5141.21
Students
Administration of Medications
Medications will be administered to students during school hours, school activities, athletic activities and extended day programs, in accordance with law.
All medication will be administered by qualified school staff except that parents or guardians may administer medications to their own children on school grounds. In addition, in accordance with the provisions of law and the attached regulation, students may self-administer medications; students with diabetes may test their own blood glucose levels; and students diagnosed with asthma or any other allergic condition may carry an inhaler or an epi-pen or similar device in the school.
A specific paraprofessional, through a plan approved by a school nurse supervisor and School Medical Advisor, may administer to a specific student with a medically diagnosed allergic condition that may require prompt treatment in order to protect the student against serious harm or death pursuant in accordance with law.
All medications shall be handled, stored, and disposed of in accordance with the provisions of law and the administrative regulation accompanying this policy.
Documentation and record keeping shall be done in compliance with the provisions of law and the administrative regulation accompanying this policy.
Legal Reference:Connecticut General Statutes
10-212a Administration of medications in schools.
Policy adopted:June 18, 2003CAPITOL REGION EDUCATION COUNCIL
Policy revisedMarch 21, 2012Hartford, Connecticut
5141.21 (a) R
Students
Administration of Medications
Procedures Pursuant to the CREC Policy for the Administration of Medications by School Personnel and Administration of Medication During Before and After School Programs and School Readiness Programs:
1.Procedure Development
a.The CREC Council, with the advice and assistance of the CREC Medical Advisor, Assistant Director of Health Services, school nurses and Director of Student Services, will review and may revise the policy and procedures as needed, but at least yearly. Revisions will be forwarded to the Department of Education for review and approval.
b.All CREC nurses will have a copy of the CREC Administration of Medications Policy and Procedures. Pertinent sections will be incorporated into the training of staff who are authorized to administer medications in the absence of the nurse. A copy of the policy and procedures will be available, in the administrative office of each program that administers or may administer medicines to students.
2.Written Authorization
a.Students requiring prescribed medications, including controlled substances, during school hours shall be administered said medication only with specific written orders of a licensed physician/dentist, Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) or Physician's Assistant (PA) (“prescriber”) and the written authorization of the parent or guardian or eligible student to have CREC personnel administer medication as well as permission for the exchange of information between the prescriber and the school nurse as necessary to ensure the safe administration of such medication. The prescriber’s signed order will specify at minimum the name of the drug, the dose, route, time(s) to be administered and the duration of the order.
b.Prescribed medication shall be administered to and taken only by the person for whom the prescription has been written.
5141.21 (b) R
Students
Administration of Medications (continued)
c.Authorization of a parent, guardian or eligible student is required for the administration of acetaminophen, ibuprofen or substitutes during school hours.
3.Medication Administration Personnel
Medications will be administered by a licensed nurse (RN/LPN) or, in the absence of such nurse, by Qualified Personnel for Schools who have been trained to administer medications to students as delegated by the school nurse, including the full time Principal, director, teachers, physical and occupational therapists, who have been trained in the safe administration of medication. (“Qualified Personnel For Schools”) Designated staff members who administer medication in the nurse’s absence will be trained by the school nurse. Trained full time administrators, teachers and physical or occupational therapists may administer oral, topical, intranasal or inhalant medications. They may not administer cartridge injectable medications except in the case of anaphylaxis from insect bites or severe food allergy. Cartridge Injectable medication (Epi-pen) may be administered by a principal, teacher or paraprofessional only to a student with a medically diagnosed allergic condition that requires prompt treatment. Investigational drugs will not be administered by administrators or teachers. Investigational drugs for an individual student will be administered only by nurses. During intramural and interscholastic events .coaches and licensed athletic trainers may administer inhalant medications prescribed for respiratory conditions, and cartridge injectable medications for students with a medically diagnosed allergic condition which may require prompt treatment.
4.Self-Administration
Students who have a verified chronic medical condition and are deemed capable to self-administer prescribed emergency medication, including rescue asthma inhalers and cartridge injectors for medically-diagnosed allergies, will be allowed to self-administer these and other medications. Written authorization for self-administration must be provided by the student’s prescriber and parent or guardian or the eligible student. The student’s parent or guardian or the eligible student must also provide written authorization for the exchange of information between the prescriber and the school nurse as necessary to ensure the safe administration of the medication. The school nurse will assess the student’s competency for self-administration in the school setting and deem it to be safe and appropriate in the school setting, including that a student:
5141.21 (c) R
Students
Administration of Medications (continued)
- is capable of identifying and selecting the appropriate medication by size, color, amount and other label identification;
- knows the frequency and time of day for which the medication is ordered;
- can identify the presenting symptoms that require medication;
- administers the medication appropriately;
- maintains safe control of the medication at all times;
- seeks adult supervision whenever warranted; and
- cooperates with the established medication plan.
