AIMS REVIEW QUESTIONS
SCIENTIFIC METHOD/INQUIRY
1.Write the six steps of the Scientific Process in order:
2. There are two different types of questions, ______and ______. The first kind of question inquires into the ______of a phenomenon by asking “why” or “how”. The second kind asks ______of an object, event or situation.
3. A hypothesis statement has three parts: ______, ______, and ______. The first part of the statement is the ______; the second part tells what the ______will be, and the third part ______what will happen.
4. Given the following scenario: A) write what each of the variables is B) construct a data table of the data given and C) draw a graph of the data. Don’t forget labels!
Janelle observed that different kinds amounts of fossils were present in a cliff behind her house. She wondered if changes in fossil content occurred from the top to the bottom of the bank. She marked the bank at five positions: 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, and 25 m from the surface. She removed one bucket of soil from each of the positions and determined the amount of fossils in each sample. Her data were:
5 meters: 25 fossils 15 meters: 12 fossils;
10 meters: 45 fossils 20 meters: 57 fossils 25 meters: 32 fossils
A) IV =______DV =______
Constant(s) = ______
B) C)
5. Determine which kind of science is being practiced in the following scenarios:
a. Scientists research how to convert milk into biofuel:
______
b. Scientists study how cutting off blood supply to tumors can diminish their size. They are
contributing to the effort to make cancer drugs that work in new and different ways:
______
c. Particle physicists try to determine if there is a “God Particle”:
______
CELLS (ORGANELLES AND TRANSPORT)
6. Every living thing is made up of ______.
7. State the three fundamentals of the cell theory:
i.
ii.
iii.
8. The two broadest types of cells are ______and ______.
9. The differences between plant and animals cells are as follows:
Plant Cells / Animal Cells-have ______/ -have no ______
-have ______/ -have no ______
-has large ______/ -has small ______
-has no ______/ -has ______
ORGANELLE / FUNCTION
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lysosome
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Golgi Bodies
Cytoplasm
Nuclear Envelope
Centrioles
Nucleolus
11. The cell membrane is made of a ______with proteins.
12. There are two types of movement in and out of a cell:
______: the movement of substances ______the cell membrane without any input of energy by the cell, molecules move ______the concentration gradient (high to low concentration)
______: the movement of substances ______the cell membrane with input of energy by the cell, molecules move _____ the concentration gradient (low to high concentration)
13. The three types of passive transport are: ______, ______, and ______.
14. The three types of active transport are: ______, ______, and ______.
15. ______is the simplest form of passive transport. It is the movement of ______from an area of ______concentration to ______concentration.
16. ______is the movement of ______through a semi-permeable ______from an area of ______concentration to ______concentration.
17. When comparing two solutions, they can be classified as either:
______: a solution that has a lower concentration of solute than another
______: a solution that has an equal concentration of solute as another
______: a solution that has a higher concentration of solute than another
18. ______is the movement of molecules through the cell membrane through a protein.
19. ______is when a cell engulfs ______in a vesicle made from the cell ______and ______is when a vesicle from inside a cell fuses with cell ______and releases ______.
CELL REPRODUCTION
20. The two types of cellular reproduction are: ______& ______.
______is the process your “body” cells use to reproduce. This process is ASEXUAL / SEXUAL.
21. ______is the reproduction of sex cells. This process is ASEXUAL / SEXUAL..
22. Another word for “body” cells is ______cells.
23. Skin cells, nerve cells, and blood cells, are DIPLOID / HAPLOID. This number is represented as 2n / n.
24. Another word for “sex” cells is ______.
25. The meiotic process where sperm are made is called ______. From one germ cell ______(how many) DIPLOID / HAPLOID viable sperm cells result.
26. The meiotic process where eggs are made is called ______. From one germ cell ______(how many) DIPLOID / HAPLOID viable egg cell(s) and ______polar bodies result..
