Advanced plant physiology - Study question
Life Science, NCHU
Dr. CHIN HO LIN
1.Chapters from my life by James Bonner.(ARPP. 1994.)
2. (a). Briefly describe 3 laws of T.D.
(b). Summarize concepts of 3 laws by giving example based on a comprehension of the word we live in.
＊ref.: 1. Taiz and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant physiology. Chap.2
3. Explain evolutionary view on how life was originated (origin of life). (Ref: Chapter 37, Biochemistry, Lehninger)
4. Explain how primitive single cell organism, success (消長) from aquatic environment to terrestrial environment (land plant ).
5. (a). Give your own definition of life.
(b). A kidney or eyes to be artificially transferred and
(c). A basket of apple from the market.
Are they alive? Elaborate your answer.
6. Define following
★virus, protein, nucleic acid, PPLO, Mycoplasma.
★whether they are to be considered alive or dead?
＊ref.:1. Stanier, R.Y., E.A. Adelberg and J. L. Ingraham. 1976. The Microbial World. 4 th Edition. pp: 79-80, 126
2.Zubay, G. Biochemistry. 2nd Edition. Macmillan.
7. Diagram a plant cell, and label all parts; check out the dimension and function of each organelles.
＊ref.: 1.Salisbury & Ross. 1985. Prologue. Plant Physiology. pp: 1-15.
2.Rost, Barbour, Thornton, Weier, and Stocking.
1984.Botany. 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons.
3.Taiz & Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.
8. DNA finger print.(世界周刊)
9. Define cell totipotency. (P1. physiol. text ) Elaborate by citing F.C. Steward’s work with carrot root culture.
＊ref.: 1. F.C. Steward. 1964. Growth and development of cultured plants cells. Science 143:20-24.
2.Levitt J. 1969. Introduction to plant physiol. pp:11
3.Taiz & Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. pp:386
10. Design an ideal cell based on the concept of best energy conservation, elaborate your point of energy conservation in your ideal cell.
11. Explain:
(a).carrier hypothesis (b).dual patternn of ion transport
(c).kinetics of carrier mediated transport
(d).endosymbiosis
＊ref.: 1.Epstein, E. 1972. Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and perspectives pp:80-150.東南印刷廠.
2.Taiz, L., and Eduardo Zeiger. 1990. Plant Physiol. Chapter 12 The Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., Inc.
12. Describe Hodge’s work on localization of ATPase in membrane.
＊ref.:1.Leonard, R. T., & T. K. Hodge. 1973. Characterization of plasma membrane-associated adenosine-Triphosphatase Activity of Oat Roots. Plant Physiol. 52:6-12.
2.Black, N. E., & T. K. Hodge.1975. Plasma Memberane Adenosine Triphosphatase of Oat Roots. Plant Physiol. 55:83-86.
3.Blade, N. E., H. Sze, R. T. Leonard, & T. K. Hodge 1974. Cation Sensitivity of the plasma Membrane ATPase of Oat Roots, In membrane transport in plants. Springer-Verlag New York Heidelberg Berlin. pp:301-306.
13. Summarize Epistein’s view on how ions transport across membrane into Symplast.
＊ref. :1.Epstein, E. 1972. Mineral Nutrition of plants.東南印刷廠. pp: 80-150.
14. What is “Aquaporins”. Explain how aquaporins facilitate water transport through the plasma membrance and the tonoplast.
＊ref. :1Maurel C. et al. 1995. EMBO J. 14: 3028-3035.
2.Daniels M. J. et al. 1994. Plant Physiol 106: 1325-1333.
3.Robinson D. G. et al .1996. Plant Physiol 111: 645-649.
15. Describe shuttle system, explain & give evidences of 3 shuttle models.
＊ref. :1.Stocking, C. R., and U. Heber. 1976. Transport in plants Ⅲ. Intracellular Interactions and Transport Processes. Springler-Verlag. pp:122-123.
16. Explain patch clamp techniques vs ion channels.( P137, T & Z )
17. How would you prove that K+ is involved in stomata movement. Base on the techniques taught in class, give an decisive evidence.附圖說明之。(Mineral nutrition of plants P311)
18. Relate the interacting role of Ca++, K+ and ABA in stomatal behavior.
＊ref. :1.Mansfield, T. M., Ahetherington , and C. J. Atkinson. 1990. Somecurrent aspect of stomatal physiology. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. pp:55.
2.許玉妹、林金和. 1993. 植物缺乏水時ABA與氣孔開閉之關係.中國園藝39(1): 8-13
19. Summarize permeability characteristics of chloroplast inner envelope. Compare the rate of transport of metabolite and coenzymes in photosynthetic cell.
＊ref. :1.Stocking, C. R., and U. Heber. 1976. Transport in plants Ⅲ. Intracellular Interactions and Transport Processes. Springler-Verlag. pp:122-123.
