Additional File 2 Scoping the Search
Additional file 2 – Scoping the search
Defining the search terms:
The research question was broken down into four parts according to the PICO structure (population, intervention, comparator and observed result). Initially, search terms were extracted from [3,13,] and a bibliography on comparative studies provided by Hiddink (personal communications, 2013). A bibliography of all references was made and key words from the title, abstracts and keywords were extracted according to the PICO structure. The “observed result” was not used as extraction criteria as this term was considered too varied and non-specific and in general the outcomes were less well indexed as well as potentially increasing the effects of publication bias.
Table S3. Descriptors and similes for the three areas of the research question
Research question component / SimilesPopulation / *fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*
Intervention / *trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging
Comparator / experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR distinct) AND (fishing OR trawling OR dredging OR dragging OR disturbance) AND (pressure OR level OR amount OR frequencies OR intensities OR histories)) OR ((trawled OR fished OR disturbed OR harvest* OR heavily OR within OR impact OR inside OR after OR following OR treatment OR trial) AND (un$trawled OR non$fished OR un$fished OR un$disturbed OR un$harvested OR non$harvested OR lightly OR outside OR before OR prior OR adjacent OR control OR reference OR protected OR MPA OR closed))
The search strategy was tested iteratively against the bibliographies chosen as a reference to assess the quality of the search and the results can be seen in the search map below. There is a bias associated with searching just in English; however we currently have no resources for translations. All foreign language hits that were identified by the search have been recorded and will be, to the extent possible, translated with the help of Google Translate or peers to at least the title stage to screen for relevance. Whilst searches cannot be performed in foreign languages, searches were not confined to English language documents and foreign language documents were recorded in Endnote for future translation if possible. This ensures that all potentially relevant material will be searched for and indexed, should an able researcher be available to help with the translation.Initials of searcher, date and database/website searched are given below followed by search strings and number of returned results. Any comments by the searcher to explain changes to search strings or other activity are given in square brackets.
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Table S4. Search string development using Web of Science test searches.
String search in TOPIC / Hits / Notes / Topic 1 (population) / Topic 2 (intervention) / Topic 3 (comparator)(*fauna*) AND (*trawl*) / 1405 / *fauna* / *trawl*
(*fauna* OR *benth*) AND (*trawl*) / 3489 / add *benth*
(*fauna* OR *benth* OR hard$shell*) AND (*trawl*) / 3489 / no more hits - leave out / add hard shell*
(*fauna* OR *benth* OR * OR scaveng*) AND (*trawl*) / 3626 / added scaveng*
(*fauna* OR *benth* OR * OR scaveng* OR by$catch) AND (*trawl*) / 4661 / added by$catch
(*fauna* OR *benth* OR * OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl) AND (*trawl*) / 4668 / added maerl
(*fauna* OR *benth* OR * OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral*) AND (*trawl*) / 4889 / added coral
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota) AND Topic=(*trawl*) / 4925 / added biota
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic) AND Topic=(*trawl*) / 4937 / added biogenic
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) AND Topic=(*trawl*) / 4941 / hard AND bod*
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*)* OR (soft AND bod*)) AND Topic=(*trawl*) / 4954 / added soft bod*
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*)* OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora*) AND Topic=(*trawl*) / 4963 / added *flora*
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl*) / 6802 / added *invertebrate*
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR fishing) / 117335 / added fishing
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR (bottom AND fishing)) / 11256 / changed (bottom AND fishing)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile) AND fishing)) / 12209 / added (mobile AND fishing)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed) AND fishing)) / 12507 / added (towed AND fishing)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial) AND fishing)) / 20893 / added (commercial AND fishing)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic) AND fishing)) / 33275 / added (benthic AND fishing)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing)) / 34027 / added (demersal AND fishing)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest*) / 46247 / added harvest*
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredge*) / 48732 / added *dredge*
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging) / 50023 / added digging
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*)) / 53703 / added bait collect*
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking) / 53799 / added raking
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag*) / 53811 / added scallop drag*
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) / 54970 / added dragging
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment*) / 4714 / added experiment*
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative) / 8191 / added comparative
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI) / 8232 / added BACI
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR (different AND fishing AND pressure)) / 8522 / added (different AND fishing AND pressure)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR (differ* AND fishing AND pressure) / 8750 / added (differing AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known) AND fishing AND pressure)) / 8826 / added (known AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient) AND fishing AND pressure)) / 8871 / added (gradient AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range) AND fishing AND pressure)) / 8993 / added (range AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR variable) AND fishing AND pressure)) / 9026 / added (variable AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR variable OR variety) AND fishing AND pressure)) / 9037 / added (variety…AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari*) AND fishing AND pressure)) / 9182
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change) AND fishing AND pressure)) / 9312 / added (change…AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting) AND fishing AND pressure)) / 9319 / added (contrasting…AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR disparate) AND fishing AND pressure)) / 9319 / no more hits leave out / added (disparate…AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR distinct) AND fishing AND pressure)) / 9325 / added (distinct…AND)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR distinct) AND (fishing OR trawling) AND pressure)) / 9336 / added (…AND trawling AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR distinct) AND (fishing OR trawling OR dredging) AND pressure)) / 9357 / added (…AND dredging AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR distinct) AND (fishing OR trawling OR dredging OR dragging) AND pressure)) / 9389 / added (…AND dragging AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR distinct) AND (fishing OR trawling OR dredging OR dragging OR disturbance) AND pressure)) / 9423 / added (…AND disturbance AND…)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR distinct) AND (fishing OR trawling OR dredging OR dragging OR disturbance) AND (pressure OR level))) / 14672 / added (…AND levels)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR distinct) AND (fishing OR trawling OR dredging OR dragging OR disturbance) AND (pressure OR level OR amount))) / 15339 / added (AND...amounts)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR distinct) AND (fishing OR trawling OR dredging OR dragging OR disturbance) AND (pressure OR level OR amount OR frequencies))) / 16463 / added (...AND frequencies)
Topic=(*fauna* OR *benth* OR scaveng* OR by$catch OR maerl OR coral* OR biota OR biogenic OR (hard AND bod*) OR (soft AND bod*) OR *flora* OR *invertebrate*) AND Topic=(*trawl* OR ((bottom OR mobile OR towed OR commercial OR benthic OR demersal) AND fishing) OR harvest* OR *dredg* OR digging OR (bait AND collect*) OR *raking OR scallop drag* OR dragging) AND Topic=(experiment* OR comparative OR BACI OR ((differ* OR known OR gradient OR range OR vari* OR change OR contrasting OR distinct) AND (fishing OR trawling OR dredging OR dragging OR disturbance) AND (pressure OR level OR amount OR frequencies OR intensities))) / 16912 / added (…AND intensities)