27. Sperm and egg cells are DIPLOID / HAPLOID. Another way to represent this number is 2n / n. A fertilized egg, or ______, is DIPLOID / HAPLOID.
28. This is an alligator’s egg cell:
a. Is this cell haploid or diploid?
b. How many chromosomes does the alligator have in a set?
c. How many total chromosomes does the alligator have in a SOMATIC cell?
d. What is the process that made this cell (the germ cell)?
29. Koalas have 16 chromosomes in their diploid cells. How many chromosomes do they have per set? Show work.
_____ 30. The first phase of meiosis._____ 31. The DNA-duplicating part of the cell cycle.
_____ 32. The phase when chromosomes are pulled to the poles of the cell.
_____ 33. When chromosomes line up in the middle of the spindle.
_____ 34. The final part of the cell cycle, where the cell splits in half.
_____ 35. Two chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and function.
_____ 36. The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane and
nucleolus disintegrate.
_____ 37. The phase when the spindle disappears and the cell cleaves.
DNA REPLICATION
38. DNA stands for ______.
39. ______and ______are credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA, ______is not, even though it was her work that lead to the discovery.
40. DNA’s structure is a ______, which looks like a ______staircase. It is then wound up tightly and held together by ______, this is called a ______.
41. The building block of DNA is the ______, which is composed of: a ______, a ______, and a ______.
42. The four nitrogen bases of DNA are: ______(__), ______(__), ______(__), and ______(__). ___ is properly paired with ___ and ___ is properly paired with ___.
43. The 3 enzymes that help during DNA Replication and their functions are:
______: unzips the ______molecule
______: Bonds the complimentary ______
44. How DNA Replication occurs: First, the DNA is ______by helicase and the two strands are exposed. Then, free floating ______come over and properly line up with their partner (___ with ___, and ___ with ___). Next, polymerase ______the paired ______together. This results in
This results in two ______daughter molecules of DNA, each with one _____ strand and one _____ strand.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
45. A ______of the DNA that gives the ______for one ______is a gene.
46. RNA stands for ______.
47. The four nitrogen bases of RNA are: ______(__), ______(__), ______(__), and ______(__).
48. The three types of RNA are:
rRNA: makes up the ______
mRNA: travels out of the ______and into the ______
tRNA: carries the ______to the mRNA going through the ribosome
49. Protein synthesis is composed of two parts: ______and ______.
50. How Protein Synthesis occurs:
______: The ______of mRNA from a DNA blueprint. This occurs in the ______, then the ______travels out of the nucleus into the ______.
______: The information in the mRNA is ______by a ribosome (made of _____), who “reads” it. The ______RNA (tRNA) enters the ribosome to drop off an ______. The amino acids bond ______into a chain. The _____ of amino acids then exits the ______and folds into a ______.
51. A protein is made up of ____ different kinds of ______.
GENETICS
52. The “Father of Genetics” is ______. He studied ______plants to understand genes.
53. The offspring of the P generation is the ____ generation. The offspring of the F1 generation is the ____ generation.
54. In heterozygous individuals, only the ______allele is expressed in the individual’s external appearance.
55. For an allele (pick a letter) the two homozygous genotype combinations are ______and ______. And the heterozygous genotype is ______.
56. The external appearance of an organism due to the alleles is called the ______.
57. The genetic make-up of an individual, or their letter combination (DNA) is called the ______.
58. There are _____ sex chromosomes in a human. The sex chromosomes of a man are _____, and of a woman they are _____.
59. There are _____ non sex chromosomes in a human, they are also called ______.
60. When one trait is being looked at in a punnet square it is called a ______cross, if two traits are examined it is called ______cross.
For questions 61-64 use the following information:
The trait for free ear lobes (E) is dominant to attached ear lobes (e). If a HETERZYGOUS person is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT person:
61. What is the genotypic ratio?
62. What is the phenotypic ratio?
63.What percentage of the offspring would have attached ear lobes?
64.What two genotypes would you have to cross to get a 50% likelihood that the offspring would have attached earlobes?
