Supplementary Table 1.Characteristics of case-control studies addressing risk factors for gastric cancer in Latin America

Country / Authors [reference] / Recruitment
period / Risk factors extracted / Cases/controls / Type of controls / Age range (or mean) a, years / Males, %a / Tumor characteristic / Adjustment
variables
SES / Dietary factors / Lifestyle habits / Genetic variants / Histological type, % / Anatomic subsite, %
BRAZIL b / Hamada et al. [24]c / 1991-1994 / - / fruits, total vegetables, green vegetables, red meat, fish / smoking, alcohol / - / 96/192 / hospital-based (several services) / 38-89 / 62.5 / I: 27; D: 22; U: 51d / NC: 83; U:17 / age, sex, country of birth, red meat
Nishimotoet al. [25]e / 1991-1994 / - / fruits, total vegetables, green vegetables, red meat, fish / smoking, alcohol / - / 236/236 / hospital-based (several services) / 40-79 / 72 / I: 36; D: 32; U: 32d / N/A / age, sex, race, education, smoking, fruits, vegetables
Gattiet al. [26]
Khayatet al. [27] / 2000-2003 / - / - / - / IL1B-511, IL1B-31, IL1RN VNTR,TP53 codon 72 / 56/56 / healthy blood donors / (56) / 75 / I: 45; D: 55 / NC: 89;
CA: 11 / age, sex
Colombo et al. [28] / N/A / - / - / - / GSTM1 / 100/150 / healthy subjects / 20-93 / 65 / N/A / N/A / age, sex, ethnicity
Rocha et al. [29] / N/A / - / - / - / IL1B-31, IL1RN VNTR, TNFA-308 / 166/536 / healthy blood donors / N/A / 74 / N/A / NC: 100 / none
Meloet al. [30] / 2003-2004 / - / - / - / IL1B-511, IL1B-31, IL1RN VNTR, TNFA-308 / 30/100 / healthy subjects / 18-90 / 61.6 / I: 100 / N/A / none
Gomes de Souza et al.[31] / 2005-2007 / - / - / - / TP53 codon 72 / 84/185 / healthy subjects / (59.7) / 48.3 / N/A / N/A / none
Jorge et al. [32] / N/A / - / - / smoking, alcohol / - / 150/164 / healthy blood donors / 20-93 / 63.7 / N/A / N/A / age, sex, smoking, alcohol, H. pylori status
CHILE
Lee et al.[33] / N/A / - / - / smoking, alcohol / GSTM1 / 73/263 / hospital-based
(gastroenterology service) / 22-94 / 75.8 / N/A / N/A / age, sex
COLOMBIAb
Rodriguez et al. [34] / 1994-1996 / - / - / smoking, alcohol / - / 85/170 / hospital-based (gastroenterology service) / 20-88 / 62.4 / N/A / N/A / age, sex, H. pylori status
Torres et al.[35] / 2000 / education / - / smoking, alcohol / GSTM1, TNFA-308 / 50/96 / hospital-based
(gastroenterology service) / N/A / 45.2 / N/A / N/A / age, sex, education, family history of gastric cancer, alcohol, smoking, smoked food, H. pylori status
Campos et al. [36] / 2000-2002 / - / fruits, total vegetables, table salt / smoking / - / 216/431 / hospital-based
(several services) / N/A / 62.8 / I: 40; D: 40; U: 20 / upper-third: 11; middle-and lower-third: 78; U: 11 / age, sex, hospital
Bermudez et al.[37] / 2001-2005 / education / chili pepper, processed meat / alcohol / - / 153/307 / hospital-based
(internal medicine and gastroenterology services) / 20-89 / 60 / I:46 ; D:31; M: 19; U:4 / NC: 75;
CA: 25 / age, education, family history of cancer, ABO group, alcohol, chili pepper, processed meat
Martinez et al. [38] / 2000-2003 and
2005-2006 / education / fruits, total vegetables, green vegetables, total meat, processed meat, table salt / - / - / 38/103 / subjects with mild gastritis by endoscopic examination / 30-89 / 57.4 / I: 76; D: 16; M: 8 / N/A / age, sex, education, altitude, table salt, total calories, H. pylori cagA status
Martinez et al. [39] / 2000-2008 / - / - / - / IL1B-511, IL1RN VNTR, TNFA-308 / 58/194 / subjects with mild gastritis by endoscopic examination / N/A / 50 / I: 72; D: 21; M: 7 / N/A / age, sex, education, gastric cancer risk area, H. pylori cagA status, studied polymorphisms
Gomez-Zuletaet al. [40] / 2007-2008 / education / fruits, total vegetables chili pepper, red meat, processed meat, fish, table salt / smoking, alcohol / - / 90/93 / hospital-based
(subject with duodenal ulcer) / 18-89 / 58.9 / I: 82; D: 18 / NC: 79;
CA: 21 / age, sex
Cardona-Rivas et al. [41] / N/A / - / - / alcohol / TP53 codon 72 / 65/65 / healthy subjects / (54) / 65.4 / I: 75; D: 25 / N/A / age, sex, SES, smoking
Castaño-Molina et al. [42] / 2001-2002 / - / - / smoking / GSTM1 / 87/87 / healthy subjects
(hospital visitors) / (58) / 63.8 / I: 74; D: 26 / N/A / age, sex
COSTA RICA b
Alpizar-Alpizaret al [43]
Alpizar-Alpizaret al.[44] / 1999-2000 / - / - / - / IL1B-511, IL1B-31, IL1RN VNTR, TP53 codon 72 / 58/58 / screened subjects with negative X-ray findings / (62.3) / 79.8 / I: 48, D: 31; U: 21 / N/A / age, sex
Gonzálezet al. [45] / N/A / - / - / - / GSTM1 / 31/51 / screened subjects with negative X-ray findings / 18-93 / 70 / N/A / N/A / none
Con et al. [46] / 2005-2007 / - / - / - / IL1B-511, IL1RN VNTR / 52/191 / hospital-based (surgery service) / 23-76 / 41.8 / N/A / N/A / age, sex
HONDURAS
