Lab#1

Alexis Trost[ES1]

Part 1[ES2]

  1. M:\data

J:\html\courses\2010spring\geog\370\006\data

  1. :H\[ES3]

M:\students\atrost\

  1. H:\private

Part 2

  2. A layer is a set of geographic data points [ES4]which can be laid out on a map. These include things such as hotels, trolley stops, and states[ES5].
  3. A feature is very similar [ES6]to a layer but more definitive. Rather than a set of data points a feature is the data point [ES7]itself. The features on the map can include all points and lines[ES8].
  4. The scale is the ratio between the size of the features on the map and the size of those features on the earth. Small scale means that the numbers within the box are smaller, meaning that the features are closer to their actual size on earth. This can be seen when we lowered the scale on the map to 50,000 and the surface streets were displayed rather than just the interstates. Large scale means that the features are a lot smaller shown on the map than they are in real life. An example of this would be zooming out far so all the features are extremely small points relative to the area.[ES9]
  5. Two the views are data view and layout view. Data view allows you to explore the map in more detail but leaves out certain features such as the locator map and possibilities to have more than one map open at a time, by looking at one data frame at a time. The layout view allows a broader scale picture of the map and the ability to examine the layout of all the data frames.[ES10]
  6. – General –helps manipulate the levels in terms of name and description as well as units of display. It also shows the reference scale, rotation and label engine. It gives a way to edit the layers in the legend.

-Data Frame – It allows the user to edit the extent in many different ways (automatic, fixed scale, fixed extent, extent of data in all layers).

-Coordinate System – This allows modification to the coordinate system used.

-Illumination – sets the azimuth and altitude degrees as well as the level of contrast

-Grids – Allows the user to add reference grids that can be drawn on top of the data frame in layout view

-Map Cache – allows the user to add a map cache which increases performance of ArcMap when the data frame consists of data from geodatabases

-Annotation Groups – Allows addition of groups that can be annotated using determined coordinate system

-Extent Rectangles – allows user to add one or more extent rectangles to the data frame. The rectangles added show the extent of the data in one of the other data frames and automatically updates if the extent changes

-Frame – Allows the user to make the border, background and drop shadow for the maps.

-Size and Position – Allows the user to manipulate the size (width,height) and position (x,y) to different elements (layers).

-Arc2Earth – Allows the user to export their graphics and maps

  1. [ES11]Yes, the shape changed because before the map of the US looked wider but now with this coordinate system it looks more proportional.[ES12]
  2. Projection: Albers, False_Easting: 0, False_Northing: 0, Central_Meridian: -96, Standard_Parallel_1: 29.5, Standard_Parallel_2: 45.5, Latitude of Origin: 37.5, Linear Unit: Meter
  3. I feel that this view is more proportional in terms of countries to each other. This is because the data is able to curve along the curvature of the earth. With the other coordinate system the view would have been a flat view and not have depicted the countries across the world as accurately.[ES13]

15.

The 4 data frames depict the same thing however their shape and size varies depending on the size of the independent data frame within the layout.

  1. The data frames vary from the orientation of the maps to the size and shape as well. The GCS has a flat view of the world with the continents stretched horizontally, the Mercator has less blank space and the continents are larger to fill the area, Robinson has a lot of blank space with the continents centered in the screen, while sinusoidal has a rounded view of the world with the continents concentrated in the center like Robinson but the shape is curved and connected unlike Robinson’s flat display. [ES14]

17.

[ES15]

[ES1]34/50

[ES2]For future lab reports, please include questions from lab instructions before typing your answer. Thank you!

[ES3]Minor typo? H:\ not :H\.

[ES4]Not necessarily points. Could be points, lines, or polygons.

[ES5]These would be polygons, rather than points, so a layer would be better understood as a collection of features representing real-life objects. (-0.5)

[ES6]No, features are the representations of real-life objects on the map, and a layer is a collection of these features. (-1)

[ES7]Not necessarily a point.

[ES8]Also polygons!

[ES9]Unfortunately, this is backwards. (-3)

Large scale covers a small area in more detail, and an example would be a map of city streets or a building plan. An example of large scale could be 1:200,000.
Small scale covers a large area in less detail, and an example would be a world map. An example of small scale could be 1:80,000,000.

[ES10]Scale can change in both the data view and layout view. In data view, you can explore, edit, query, analyze, and symbolize data, and only one frame can be viewed at a time. In layout view, frames may be arranged and map elements such as scale bars and titles may be added, and multiple frames can be viewed at once.(-2)

[ES11]These are not the buttons listed in the Data Frame Properties Coordinate System window (Clear, Transformations, Modify, Import, New, Add to Favorites, Ok, Cancel, and Apply). (-5)

[ES12]This is because it changed to a conic projection.

[ES13]This projection is not appropriate for viewing the entire world, but is for viewing one particular country; because it is an equivalent area map, it only maintains the correct land area, not the shape. (-3)

P.S. Notice how countries in the southern hemisphere are stretched and countries in the top of the northern hemisphere are squished? Antarctica is stretched so far it creates something like a halo, a ring around the whole map.

[ES14]Which view is the unprojected one? (-0.5)

[ES15]Need date and data source. (-1)