Advanced Development, Aid and Coexistence HS 261F

GRADUATE PROGRAMS IN COEXISTENCE AND CONFLICT

Advanced Development, Aid and Coexistence HS 261f

Spring 2014 – Module II

Professor: Theodore A. Johnson JD, MA, Ph.D.

Class Meetings: Wednesday Room 163, 9:00am to 11:50pm

Contact Information for Professor Johnson:

Office: Heller Brown, 353; Phone: 65023

Class meeting dates; 3/12; 3/19; 3/26; 4/3; 4/9 [Easter Break] 4/23; 4/30; (or 5/7)

Course Outline:

This class will focus on application of skills and knowledge developed from readings and practitioners with extensive field experience. The subtext of this module could well be called “Lessons from the Field.” It is preferred that students registered in this course will have taken HS 260f as a prerequisite. Through a series of case studies, discussions, exercises, role-plays and simulations, students will examine the challenges, barriers and opportunities in applied conflict and development methodology and practice in situations including normal development, violent conflict and post conflict environments.

Course Notices

1. If you are a student with a documented disability on record at Brandeis University and wish to have a reasonable accommodation made for you in this class, please see me immediately after the first class.

2. You are expected to be honest in all of your academic work. You can find the University policy on academic honesty in Section 5 of the Rights and Responsibilities handbook. Instances of alleged dishonesty are subject to possible University action. Potential sanctions include failure in the course and suspension from the University. If you have any questions about my expectations, please ask.

All research-based writing in American institutions, both educational and corporate, is filled with rules that writers, particularly beginners, aren’t aware of or don’t know how to follow. Many of these rules have to do with research and providing proper citations. Gaining familiarity with these rules, however, is critically important, as inadvertent mistakes can lead to charges of plagiarism, which is the uncredited use (both intentional and unintentional) of somebody else’s words or ideas.

While some cultures may not insist so heavily on documenting sources of words, ideas, images, sounds, etc., American culture does. A charge of plagiarism can have severe consequences, including expulsion from a university or loss of a job, not to mention a writer’s loss of credibility and professional standing.[1]

Academic integrity is central to the mission of an educational excellence at the Heller School and Brandeis University. Each student is expected to turn in work completed independently, except when assignments specifically authorize a collaborative effort. It is not acceptable to use the words or ideas of another person – whether it be a world-class philosopher or your roommate – without proper acknowledgement of that source. In this class, you must use American Psychological Association (APA) style citations found in Hacker’s book, and other course referenced materials to indicate the source of any phrases, sentences, paragraphs or ideas in your writing. (See Hacker’s book in the SID Library, or Similarly, a writing guide for APA format is available in the COEX resource section of the SID library. Finally, do not cut and paste anything from the internet or any other source without appropriate citations. If you are in doubt about the instructions for any assignment in this course, feel free to ask me for clarification.

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Course Format

This module course will meet 2 hours and 50 minutes weekly for seven weeks and will be open to graduate students who otherwise meet the pre-course educational or practical experience criteria. Other students may attend with the instructor’s approval.

Course narrative.

This course was developed in response to COEX and SID students’ demand for a practical skills course addressing the overlap between Development and Coexistence work in conflicted societies. It is now a Core course for SIDCO students in the Dual Degree program.

In recent years there has been an increase in both theoretical and policy/practice literature in this field. The evolving literature is significant for scholars and practitioners in the field of Development and Coexistence. (See attached Bibliography)

Increasingly, Development /Aid agencies and organizations working at national and international levels are establishing teams within their planning units to address the evolving overlaps in program design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation to ensure that impacts and effects are positive rather than negative. Such agencies include but are not limited to UNDP, (United Nations Development Program), UNHCR (United Nations High Commission on Refugees), the World Bank, the European Union, USAID (United States Aid and Development agency), SIDA, CIDA and DFID (the development agencies of Canada, Sweden and the UK), as well as large aid agencies such as Action Aid, Mercy Corps, and Oxfam. This module will offer leading edge practical studies and approaches to help expand professional career possibilities of students while also adding the evolving body of research and practice skills in these overlapping and interdisciplinary fields.

Required Readings

All required readings will be posted either on LATTE -- available to registered students in the course, or will be sent in advance of class. This is a rapidly evolving field and readings may be revised and updated to take account of changes in the field.

Grading: The final grade in this course will consist of the following components:

Class participation 15%
In-Class group Presentations 35%
Final Paper 50%

Final paper content and due date will be announced in class

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Class Sessions:

Session 1. March 12;

Poverty and Climate Change; A false choice in development

“Although climate change is a global threat, it is especially menacing to the world’s poor. As the mean temperature of the Earth rises, the impact of climate change on sources of water and food, and on health and living standards will be greater in those regions that are already struggling.” (Brainard, Jones, Purvis, 2009) There is an ongoing debate among those who contend that mitigating the effects of climate change should be the highest global priorities and those who argue that eradicating the effects of poverty – especially those in extreme poverty is the highest global challenge. This session will explore this debate and posits that this debate poses a false choice. New research at the Brookings Institute, and elsewhere, presents the argument that arresting the effects of climate can be accomplished while also addressing extreme poverty. As a result, both issues have numerous positive overlaps and can be accomplished simultaneously.