Morgan et al. [47] / 2002-2004 / - / - / - / IL1B-511, IL1RN VNTR, TNFA-308 / 170/162 / population-based / 18-91 / 55.8 / I: 47; D: 47; M: 6 / NC: 98; CA: 2 / none
MEXICO b
López-Carrillo et al. [48]
López-Carrillo et al. [49]
Ward et al. [50] / 1989-1990 / - / fruits, total vegetables, green vegetables, chili pepper, total meat, processed meat, fish, table salt / smoking, alcohol / - / 220/752 / population-based / 20-98 / 43 / I: 45; D: 43; U: 12 / N/A / age, sex history of peptic ulcer, SES, smoking, alcohol, table salt, fruits, vegetables, beans, total calories, chili pepper, processed meat
López-Carrillo et al. [51] / 1994-1996 / - / capsaicin / - / - / 234/468 / hospital-based
(several services) / 28-86 / 56.8 / I: 34; D: 56; M: 10 / N/A / age, sex, city of residence, total calories, education, smoking, alcohol, fruits, vegetables, processed meat, H. pylori status,
Lacasaña-Navarro et al. [52] / 1994-1996 / - / fruits, total vegetables / alcohol / - / 201/427 / hospital-based
(several services) / 28-85 / 56.6 / I: 34; D: 55; M: 11 / N/A / age, sex, city of residence, total calories, education, capsaicin, alcohol, H. pylori cagA status, MTHFR, folate
Sicinschiet al. [53] / 1994-1996 / - / - / - / IL1B-31, IL1RN VNTR / 183/377 / hospital-based (several services) / (58.5) / 56.4 / I: 36; D 53; M: 11 / N/A / age, sex, city of residence, education, H. pylori cagA status
Garza-Gonzalez et al. [54] / N/A / - / - / - / IL1B-31, IL1RN VNTR, TNFA-308 / 63/215 / hospital-based (gastroenterology service) / 18-92 / 50 / I: 46; D: 54 / NC: 100 / none
Pérez-Pérez et al. [55] / N/A / - / - / - / TP53 codon 72 / 65/182 / hospital-based (gastroenterology service) / 18-89 / 51.6 / I: 46; D: 54 / NC: 100 / none
Galván-Portillo et al.[56] / 2004 / - / total vegetables, chili pepper, salt / alcohol / - / 248/478 / population-based / (58) / 54 / I: 36; D: 61; U: 3 / N/A / age, sex, education,total calories
PERU
Gehmertet al. [57] / 2005-2006 / - / - / - / IL1B-511, IL1RN VNTR / 133/133 / hospital-based (gastroenterology service) / (64) / 45.9 / I: 69; D: 31 / NC: 100 / age, sex, house material, water preparation, waste removal
URUGUAY b
De Stefani et al. [58] / 1985-1988 / - / fruits, total vegetables, total meat, salted meat / smokingf, alcohol f / - / 210/630 / hospital-based (several services) / 30-89 / 66 / N/A / NC: 24; CA: 13; U: 63 / age, sex, urban/rural status, smoking, diet-related variables, wine
De Stefani et al. [59] / 1992-1996 / - / - / smokingf, alcohol f / - / 311/933 / hospital-based (several services) / 25-84 / 100 / I: 21; D: 9; U: 70 / NC: 85; CA: 8; W: 7 / age, city of residence, urban/rural status, smoking duration, alcohol, vegetables
De Stefani et al. [60] / 1993-1996 / - / fruits, total vegetables, red meat / - / - / 340/698 / hospital-based
(several services) / 25-84 / 65.8 / I: 68; D: 11; U: 21 / NC: 88; CA: 6; W: 6 / age, sex, city of residence, urban/rural status, smoking duration, alcohol, yerba mate
De Stefani et al. [61] / 1997-2000 / - / green vegetables / - / - / 160/320 / hospital-based (several services) / 30-89 / 70.6 / N/A / NC: 86; CA: 14 / age, sex, city of residence, urban/rural status, education, BMI, fruits, total calories
De Stefani et al. [62] / 1996-2000 / education / fish / smoking, alcohol / - / 240/960 / hospital-based (several services) / 30-89 / 70 / N/A / NC: 89; CA: 11 / age, sex, city of residence, urban/rural status, education, BMI, total calories
Aune et al. [63] / 1996-2004 / - / fruits, total vegetables, / - / - / 275/2,032 / hospital-based (several services) / 22-89 / 65 / N/A / N/A / age, sex, city of residence, education, income, interviewer, BMI, alcohol, smoking-related variables, dairy, grains, fat, fish, poultry, mate, meat, mate, total calories
De Stefani et al. [64] / 1988-2005 / - / salted meat / - / - / 399/3,798 / hospital-based (several services) / 30-89 / 55 / N/A / N/A / age, sex, city of residence, urban/rural status, education, smoking-related variables, alcohol, fruits, vegetables, total calories
Aune et al. [65] / 1996-2004 / - / total meat, red meat / - / - / 275/2,032 / hospital-based (several services) / 23-89 / 65 / N/A / N/A / age, sex, city of residence, education, income, interviewer, BMI, smoking-related variables, fruits, vegetables, dairy, grains, fat, fish, poultry, mate, total calories
VENEZUELA b
Muñoz et al. [66] / 1991-1997 / education / fruits, total vegetables, chili pepper, total meat, fish, table salt / smoking, alcohol / - / 292/485 / neighbors / N/A / 69.8 / N/A / N/A / age, sex, smoking, alcohol, total calories, SES
Cañaset al. [67] / 2005-2007 / - / - / - / IL1B-511, IL1RN VNTR / 84/84 / hospital-based (gastroenterology service) / 18-95 / 49.8 / I: 87; D: 13 / N/A / none
Cañaset al. [68] / 2005-2008 / - / - / - / TP53 codon 72 / 65/87 / hospital-based (gastroenterology service) / 18-95 / 57.2 / I: 74; D: 17; U: 9. / N/A / none

