AH 2 Final Exam Study Guide – The Civil Rights Movement and other Power Movements of the 70s
Please use the textbook (Chapters28 & 29– very helpful!), your notebook, and the Review Packet and Fact Sheet to complete the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper (NOT your notebook). You must answer at least 9questions for minimum credit of 70%. Each question beyond that will raise your grade for this assignment.
- What does CORE stand for and what was the focus of the organization?
Congress of Racial Equality; nonviolent protests to gain civil rights for African Americans - What were the key issues in the Supreme Court’s 1954 ruling in Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas?
School segregation; equal protection under the law; schools had to be integrated - Did Brown v Board of Education immediately change the pattern of segregation in schools? Why or why not?
No, not all schools complied – there was massive resistance; initial decision did not give a specific date for public school segregation to end - What was the SCLC and what was the groups purpose?
Southern Christian Leadership Conference – organize nonviolent protests against segregation - How did events in Montgomery, Alabama help launch the modern civil rights movement?
African Americans were inspired; organized boycotts and protests throughout the south - What are it-ins and Freedom Rides and why were they important in the 1960s?
Sit-ins – nonviolent protests where people sit in an establishment waiting to be served; Freedom Rides – bus trips of whites and African Americans through the South sitting together on buses, using whites-only restrooms, lunch counters, and waiting rooms - How was the integration of higher education achieved in the South?
Through court orders and protection by federal troops - What role did Albany, Georgia and Birmingham, Alabama play in the history of civil rights?
They brought national attention to the civil rights movement; allowed MLK to improve and expand his efforts - What concerns and events led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964?
Images of violence in Birmingham; assassination of Medgar Evers; March on Washington - What was the significance of the March on Washington?
Demonstrated unity within the civil rights movement; showed major popular support for the civil rights movement - Why is the 1964 Civil Rights Act considered landmark legislation?
Took major steps in ensuring full rights for all citizens - What methods did civil rights workers use to gain voting rights for African Americans in the South?
Voter education and registering voters - Why had poll taxes been considered a legal means to prevent African Americans from voting?
The tax was not based on race or gender; it affected the many African Americans who could not afford to pay the tax - What was the 24th amendment?
It banned states from taxing citizens to vote for Congress or president. - What was Freedom Summer?
A project in 1964 that gathered college students from across the nation to go to the South to help register African Americans to vote - What events led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act?
The Civil Rights Act of 1964; Selma march - What was the purpose of the Selma campaign?
To get the attention of the federal government to the voting rights problem - Why did the civil rights movement expand to the North?
De facto segregation; discrimination in the North - Why is it more difficult to end de facto segregation than de jure segregation?
De jure segregation can be ended with laws; de facto is based on attitudes and practices, which are more difficult to change - What was Black Power?
A movement encouraging African Americans to be self-reliant and form separate political organizations - In what ways was Malcolm X different from Martin Luther King, Jr?
Malcolm X did not embrace the philosophy of nonviolence; believed that it weakened African Americans and the civil rights movement - Which issues were important to the women’s liberation movement?
The belief that women and men should be socially, politically, and economically equal; wprkplace discrimination; schools; violence against women; abortion rights - How did Native Americans fight for fairness?
Increased involvement decisions affecting them; occupied Alcatraz; founded AIM and National Indian Education Association - What was the significance of the Red Power movement?
Drew attention to the concerns and living conditions of Native Americans: gave Native Americans a renewed sense of pride in their culture and the need to preserve it - What were the main goals of the movements for Latino rights?
Economic independence; improvements in education; political power; end to job discrimination; control neighborhoods; regain lands - What was the counterculture of the 1960s?
Rebellion of teens and young adults against mainstream American society