In the case of inhalers for asthma and cartridge injectors for medically-diagnosed allergies, the school nurse’s review of a student’s competency to self-administer inhalers for asthma and cartridge injectors for medically-diagnosed allergies in the school setting shall not be used to prevent a student from retaining and self-administering inhalers for asthma and cartridge injectors for medically-diagnosed allergies. Students may self-administer medication with only the written authorization of an authorized prescriber and written authorization from a parent or guardian or eligible student. The school nurse will review the medication order and parental authorization, develop an appropriate plan for self-administration, including provision for general supervision, document the medication plan in the student’s health record, and inform the principal and appropriate staff members that the student is self-administering prescribed medication. The self-administration plan may be altered or terminated by the school nurse in conjunction with the student’s medical provider, parent or guardian or eligible student as appropriate.
b.The self-administration plan will be reviewed as needed.
c.No nurse, administrator, or teacher will be liable to such student or a parent or a guardian of such student for civil damages for any personal injuries which result from acts or omissions of such school nurse, administrator or teacher in administering such preparations which may constitute ordinary negligence. This immunity will not apply to acts or omissions constituting gross, willful or wanton negligence. All CREC programs will adhere to the state regulations for administration of medications by school personnel in accordance with Connecticut General Statutes 10-212a and Connecticut State Regulations Section 10-212a-1 to 10.
5141.21 (d) R
Students
Administration of Medications (continued)
5.Medication Emergency
a.Medication emergency information posted on the telephone closest to the medicine storage area in each geographic location where medication is administered will include contact information, including telephone numbers, for:
(1) PoisonInformationCenter
(2) The Assistant Director of Health Services and CREC Medical Advisor
(3) The name of the person responsible for decision making in the absence of the school nurse
(4) Staff certified in first aid/CPR
(5) Emergency medical services
(6) Ambulance
(7) Program/school administrator
b.The cumulative health records of students receiving medication and a separate emergency file (if such exists) will have the following information readily available:
(1) Home, cell, parental employment and emergency telephone numbers;
(2) Prescribing medical provider’s name(s) and telephone number(s);
(3) Hospital of Choice. In an emergency, students will be taken to the nearest emergency room.
6.Training School Personnel
a.The School Nurse and Program Director/Principal will determine appropriate administrators, teachers, and staff to be trained to administer medications to students in the absence of the school nurse. The school nurse will provide training to designated Qualified Personnel For Schools in the safe administration of medications at least annually.
b.Only Qualified Personnel For Schools who have received such annual training shall administer medications to students. The training shall include, but not be limited to:
(1) The general principles of safe administration of medications, the procedural aspects of medication administration, including the safe handling and storage of medications and documentation;
(2) The specific information related to each student’s medication and each student’s medication plan, including the name and generic name of the
5141.21 (e) R
Students
Administration of Medications (continued)
medication, indications for medication, dosage, routes, time and frequency of administration, therapeutic effects of the medication, potential side effects, overdose or missed dose of the medication and when to implement emergency interventions;
c.Documentation of such annual training including dates of general and student-specific trainings, content of the training, individuals who have successfully completed general and student-specific administration of medication training for the current school year and the name and credentials of the nurse or trainer or trainers will be maintained by the Assistant Director of Health Services and the school nurse.
d.Training in the administration of cartridge injectors will be done yearly by the CREC nurse for all Qualified Personnel For Schools who will administer medication.
7.Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs)
LPNs may administer medications to students if they can demonstrate evidence of one of the following:
a. training in administration of medications as part of their basic nursing program;
b. successful completion of a pharmacology course and subsequent supervised experience;
8.Handling, Storage, Disposal and Recall of Medications
a.All medications except those approved for self medication administration shall be delivered by the parent/guardian or other responsible adult and shall be received by the school nurse or Qualified Personnel For Schools who are trained in administration of medication and designated to that school, who will lock up medications upon receipt. The school nurse must examine on-site any new medication, medication order and parent, guardian or eligible student permission, and develop a medication administration plan for the student before any medication is given by Qualified Personnel For Schools. The school nurse shall review all medication refills with the medication order and parent, guardian or eligible student written authorization prior to the administration of medication.
b. All medications to be administered must be delivered with pharmacy labels that include:
5141.21(f) R
Students
(1) name of student;
(2) name and strength of the medication;
(3) prescription number, date ordered, duration if indicated;
(4) name of prescriber;
(5) name of pharmacy;
(6) directions for administration.
c.All medications shall be kept in a designated, immobile, locked container, cabinet or closet used exclusively for the storage of medication. Controlled drugs shall be stored separately from other drugs and substances in a separate, secure, substantially constructed locked metal or wooden cabinet.
