Supplemental Table 1: Hypotheses on magnitude and directionality of correlations between CarerQol dimensions and CarerQol-VAS, Self-Rated Burden and Process Utility

CarerQol-VAS / SRB / PU
SRB / Moderate, - / -- / --
PU / Strong, + / Moderate, - / --
Fulfilment / Weak, + / Weak, - / Moderate, +
Relational problems / Moderate, - / Moderate, + / Moderate, -
Mental health issues / Moderate-Strong, - / Moderate, + / Moderate, -
Physical health issues / Moderate, - / Moderate, + / Moderate, -
Problems with daily activities / Moderate, - / Strong, + / Moderate, -
Financial problems / Weak, - / Weak, + / Weak, -
Social support / Trivial, + / Trivial, - / Weak, +

Abbreviation: SRB, Self-rated burden; PU, Process Utility

Note: Correlation coefficients were classified as trivial (<0.1), weak (0.1 to <0.3), moderate (0.3 to <0.5), strong (0.5 to <0.7), very strong (>0.7). A ‘+’ signs indicates a hypothesized positive correlation whereas a ‘-’ indicates a hypothesized negative correlation.

Supplemental Table 2: Random effects meta-correlation coefficient (Spearman’s rho) by sampling frame

CarerQol-VAS
(95% CI) / SRB
(95% CI) / PU
(95% CI)
General population
Burden / -0.36 (-0.42, -0.29) / -- / --
Process / 0.49 (0.43, 0.54) / -0.33 (-0.43, -0.23) / --
CarerQol domains
Fulfilment / 0.15 (0.03, 0.26) / -0.15 (-0.30, 0.01) / 0.22 (0.12, 0.31)
Relational problems / -0.37 (-0.52, -0.21) / 0.44 (0.34, 0.53) / -0.27 (-0.35, -0.19)
Mental health issues / -0.45 (-0.54, -0.34) / 0.39 (0.32, 0.45) / -0.27 (-0.34, -0.20)
Physical health issues / -0.33 (-0.40, -0.25) / 0.34 (0.21, 0.45) / -0.26 (-0.41, -0.11)
Problems with daily activities / -0.24 (-0.35, -0.12) / 0.47 (0.37, 0.56) / -0.25 (-0.38, -0.10)
Financial problems / -0.14 (-0.21, -0.06) / 0.17 (0.10, 0.24) / -0.10 (-0.17, -0.03)
Social support / 0.03 (-0.08, 0.14) / 0.05 (-0.06, 0.15) / <0.001 (-0.12, 0.12)
Hospital
Burden / -0.30 (-0.38, -0.21) / -- / --
Process / 0.56 (0.50, 0.62) / -0.43 (-0.50, -0.35) / --
CarerQol domains
Fulfilment / 0.16 (0.07, 0.24) / -0.18 (-0.29, 0.06) / 0.20 (0.12, 0.29)
Relational problems / -0.22 (-0.35, -0.07) / 0.36 (0.28, 0.43) / -0.29 (-0.37, -0.20)
Mental health issues / -0.36 (-0.48, -0.22) / 0.43 (0.36, 0.50) / -0.29 (-0.37, 0.21)
Physical health issues / -0.29 (-0.41, -0.16) / 0.40 (0.32, 0.47) / -0.32 (-0.44, -0.18)
Problems with daily activities / -0.27 (-0.35, -0.18) / 0.47 (0.36, 0.56) / -0.36 (-0.44, -0.28)
Financial problems / -0.10 (-0.20, 0.01) / 0.13 (-0.05, 0.30) / -0.09 (-0.23, 0.06)
Social support / 0.03 (-0.09, 0.15) / 0.05 (-0.04, 0.14) / -0.04 (-0.16, 0.09)
Primary care
Burden / -0.17 (-0.47, 0.17) / -- / --
Process / 0.51 (0.47, 0.55) / -0.27 (-0.46, -0.04) / --
CarerQol domains
Fulfilment / 0.23 (0.18, 0.28) / -0.15 (-0.25, -0.04) / 0.35 (0.27, 0.42)
Relational problems / -0.27 (-0.31, -0.21) / 0.30 (0.14, 0.45) / -0.33 (-0.38, -0.28)
Mental health issues / -0.46 (-0.51, -0.40) / 0.28 (0.09, 0.44) / -0.30 (-0.36, -0.23)
Physical health issues / -0.37 (-0.42, -0.32) / 0.29 (0.07, 0.48) / -0.24 (-0.29, -0.19)
Problems with daily activities / -0.27 (-0.32, -0.22) / 0.36 (0.13, 0.55) / -0.33 (-0.39, -0.28)
Financial problems / -0.21 (-0.26, -0.16) / 0.13 (-0.01, 0.27) / -0.16 (-0.22, -0.11)
Social support / 0.14 (0.09, 0.20) / -0.02 (-0.08, 0.05) / 0.05 (-0.002, 0.11)