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CA, cardia; D, diffuse; I, intestinal; M, mixed; NC, noncardia; SES, socioeconomic status; U, unspecified; VNTR, variable number tandem repeat; W, whole stomach; N/A, not available.

aEstimates based on cases and controls combined.

b Overlapping populations identified (Gattiet al. [26] and Khayatet al.[27]; Martinez et al. [38] and Martinez et al. [39]; Cardona-Rivas et al. [41] and Castaño-Molina et al. [42]; Alpizar-Alpizaret al. [43], Alpizar-Alpizaret al. [44] and Gonzalez et al. [45];Lopez-Carrillo et al. [48], Lopez-Carrillo et al. [49] and Ward et al. [50]; López-Carrillo et al. [51], Lacasaña-Navarro et al. [52] and Sicinschiet al. [53]; Garza-Gonzalez et al. [54] and Pérez-Pérez et al. [55]; De Stefani et al. [59] and De Stefani et al. [60]; De Stefani et al. [61], De Stefani et al. [62], Aune et al. [63], De Stefani et al. [64] and Aune et al. [65]; Cañaset al.[67] and Cañaset al. [68]).

cStudy populationis Brazilians of Japanese descent.

dInformation taken from Hanaoka et al., 2001 [20].

eStudy population is Brazilians of non-Japanese descent.

f Study population is males only.