20. How would you identify an isolated chloroplast as a class 1 chloroplast.（附圖說明）.
＊ref. :1.Stocking, C. R., and U. Heber. 1976. Transport in plants Ⅲ. Intracellular Interactions and Transport Processes. Springler-Verlag. pp:122-123.
21. Explain Tritiated thymidine method for determination of cell cycle time.
＊ref. :1.Rost, T. L., M. G. Barbour, R. M. Thornton, T. E. Weier, and C. R. Stocking. 1984 Botany. A Brief Introduction to Plant Biology. 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons. pp: 34-38.
22. Define “plastochron index” and give an example to explain its physiological significance.
＊ref.:1.Erickson, R. O. and F. J. Michelini. 1957. The plastochron index. Amer. J. Bot. 44(4): 297-304.
2.Michelini. F. J. 1958. The plastochron index in developmental studies of Xanthium italicum Moretti. Amer, J. Bot. 45: 525-533.
3.Coleman. W. K. and R. I. Greyson. 1976. The growth and development of the leaf in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). 1. The plastochron index, a suitable basis for description. J. Bot. 54: 2421-2428.
4.Keller, E. and K. L. Steffen. 1995. Increased chilling tolerance and altered carbon metabolism in tomato leaves following application of mechanical stress. Physiol. Plant. 93: 519-525.
23.List and compare methods of tissue disruption their advantage and disadvantage.
24. Summarize 3 papers by De Duve, Claude & Palade.
＊ref.:1.Christian, D. D. July 18, 1975. Explain cell with centrifuge. Science. 189:186-193.
2.Palade, G. Augt. 1975. Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis. Science. 189:347-358.
3.Claude, A. The coming of age of the cell . Science. 189:433-435.
Summarize 3 papers, and point out their major contributions in biology.
25. Describe & explain Hybridoma.
＊ref. :1.Salisbury ,F. B. and C. W. Ross. 1985. Physiology. Wadsworth, Co.pp:388.
26. Explain the principle of the following techniques.
(a).X-ray analysis (b).Freeze etching
(c).EM-Autoradiograph (d).immuno histochemistry
(e).ELISA (f).Image analysis
(g).Compare the principle of the following techniques.western blot, Elisa, tissue printing and immunolocalization.
＊ref. :1.Becker, W. M., 1986. The World of the Cell .The Benjamin/Cumming Pub. Co., Inc.
27. Principle of the Mass spectrometer.
＊ref. :1.Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc. pp:434-436.
28. Explain “internal standard” in physical chemical analysis.
＊ref. :1. Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc. pp:435
29. Measure or define the dimension of the following items:
★mm, mm, Å, nm, mg, mg, picogram
★Radio wave, infrared, visible light, UV, blue light, X-ray, green light, red lihgt, e- beam.
★Epithelial cell, Red cell, Bacteria, PPLO, Virus, Protein, Amino acid ,Water, Atoms.
★Unaided eye, LM, EM, (resolution).
★Cork cell (Diameter, Volume), leaf cell, Xylem Vessel, Scenedesumus (diameter and length), elongation zone of onion root. (Cytology, Anatomy, Physiology ref. text )
＊ref.:1.Angrios, G. N. 1982. Plant Physiology. 2nd ed. 環球出版社.
2.R. Y. Stanier, E. A. Adelberg, and J. L. Ingraham. 1976. The Microbial World. 4th ed.
3.Salisbury & Ross. 1985. Plant Physiology. 3rd ed. Wadsworth, Inc.
30. All I know about cell wall.
＊ref. :1.林金和、陳秀卿. 1979. 生長中的植物細胞壁.科學發展月刊.(7):944-949.
31. Briefly define the following terms ( Chap. 15, T & Z )
(a).primary growth (f).meristem
(b).secondary growth (g).apical meristem
(c).primary root (h).lateral meristem
(d).indeterminate growth (j).phytomer
(e).determinate growth
＊ref. :1. Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology.pp:373-377.
32. Be able to explain Z scheme of photosynthesis.
＊ref. :1.Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1985. Plant Physiologys. pp:185-194.
33. (1).Explain Mitchell’s hypothesis of photophosphorylation.
＊ref. :1Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology.
(2).依此hypothesis其成立之前提為何？
34. Compare photophosphorylation vs. oxidative phosphorylation.
＊ref. :1. Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology.
35. (a).Define photorespiration (p499 outline of Biochem.)
(b).List and explain the role of organelles involved in photorespiration.
(c).Write out and explain 2 generalized steps oxidation reaction of microbodies.
36. Compare the Km of CO2 between RuBP carboxylase and PEP carboxylase.
＊ref. :1.Goodwin and Mercer. 1983. Introduction to plant biochemistry. 2nd ed.