Abbreviation: 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval

Note: CarerQol-VAS refers to the statement, “Please indicate how happy you are currently feeling”. SRB refers to the statement, “Please indicate how burdensome you feeling care for loved one is at the moment”. PU, process utility, is a derived measure representing the value a carer attaches to the process of informal caregiving.

Supplemental Table 3: Random effects meta-correlation coefficient (Spearman’s rho) by survey mode

CarerQol-VAS
(95% CI) / SRB
(95% CI) / PU
(95% CI)
Questionnaire
Burden / -0.34 (-0.39, -0.29) / -- / --
Process / 0.53 (0.50, 0.56) / -0.42 (-0.47, -0.37) / --
CarerQol domains
Fulfilment / 0.20 (0.16, 0.25) / -0.20 (-0.26, -0.15) / 0.29 (0.22, 0.36)
Relational problems / -0.26 (-0.32, -0.21) / 0.41 (0.37, 0.46) / -0.33 (-0.37, -0.28)
Mental health issues / -0.44 (-0.50, -0.38) / 0.39 (0.35, 0.43) / -0.30 (-0.35, -0.25)
Physical health issues / -0.35 (-0.40, -0.30) / 0.40 (0.35, 0.43) / -0.28 (-0.34, -0.21)
Problems with daily activities / -0.26 (-0.30, -0.21) / 0.48 (0.43, 0.52) / -0.34 (-0.38, -0.29)
Financial problems / -0.18 (-0.22, -0.13) / 0.20 (0.13, 0.26) / -0.15 (-0.20, -0.09)
Social support / 0.10 (0.03, 0.16) / -0.01 (-0.08, 0.05) / 0.01 (-0.06, 0.09)
Interview
Burden / -0.12 (-0.72, 0.58) / -- / --
Process / 0.45 (0.36, 0.54) / -0.10 (-0.46, 0.30) / --
CarerQol domains
Fulfilment / 0.29 (0.17, 0.39) / 0.01 (-0.27, 0.29) / 0.22 (0.005, 0.41)
Relational problems / -0.28 (-0.44, -0.11) / 0.13 (-0.26, 0.49) / -0.24 (-0.44, -0.03)
Mental health issues / -0.40 (-0.49, -0.30) / 0.23 (-0.33, 0.67) / -0.28 (-0.38, -0.17)
Physical health issues / -0.26 (-0.49, -0.001) / 0.10 (-0.46, 0.60) / -0.30 (-0.40, -0.19)
Problems with daily activities / -0.26 (-0.42, -0.09) / 0.21 (-0.45, 0.72) / -0.26 (-0.43, -0.07)
Financial problems / -0.13 (-0.35, 0.10) / 0.02 (-0.34, 0.37) / -0.11 (-0.28, 0.07)
Social support / 0.10 (-0.01, 0.21) / 0.10 (-0.02, 0.21) / 0.01 (-0.15, 0.18)

Abbreviation: 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval

Note: CarerQol-VAS refers to the statement, “Please indicate how happy you are currently feeling”. SRB refers to the statement, “Please indicate how burdensome you feeling care for loved one is at the moment”. PU, process utility, is a derived measure representing the value a carer attaches to the process of informal caregiving.

Supplemental Figure 1: Distribution of CarerQol-7D dimensions by sampling framework (General population N=753; Hospital N=576; Primary care N=1,940)

Supplemental Figure 2: Distribution of CarerQol-7D dimensions by survey mode (Questionnaire N=1,895; Interview N=300)