d.If a drug is controlled, this should be indicated by the prescribing personnel on the Order Form. Controlled drugs must be counted after administration, and the amount of the controlled drug remaining after each administration must be recorded and cosigned by the administrator or administrator’s designee.
e.Access to stored medications shall be limited to persons authorized to administer medications. Each school or before and after school program and school readiness program shall maintain a current list of those persons authorized to administer medications.
f.All medications, prescription and nonprescription, shall be stored in their original containers
g.At least two sets of keys for the medication containers or cabinets shall be maintained for each school building or before and after school program and school readiness program. One set of keys shall be maintained under the direct control of the school nurse or nurses and an additional set shall be under the direct control of the Principal/Program Director or lead teacher who has been trained in general principles of administration of medication.
h.Medications requiring refrigeration shall be stored in a refrigerator at no less than 36 F and no more than 46 F. The refrigerator shall be located in a health office that is maintained for health services purposes with limited access; non-controlled medications may be stored directly on the shelf of the refrigerator with no further protection needed; and controlled medications shall be stored in a locked box which is affixed to the refrigerator shelf.
5141.21 (g) R
Students
Administration of Medications (continued)
h. Medications to be used in athletic events shall be stored in containers used exclusively for holding medications, under the general supervision of the coach or licensed athletic trainer; and in a locked secure cabinet when not in use at athletic events.
i. All unused, discontinued or obsolete medications shall be removed from storage areas and either returned to the parent/guardian or eligible student, if the medication cannot be returned to the parent/guardian or eligible student, the
medication shall be destroyed or surrendered in collaboration with the school nurse.:
(1) Non-controlled drugs shall be destroyed in the presence of at least one witness who shall co-sign a document indicating the drugs were destroyed.
(2) Controlled drugs cannot be destroyed and shall be surrendered to the drug control section of the Consumer Protection Department.
(3) Accidental destruction or loss of controlled drugs must be verified in the presence of a second person, including confirmation of the presence or absence of residue and jointly documented on the student medication administration record and a medication error form. If no residue is present, notification must be made to the Department of Consumer Protection.
kNo more than a three-month school-day supply of a medication for a student shall be stored at the school.
l.No medication for a student shall be stored at school without a current written order from an authorized prescriber.
m.Medication Recall - when a manufacturer or state agency recalls medication, program nurses will check lot numbers and contact the manufacturer for replacements.
9.Documentation and Recordkeeping
a. Each school, program, before and after school program and school readiness program where medications are administered shall maintain a separate medication administration record for each medication given each student during school or program hours. Each record shall include:
(1) the name of the student;
5141.21 (h) R
Students
Administration of Medications (continued)
(2) the name of the medication;
(3) the dosage of the medication;
(4) the route of administration;
(5) the frequency of administration;
(6) name of the authorized prescriber;
(7) the dates for initiating and terminating the administration of the medication including extended year programs;
(8) the quantity received, which shall be verified by the adult delivering the medication;
(9) any student allergies to food and/or medicines;
(10) the date and time of administration or omission including the reason for the omission;
(11) the dose or amount of drug administration;
(12) the full written or electronic legal signature of the nurse or qualified personnel for schools administering the medication.
(13) For controlled medications, a medication count which should be conducted and documented at least once a week and co-signed by the assigned nurse and a witness.
b. Transactions shall either be recorded in black ink and shall not be altered or shall be recorded electronically in a record that cannot be altered. If an incorrect recording is made, a line shall be drawn through the mistake and the correct data entered immediately following. Both entries must be signed by the person giving the medication.
c. The medication administration record shall be made available to the State Health department for review until destroyed upon request.
d. The completed medication administration record for non-controlled medications shall be stored in the student’s cumulative health record.
5141.21 (i) R
Students
Administration of Medications (continued)
e. The completed medication administration record for controlled medications shall be maintained in the same manner as the non-controlled medication record. In addition, a separate medication administration record will be maintained in the school for three years.
f. The written order of the authorized prescriber, physician/dentist, APRN or PA, the written authorization of the parent or guardian or eligible student to administer the medication and the written permission for the exchange of information between the prescriber and school nurse to ensure the safe administration of such medication shall be filed in the student’s cumulative health record or, for before and after school programs and school readiness programs, in the child’s program record.
g. A prescriber’s verbal order, including a telephone order, for any medication can be received only by a school nurse. Any such verbal order must be followed by a written order, which may be faxed and must be received within no more than three (3) school days.
h. When a student leaves or completes a CREC program, his/her cumulative health record, including all medication administration forms, will be returned to the sending school district.
10.Errors in Medication Administration
a. If an error in the administration of a medication is made, the person making the error will immediately contact the school nurse, the Assistant Director of Health Services, the authorized prescriber and the parent or guardian or eligible student.