V / A / Observed isotope ratio 208/204 in standard NIST SRM 981 / 5.2 %
Rc204zu206 / 0.0590420 / 18.5·10-6 / 1 / B / Certified isotope ratio 204/206 in standard NIST SRM 981 / 58.8 %
Rc208zu206 / 2.168100 / 400·10-6 / Certified isotope ratio 208/206 in standard NIST SRM 981 / 20.4 %
Rc208 / 36.7213 / 0.0134 / 1 / B / Isotope ratio 208/204 calculated from certificate of NIST SRM 981
K208 / 1.004679 / 377·10-6 / 1 / B / Mass fractionation correction factor for isotope ratios 208/204
K208-Sep / 1.000000 / 100·10-6 / 1 / B / Correction factor for separation for isotope ratios 208/204 / 6.0 %
Rxao208 / 38.69570 / 4.91·10-3 / V/V / A / Observed isotope ratio 208/204 in sample / 9.7 %
Rxa208 / 38.8768 / 0.0159 / 1 / Isotope amount ratio 208/204 in sample, standard combined uncertainty
Rxa208 / 38.877 / 0.032 / Isotope amount ratio in sample 208/204, expanded uncertainty, k = 2

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