Acids and their Anion Naming - When an acid dissociates in water and loses its H+ ‘s, an anion is left over. The top of the sheet gives the summary of how prefixes and suffixes are used to explain the different formulas of different acids/anions.

Examples, H2CO3 (aq) à 2 H+ (aq) + CO3-2 (aq)

carbonic acid à 2 hydrogen ions + carbonate ion NOTE– –ic acid suffix goes with –ate anion suffix

HClO (aq) à H+ (aq) + ClO- (aq)

hypochlorous acid à hydrogen ion + hypochlorite ion NOTE– hypo- __-ous acid gives hypo- __-ite anion

O’s: Here is the pattern for the # of oxygens,

But S & P acids/anions have 1 more O than name implies.

Acids / Anions
No O’s / hydro- -ic / -ide
1 O / hypo- -ous / hypo- -ite
2 O’s / -ous / -ite
3 O’s / -ic / -ate
4 O’s / per- -ic / per- -ate

CH-OPS à Carbon has H’s unusual, also O’s with Phosphorous & Sulfur.

*Acid Name
*Anion Name
* Formulas /
C
(H exception) /
N
/ P
(H & O issues) / S
(H & O issues) / Cl / Br / I / F
No O’s
Hydro- -ic
-ide / Hydrochloric Acid
Chloride Ion
HCl (aq) & Cl- / Hydrobromic Acid
Bromide Ion
HBr (aq) & Br- / Hydroiodic Acid
Iodide Ion
HI (aq) & I- / Hydrofluoric Acid, HF (aq)
Fluoride Ion, F-
1 O
Hypo--ous
Hypo- -ite / Hypochlorous Acid
Hypochlorite Ion
HClO & ClO- / Hypobromous Acid
Hypobromite Ion
HBrO & BrO- / Hypoiodous Acid
Hypoiodite Ion
HIO & IO-
2 O’s
(S,P issues)
-ous
-ite / Nitrous Acid
Nitrite Ion
HNO2 & NO2- / Phosphorous Acid
Phosphite Ion
H3PO3 & PO33- / Sulfurous Acid
Sulfite Ion
H2SO3 & SO32- / Chlorous Acid
Chlorite Ion
HClO2 & ClO2- / Bromous Acid
Bromite Ion
HBrO2 & BrO2- / Iodous Acid
Iodite Ion
HIO2 & IO2-
3 O’s
(S,P issues)
-ic
-ate / Carbonic Acid
Carbonate Ion
H2CO3 & CO32- / Nitric Acid
Nitrate Ion
HNO3 & NO3- / Phosphoric Acid
Phosphate Ion
H3PO4 & PO43- / Sulfuric Acid
Sulfate Ion
H2SO4 & SO42- / Chloric Acid
Chlorate Ion
HClO3 & ClO3- / Bromic Acid
Bromate Ion
HBrO3 & BrO3- / Iodic Acid
Iodate Ion
HIO3 & IO3-
4 O’s
Per- -ic
Per- -ate / Perchloric Acid
Perhlorate Ion
HClO4 & ClO4- / Perbromic Acid
Perbromate Ion
HBrO4 & BrO4- / Periodic Acid
Periodate Ion
HIO4 & IO4-
STATES of acids – All acids are (aq), but note that HF, HCl, HBr, HI can also be gases & then are named by ionic compound naming rules. EX) HCl (g) = hydrogen chloride.

Polyatomic & Unusual Ions AND Polyatomic Elements AND Compounds w/ Common Names

Ion / Name / Ion / Name / Ion / Name
OH-
H3O+
H+
H- / Hydroxide ion
Hydronium ion
Hydrogen ion
Hydride ion
/ CrO42-
Cr2O72-
MnO42-
MnO4- / Chromate ion (basic soln)
Dichromate ion (acid)
Manganate ion
Permanganate ion / H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
S8
P4 /
(Diatomic Elements)
Sulfur
phosphorous (red)
PO43-
HPO42-
H2PO4- / Phosphate ion
Hydrogen Phosphate ion
Dihydrogen Phosphate ion / CN-
SCN- /
Cyanide ion
Thiocyanate ion / N2H4
NO
N2O / Hydrazine
nitric oxide
nitrous oxide
CO3-2
HCO3-
SO4-2 HSO4- / Carbonate ion
Hydrogen Carbonate (Bicarbonate) ion
Sulfate ion
Hydrogen Sulfate (bisulfate) ion / Hg22+
Hg2+ / Mercury (I) ion
Mercury (II) ion / H2O2
CH4
C2H2
CH3OH / Hydrogen peroxide
Methane
Acetylene
Methanol
Ag+
Cd2+
Zn2+ / Silver ion (no charge given)
Cadmium ( “ )
Zinc ion ( “ ) / C2H3O2-
NH4+
/ Acetate ion
Ammonium ion / HC2H3O2
NH3
PH3 / Acetic Acid
Ammonia
Phosphine

SALT - Any ionic compound except those containing hydroxide (OH-) or oxide (O2-).

HYDRATES = Hydrates are salts containing water molecules combined in a definite ratio as an integral part of the crystal.

* Formulas are written as salt formula·n H2O, where n is the number of water molecules per formula unit of salt. The n is usually a low integer.

* Names are salt name prefix-hydrate, where prefix = mono-, di-, tri-, … (like covalent names). Ex) CuSO4 * 5 H2O = copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate

Memorize all this however works for you.

* Flashcards may help.

* You can also practice online.

1) To practice acids and ions, at Brainscape.com create an account. Email me at & tell me the email you created the account with. I’ll add “Schultz Made Cards” to your Brainscape account.

2) To practice ionic compounds, go to my web page and there are links there.