For questions 65-67 use the following information:
Hemophilia is a recessive sex-linked trait.
65. Draw the cross (punnett square) between a HOMOZYGOUS
DOMINANT woman with a RECESSIVE male.
66. What is the chance their daughter will have Hemophilia?
67. What is the chance their son will have Hemophilia?
For questions 68-70 Match the explanation with the type of dominance:
Complete Dominance (A) Incomplete Dominance (B) Codominance (C)
68. A dominant allele will always mask a recessive allele when paired together: ______
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69. When two dominants are paired and the phenotype shows both together but not as a blending: ______
70. A dominant allele does not mask the recessive allele, but blends with it when they are paired: ______
EVOLUTION
71. Spallanzani and Pasteur disproved ______, which is the belief that living things arose from ______things.
72. When a species has an inherited characteristic that ______it’s chance of surviving in an environment this is known as an ______. There are 3 forms of this:
Structural: the ______the organism takes
______: the ______processes happening in an organism
______: the innate ______an organism performs
73. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck hypothesized that “______” is how evolution occurred. Charles Darwin argued and hypothesized that is “______.” ______was correct because a species come with ______features and the environment ______the characteristic that is most suited, so the individuals with that characteristic will survive.
74. A particular parent isotope has a half-life of 15 years. If the organism originally had
40 million isotopes, how much will be left after 45 years? Show Work!!!
75.You found a fossil and did tests on it to determine the amounts of the parent isotope and the daughter isotope. You found there were 3 atoms of the parent isotope and 21 atoms of the daughter isotope. The half-life for this isotope is 220 years. How old is your fossil and how many half-lives did it go through? Show Work!!!
76.The 4 patterns of evolution are:
Coevolution: when species are in a ______relationship on each other
______Evolution: when related species become more dissimilar
Artificial Selection: when ______characteristics favored for breeding
______Evolution: when not closely related organisms become more similar
77. The 3 types of structures that are studied in evolution are:
______structures: there is evidence of a common ______although the structure and
its function are different
Vestigial structures: the structure is ______, but had an original purpose
______structures: structures are similar from adaptations due to an ______change.
CLASSIFICATION
78. ______is the branch of biology that identifies and names organisms
79.To write an organism’s scientific name in binomial nomenclature you must ______the first word but not the ______and ______both words, or ______them if hand written.
80. The taxonomic levels from smallest to largest are: ______, ______,
______, ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______.
81. The 3 domains are:
The 6 kingdoms are:
82. A ______is a set of statements that separate a group of organism into one of two different groups over and over again.
83. A ______is a visual image that shows the adaptation paths taken by several different organisms.
84. A ______is a diagram that shows different common features of several organisms.
ECOLOGY
85. What is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis and in what organelle does it occur?
86. What is the chemical equation for Cellular Respiration? And what to places does it occur?
87. The Carbon Cycle includes: cellular respiration, ______eruptions, creation of ______from dissolved ______in the ocean, ______of carbohydrates (eating), the ______of organic material, and the ______(and burning) of natural resources.
88. In the Nitrogen Cycle, atmospheric nitrogen, ______, is not in a useable form, so it must be “______.” There are 3 forms of fixation: ______(lighting), ______(bacteria), & ______(in labs).
89. The Hydrological Cycle, ______cycle, has the following 5 processes:
______: the lose of water out of a plant’s leaves (plants “sweating”)
Evaporation: when water heats up enough to become ______/______
Condensation: when water vapor ______, forming ______
______: the accumulation of water in soil, rivers, lakes, and oceans
Precipitation: when condensation becomes too ______, and falls as ______to the earth.
90. Ecology is the study of ______between ______and the non-living components of their ______.
91. Organic compounds always contain ______and ______.
92. ______(aka: ______) are organisms that make their own energy, while ______(aka: ______) must consume other organisms for their energy.
93.The four types of consumers are:
______: organism that consumes only plants