African countries experienced military coup in the last two years
- Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Mauritania, and Niger.
African presidents who have removed the term limit
-Mamadou Tandja of Niger
-Yoweri Museveni of Uganda
-Yahya Jammeth of Gambia
-Paul Biya of Cameroon
-Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria
-Idriss Deby of Chad
-Ismail Omar Guelleh of Djibouti
African Coups
- Algeria (1965, 1992)
- Benin (1963, 1965, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1972)
- Burkina Faso (1966, 1974, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1987)
- Burundi (1966, 1976, 1987, 1996)
- Central African Republic (1965, 1979, 1981, 2003)
- Chad (1975)
- Comoros (1975, 1978, 1989, 1990, 1999, 2001)
- Congo, Republic of (1963, 1968, 1977, 1979)
- Congo, Democratic Republic of (1965)
- Cote d’Ivoire(1999, 2001)
- Egypt (1952, 1954)
- Equatorial Guinea (1979)
- Ethiopia (1974)
- Gabon (1964)
- The Gambia (1994)
- Ghana (1966, 1972, 1978, 1979, 1981)
- Guinea (1984, 2008)
- Guinea-Bissau (1980, 1998, 2003, 2008)
- Lesotho (1986, 1991, 1994)
- Liberia (1980)
- Libya (1969)
- Madagascar (1972, 2009)
- Mali (1968, 1991)
- Mauritania (1978, 1980, 1984, 2005, 2008)
- Niger (1974, 1996, 1999, 2010)
- Nigeria (1966, 1966, 1975, 1983, 1985, 1993)
- Rwanda(1973)
- Sao Tome and Principe (1995, 2003)
- Seychelles (1990)
- Sierra Leone (1967, 1968, 1992, 1996, 1997)
- Somalia (1969)
- Sudan (1958, 1964, 1969, 1985, 1989)
- Togo(1963, 1967, 1967, 2005)
- Uganda (1971, 1979, 1980, 1985)
South American Coups
•Argentina (1966, 1976)
•Bolivia (1964, 1969, 1971, 1980)
•Brazil (1964)
•Chile (1973)
•Paraguay (1989)
•Peru (1968)
•Uruguay (1973)
Different forms of governments
-anarchy, monarchy, polyarchy
-aristocracy, autocracy, democracy, kleptocracy, meritocracy, plutocracy,
-absolutism, authoritarianism, populism, totalitarianism
National Political System
- federation, confederation, centralized System
Soviet Federation
- Baltic States–Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
- European States–Belarus, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine
- Trans-Caucasian States–Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
- Central Asian States–Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Yugoslavian Federation
- Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia
Russia’s AutonomousRepublics in the Trans-Caucasian Region
- Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia, North Ossetia
Terms for Political Separation
- autonomy, decentralization, devolution, independence, irredentism, secession, self-determination
Terms for Mass Killings
- ethnic cleansing, genocide, holocaust, massacre, pogrom
Types for Voting
- election, recall, initiative, referendum (ballot, number, plebiscite, proposition)
Terms for Higher Education
- admission, conditional admission, quota, diversity, affirmative action program, equality of opportunity, entrance examination, standardized test, application, recruitment
Three Restrictions on Mainland Students in Taiwan
1. the universities to be enrolled in the program
2. the number of student to be admitted,
3. the professional areas in which the Chinese students’ education credentials will be recognized
Six Nos for Mainland Students in Taiwan
1. No preferential scores
2. Not to affect local enrollment number
3. Not eligible for scholarship
4. Not allowed to moonlight
5. Not allowed to seek jobs
6. Not allowed to take tests for civil service examination
Different electoral systems
-single member district
-first-past-the-post
-two rounds, absolute majority
-proportional representation
-single non-transferable vote
-mixed system
Various political systems
Parliamentary, Presidential, Semi-Presidential, Majority Rule, Minority Government
United Kingdom
- England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Great Britain
British Politics
Westminster Model, House of Lords, House of Commons, Member of Parliament, Cabinet/Shadow Cabinet, Backbenchers, Magna Carta, Monarch, Buckingham Palace, Prime Minister, Downing Street 10
British Political Parties
-Conservatives, Labours, Liberal Democrats, Scottish Nationalists, Welsh Nationalists, Greens. Democratic Unionists
British Parliament
Majority Party, Minority Party, Hung Parliament, Coalition Government, Minimum Winning Coalition
British Politicians
David Cameron, Nick Clegg, Gordon Brown, Tony Blair
British Election
Fixed Term/Term Limit, Impeachment/No Confidence Vote, Early Election/Snap Election, Midterm Election/By Election, Dissolution of Parliament, Resignation
Vocabulary
- conserve, deserve, preserve, reserve
- insurgency, resurgence
- pacification, rectification
- eminent, pre-eminent, prominent
- implicit, explicit
- abrupt, disrupt, interrupt
- liberation, liberalization
- dissipate, precipitate
- systemic, systematic
- dissolution, resolution, solution
- decline, incline, recline,
- meditation, premeditation
- crumble, grumble
- execute, persecute, prosecute
- reprise, reprisal
- vibrate, reverberate
- neuralgia, nostalgia
- aspire, conspire, inspire, respire
- accede, cede, concede, recede, precede, secede
- entente, détente
- oppression, repression, suppression
- elusive, illusive
- dramatic, traumatic
- appreciate, depreciate
- absolve, dissolve, resolve, solve
- methodical, methodological
- mob, yob
- mediate, intermediate, meditate