Required Readings:

Climate Change and Global Poverty, a Billion Lives in the Balance? (2009) Brainard, Jones, Purvis Eds. Chapters: 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10. These will be posted on Latte

Session 2. March 19

What to do about Poverty and Fragile States?

Required Readings:

Poverty and Famines, An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation(1981) Sen, Amartya. Chapters: 1, 2 and 3.

“The Paris Declaration on Aid effectiveness (2005) and the Accra Agenda for Action (2008)” Available from: (Accessed March 13, 2013)

“Fragile and Conflict-affected Countries” Available from:

(Accessed March 13, 2013)

“Definitions of Fragility and Conflict” Available from:

(Accessed March 13, 2013)

Fixing Fragile States, A New Paradigm for Development. (2008) Kaplan, Seth D.

Chapters: 2, 3, and 4.

Session 6. April 23

When Aid Causes Harm

In this session we examine portions of two relatively recent books: Dead Aid; Why aid is not working and how there is a better way for Africa by Dambisa Moyo, and Making Peace Last; A toolbox for sustainable peacebuilding, By Robert Ricigliano

Required Readings: Moyo: Dead Aid: Chapters: 2, 3, 4, & 5

Ricigliano: Making Peace Last: Chapters: 1, 2, & 4

Session 7. April 30 or May 7 (to be discussed: 2nd year SIDCOs should attend Capstone)

Do No Harm – a practical Workshop

Speaker: Marshal Wallace, CDA, Cambridge MA

Marshal Wallace is the Director of the Do No Harm program for CDA (Collaborative Learning Projects) in Cambridge. In this session Marshal will offer a 2 and ½ -hour “mini” training session to equip practitioners with the knowledge, skills, and best practices for implementing the “Do No Harm” approach in the field. Many of the readings and case studies in this area have been presented earlier in several courses in this program. This session will present a hands-on training on what DNH means in practice.

Required Readings: Do No Harm; Chapters 3 - 6

PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anderson, Mary The Implications of Do No Harm for Donors and Aid Agency Headquarters

______Do No Harm: How Aid Can Support Peace - Or War. Boulder, CO, and London, UK: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999.

Babbitt, E. (2003). Evaluating Coexistence: Insights and Challenges. In Chayes, A.

&Minow, M. (Eds.) Imagine coexistence: Restoring humanity after violent ethnic

conflict. Jossey-Bass.

Ballentine, K. and Nitzshke, H. (October 2003). Beyond Greed or Grievance: Policy Lessons from Studies in the Political Economy of Armed Conflict. IPA Policy Report. International Peace Academy.

Barbanti, Olympio : Development and Conflict Theory.

Brainard, Lael, Abigail Jones, and Nigel Purvis Eds. Climate Change and Global Poverty, A Billion Lives in the Balance? Washington D.C., Brookings Institution Press, 2009.

Collier, Paul. and A. Hoeffler 1998. “On Economic Causes of Civil War” Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 50 pp 563-573

______Aid, Policy and Growth in Post-Conflict Societies

Commins, Stephen: In the Line of Fire: Development in Conflict

Demekas, Dimitri et al The Economics of Post Conflict Aid

Dichter, Thomas W. Despite Good Intentions, Why Development Assistance To The Third World Has Failed. Amherst MA. University of Massachusetts Press, 2003

Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 2001. The Multilateral Aid Response to Violent Conflict: More than Linking Relief and Development

Egeland, Jan. A Billion Lives; An Eyewitness Report From The Frontlines Of Humanity. New York, Simon & Schuster, 2008.

Esman, Milton: Can Foreign Aid Moderate Ethnic Conflict?

Fisher, S; Ludin, J; Williams, Steve; Abdi D, Ibrahim; Smith, R; Williams, Sue (2000). Working with Conflict: Skills and Strategies for Action, New York: Zed Books.

______(2000). "Understanding Conflict" and "Tools for Conflict Analysis," in Working With Conflict: Skills and Strategies for Action. New York: Zed Books.

Goodhand, Jonathan: Aid, Conflict and Peacebuilding in Sri Lanka

Gourevitch, Philip (1998). We Wish to Inform You that tomorrow we will be Killed With our Families,

New York: Picador.

Gurr, Ted Robert (1997). “Why do minorities Rebel? The Worldwide Geography of Ethnopolitical and Their Challenge to Global Security” In Federalism Against Ethnicity? (Ed) Günther, Baechler, Chur/Zürich: Verlag Rüegger.