37. Describe 3 subtypes of C4 plant in photosynthesis, their chemical reaction and physiological significance.
＊ref. :1. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1993, 20:757-769.
38.何謂Action spectrum與absorption spectrum ?
＊ref. :1.Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1985. Plant Physiology. pp: 183-185.
39. Explain Emerson enhancement.
＊ref. :1.Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1985. Plant Physiology. 3rd ed. pp:185-186.
40. Define the terms:
(a).Long day plant, (b).short day plant, (c).long-short day plants, (d).short-long day plant, (e).day neutral plant, (f).qualitative short day plant, (g).quantitative short day plant, (h).rosette plant, (i).caulescent plant, (j).What is the photostationary state ?
＊ref. :1.Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1985. Plant Physiology. 3rd ed. Wadsworth, Inc. pp:428-429.
41. How is the critical photoperiod for floral induction measured in an experiment and the time required for movement of the flowering stimulus out of the leaf measured ? ( Salisbury & Ross ).
42. Light supplement in Chrysanthemum flower production
(a)菊花電照處理之目的及方法（台灣）
(b)光質對菊花花期之影響（不考慮花質）,並探討目前台灣菊花電照方法可有再改進之空間,提出你（妳)的主張。
＊ref. :1.黃敏展、朱建鏞. 1984. 電照標準照明方法之研究.興大園藝.9: 4594.
43. (a).Define vernalization
(b).give examples of it as applied to winter annuals
(c).biennial long day plant
(d).non-photoperiodic biennials
＊ref. :1.Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1985. Plant Physiology. 3rd ed. pp:412-416.
2.Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc. pp: 524-530.
44. (a).What is the receptive site in a plant for vernalization?
(b).give evidence to support your answer
(c).Is the condition permanent and transmissable to cells not in existence at the time of treatment ?
＊ref. :1.Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1983. Plant Physiology. 3rd ed. pp:412-416.
2.Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. pp: 524-526.
45. Relate cell temperature flucturation during freezing injury prevention by water sprinking.( p359. T & Z )
46. Summarize
(a).two stage of GA biosynthesis
(b).three type of growth retardant that inhibiting specific steps of GA biosynthesis
＊ref. :1.Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1985. Plant Physiology. Wadsworth, Co pp:321.
2.Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The
Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc. pp:426-433.
3.林金和、王麗華. 1992. GA生合成抑制劑之生理探討.
Weed Sci, Bull. 13(1):31-39.
47. Explain microdrop bioassay of GA using dwarf rice.
＊ref. :1. Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc. pp:434-435
48. Compare the control of GA20 biosynthesis under SD vs. LD.
＊ref. :1. Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc. pp:441-443.
49. Demonstrate that Gibberellin promote the transcription of α-amylase mRNA by “nuclear run off ” experiment.
＊ref. :1.Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc. pp:446.
50. IAA biosynthesis pathway in higher plant
＊ref. :1.Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1985. Plant Physiology. Wadsworth, Co pp:311.
2.Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc. pp:404-405.
51. Explain the biosynthetic pathway of ethylene in plant tissue., note the enzyme and inhibitor involved in each step , if there is any.(中國園藝27: (2,3) 51-57, 1981. ARPP Vol:35)
＊ref. :1. Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. pp:474-477
52. Explain and compare climatic rise vs. nonclimatic rise.
＊ref. :1.Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1983. Plant Physiology. 3rd ed. pp:191.
2. Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. pp:282.
53. Briefly explain the following ( Chap. 16, T & Z )
(a).Cholodny-Went theory of root and shoot gravitropism( P. 415,425 )
(b).Statoliths (c).Statocytes
(d).amyloplasts (e).RIA
(f).Auxin bioassay (g).Chemiosmotic model of IAA transport
(h). “Blue light response”.
＊ref. :1.Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1991. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc. pp: 398.
54. About nitrogen metabolism
(a).Diagram and explain the assimilation pathway of nitrate in green plant.
(b).compare the toxicity of NO3- vs. NH4+ to the environment, animal and plant cell.
(c).their possible detoxification pathway in plants.
(d)All I know about biological Nitrogen fixation.
＊ref. :1.Haynes, R. J. 1986. Mineral Nitrogen in the Plantsoil system. Academic Pross, Inc.
2.Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 1990. Plant Physiol.Chapter 12. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc.
55.(a).Explain and give example of “Colligative property”.
(b).Peltier effect.
(c).Seeback effect.
(d).Design a thermocouple psychrometer, and explain its principle.
＊ref. :1.Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1985. Plant Physiology. pp:44-46.
56. List 3 anticipated major environmental stresses in 21 century.Explain their path of formation and possible impact to plants.
57. Due a report:
All I know about this year’s Nobel Laureate in Medicine, Physics and Chemistry in relation to advancement of biology. (update news via media).
58. As a plant physiology student , if you could spend an afternoon with some person living or deceased, who would that be, what would you do, any why ?