Alliteration- the Repetition of Beginning Consonant Sounds

1. Alliteration- the repetition of beginning consonant sounds.
2. Allusion- is the reference to a mythological, literary, or historical person, place, or thing.
3. Apostrophe- is a form of personification in which the absent, or dead, are spoken to as if present, and the inanimate, as if animate.
4. Assonance- the repetition of similar vowel sounds that are followed by different consonant sounds.
5. Colloquial Refers to a type of informal diction that reflects casual, conversational language and often includes slang expressions.
6. Consonance- the repetition of middle or ending consonant sounds.
7. Couplet- two consecutive line of poetry that rhyme.
8. Epiphany- an event in which the essential nature of something- a person, a situation, an object – is suddenly perceived; it is an intuitive grasp of reality in a quick flash of recognition in which something usually simple and commonplace is seen in a new light.
9. Extended Metaphor- a comparison of unlike things developed over several lines of a poem.
10. Figurative Language- word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be understood on a literal level.
11. Hyperbole- is a deliberate, extravagant, and often outrageous exaggeration.
12. Imagery- language that appeals to the senses; evokes a sensory experience and also applies to concrete things imaged.
13. Irony- Contrast or discrepancy between expectation and reality-between what is said and what is really meant, between what is expected to happen and what really does happen, or between what appears to be true and what is really true. (3 types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic)
14. Metaphor- A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, in which one thing becomes another thing without the use of the word like, as, or than.
15. Personification- type of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is talked about as if it were human.
16. Onomatopoeia- is the use of words that mimic the sounds they describe.
17. Oxymoron- two words put together which seem contradictory, but surprisingly express a truth or dramatic effect.
18. Paradox- A statement that contains seemingly contradictory elements or appears contrary to common sense, yet can be seen as true when viewed from another angle.
19. Quatrain- A four-line stanza.
20. Repetition- in poetry includes assonance, alliteration, and the repetition of words, phrases, and even entire lines.
21. Rhyme- is the repetition of sounds in two or more words or phrases that appear close to each other in a poem.

• End rhyme- occurs at the end of lines
• Internal rhyme- occurs within a line of poetry
• Sight rhyme-words look like they rhyme, but they don’t rhyme

1. Rhyme Scheme- is the pattern of end rhymes
2. Simile- A figure of speech comparing two unlike things using like, as, or than.
3. Stanza In poetry, stanza refers to a grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set pattern of meter and rhyme.
4. Symbol- a person, place, thing, or event that stands for itself and for something beyond itself as well.

TYPES OF POETRY:

Ballad Traditionally, a ballad is a song, transmitted orally from generation to generation, that tells a story and that eventually is written down. As such, ballads usually cannot be traced to a particular author or group of authors. Typically, ballads are dramatic, condensed, and impersonal narratives, such as "Bonny Barbara Allan." A literary ballad is a narrative poem that is written in deliberate imitation of the language, form, and spirit of the traditional ballad, such as Keats’s "La Belle Dame sans Merci." See also ballad stanza, quatrain.

Blank verse Unrhymed iambic pentameter. Blank verse is the English verse form closest to the natural rhythms of English speech and therefore is the most common pattern found in traditional English narrative and dramatic poetry from Shakespeare to the early twentieth century. Shakespeare’s plays use blank verse extensively. See also iambic pentameter.

Elegy A mournful, contemplative lyric poem written to commemorate someone who is dead, often ending in a consolation. Tennyson’s In Memoriam, written on the death of Arthur Hallam, is an elegy. Elegy may also refer to a serious meditative poem produced to express the speaker’s melancholy thoughts. See also lyric.

Epic A long narrative poem, told in a formal, elevated style, that focuses on a serious subject and chronicles heroic deeds and events important to a culture or nation. Milton’s Paradise Lost, which attempts to "justify the ways of God to man," is an epic. See also narrative poem.

Free verse Also called open form poetry, free verse refers to poems characterized by their nonconformity to established patterns of meter, rhyme, and stanza. Free verse uses elements such as speech patterns, grammar, emphasis, and breath pauses to decide line breaks, and usually does not rhyme.

Haiku A style of lyric poetry borrowed from the Japanese that typically presents an intense emotion or vivid image of nature, which, traditionally, is designed to lead to a spiritual insight. Haiku is a fixed poetic form, consisting of seventeen syllables organized into three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables. Today, however, many poets vary the syllabic count in their haiku. See also fixed form.

Limerick A light, humorous style of fixed form poetry. Its usual form consists of five lines with the rhyme scheme aabba; lines 1, 2, and 5 contain three feet, while lines 3 and 4 usually contain two feet. Limericks range in subject matter from the silly to the obscene, and since Edward Lear popularized them in the nineteenth century, children and adults have enjoyed these comic poems.

Lyric A type of brief poem that expresses the personal emotions and thoughts of a single speaker. It is important to realize, however, that although the lyric is uttered in the first person, the speaker is not necessarily the poet. There are many varieties of lyric poetry, including the dramatic monologue, elegy, haiku, ode, and sonnet forms.

Ode A relatively lengthy lyric poem that often expresses lofty emotions in a dignified style. Odes are characterized by a serious topic, such as truth, art, freedom, justice, or the meaning of life; their tone tends to be formal. There is no prescribed pattern that defines an ode; some odes repeat the same pattern in each stanza, while others introduce a new pattern in each stanza.

Sonnet A fixed form of lyric poetry that consists of fourteen lines, usually written in iambic pentameter. There are two basic types of sonnets, the Italian and the English.