Gurr, Ted R and Marshall Monty. Peace and Conflict (2005). A Global Survey of Armed Conflicts, Self-Determination Movements, and Democracy. From:

Humphreys, Macarten and Varshney Ashutosh (2004). Violent Conflict and the Millennium Development Goals: Diagnosis and Recommendations

ICRC (1983) Basic Rules of the Geneva Conventions and Their Additional Protocols,.

International Alert: Conflict, Humanitarian Assistance and Peacebuilding: Meeting the Challenges

International Alert 2004. Conflict Sensitive Approaches to Development, Humanitarian Assistance and Peace Building: Tools for Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment 2004. Based on experiences in Sri Lanka, Kenya and Uganda.

International Crisis Group, Asia Report #32, Myanmar, The Politics of Humanitarian Aid, Southeast Asian Countries, April 2002

IRIN Web Special on Civilian Protection in Armed Conflict

Jackson, Stephen (2001). The Challenges and Contradictions of Development and Conflict

Kaplan, Seth D. Fixing Fragile States; A New Paradigm for Development. Praeger Security International, Westport CT, 2008.

Kaldor, Mary (1999). New and Old Wars:Organized Violence in a Global Era, Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Lange, Maria; Quinn, Mick (2003). Conflict, Humanitarian Assistance and Peacebuilding: Meeting the Challenges, Internatinal Alert: London.

Lange, Maria (2004). Building Institutional Capacity for Conflict-Sensitive Practice: The Case of International NGOs, International Alert: London.

Leonhardt, Manuela; Ardon, Patricia; Karuru, Njeri; Sherriff, Andrew (2002). Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA) and NGO Peacebuilding – Experiences from Kenya andGuatemala: A Briefing Paper, International Alert: London

Longley, Catherine, and Maxwell, Daniel : Livelihoods, Chronic Conflict and Humanitarian Response: a Review of Current Approaches

Maren, Michael. The Road To Hell: The Ravaging Effects of Foreign Aid and international Charity. The Free Press, New York, 1997.

Maresko, Deborah; Development, Relief Aid, and Creating Peace: Humanitarian Aid in Liberia's War of the 1990s

Messer, Ellen, and Cohen, Marc Breaking the Links Between Conflict and Hunger in Africa

Miall, H., O. Ramsbotham and T. Woodhouse. Blackwell Publishing 2005

Moore, Jonathan: The Humanitarian-Development Gap

Moyo, Dambisa. Dead Aid; Why Aid Is Not Working And How There Is A Better Way For Africa. Douglas & McIntyre, Toronto, 2009

Nyheim, David; Leonhardt, Manuela; Gaigals, Cynthia (2001). Development in Conflict: A Seven Step Tool for Planners, FEWER, International Alert, Saferworld: London. Retrieved December 2005 from:

Pearse, Jenny: Development, NGOs, and Civil Society: the Debate and Its Future

Perrin, Pierre (1998) The Impact of Humanitarian Aid on Conflict Development

Picciotto, Robert 2004. Aid and Conflict: the Policy Coherence Challenge

RAND organization: 2002 Aid During Conflict - Interaction Between Military and Civilian Assistance Providers in Afghanistan, September 2001 - June 2002

Ricigliano, Robert. Making Peace Last; A Toolbox For Sustainable Peacebuilding. Paradigm, London, 2012.

Sen, Amartya. Poverty and Famines; An Essay of Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford University Press, New York, 1981.

Slim, Hugo. (1998) “International Humanitarianism’s Engagement with Civil War in the 1990’s: A glance at Evolving Practice and Theory”. A briefing Paper for Action Aid UK, Journal for Humanitarian Affairs. From at

______(1996) “Planning Between Danger and Opportunity: NGO Situation Analysis in Conflict Related Emergencies” Journal for Humanitarian Affairs. From

______(1998), International Humanitarianism’s Engagement with Civil War in the 1990’s: A glance at Evolving Practice and Theory, Briefing Paper for ActionAid/UK. From

Storey, Andy (1997) “Non-neutral humanitarianism: NGOs and the Rwanda Crisis,Development in Practice, Volume 7, Issue 4, Oxford: Oxfam pp. 342-352

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency : Reconciliation - Theory and Practice for Development Cooperation

The Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and the Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, and the code of International Alert for working in situations of Conflict.

Uvin, Peter. (1998). Aiding Violence: The development enterprise in Rwanda. West Hartford: Kumarian Press, Inc.

______OECD The Influence of Aid in Situations of Violent Conflict. Based on the results of four case studies (Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Rwanda.

Vaux, T. (2001) The Selfish Altruist, Sterling, Virginia: Earthscan

Vauz, Tony and Goodhand Jothahan (2001). Disturbing Connections: Aid and Conflict in Kyrgyzstan

[1] “Avoiding Plagiarism – The OWL at Purdue”. Available from: Accessed July 10, 2009