Name ______
Dr. Paul Utted was interested in the effects of alcohol consumption on perceptions of attractiveness. His rationale for the study was to test the hypothesis that after alcohol is consumed, subjective perceptions of attractiveness would become more inaccurate (the well-known “Beer goggles” effect). Dr. Utted was also interested in whether this effect was different for men than for women. She selected 48 students (24 Males and 24 females over the age of 21) from the Psychology Participant Pool who were over the age of 21 and agreed to participate in study that involved the consumption of alcohol. Males and females were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group one was given no-alcohol (they received unlimited quantities of a placebo alcohol-free beer or cider), the second group was given two pints (32 fluid ounces) of beer or cider and the third groups was given 4 pints (64 fluid ounces) of beer or cider. Each alcoholic beverage contained 5 percentalcohol. Each group watched videos while consuming the alcohol. At the end of a 1 hour period each participant was shown still pictures of the four of the actors featured in the videos and rated them for attractiveness on a 100 point scale where higher numbers indicated more attractiveness. The average attractiveness score for the four actors was averaged to produce one Mean Attractiveness score per participant.
A. What is the dependent variable? Mean Attractiveness Scores (1)
B. What are the factors? Sex and Amount of Alcohol (2)
C. What is the design of the study? 2(sex) X 3 (Amount of Alcohol) Between Subjects factorial design 2)
D. How many conditions are there in this study 6 (1)
E. Fully interpret the Main effects and Interaction for this study. Include a sentence to summarize the results (12)
The main Effect of Alcohol Condition is significant (F(1,42) = 20.07, p < .001). LSD multiple comparisons show that attractiveness ratings are significantly lower in the 4 pint condition than in the 2 pint condition (p < .001) and the placebo condition (p< .001). The placebo condition and the 2 pint condition did not differ from each other.
The Main effect of sex was not significant.
The interaction between Sex and Alcohol condition was significant (F(2,42) = 11.91, p < .001). Therefore one way ANOVAs were conducted separately for the Males and for the Females.
The simple main effect of alcohol was not significant for the Males.
The simple main effect of alcohol was significant for females. LSD multiple comparisons show that for females Attractiveness ratings were lower in the 4 pint condition than in the 2 pint condition (p < .001) and the placebo condition (P <.001). The placebo condition did not differ from the 2 pint condition.
The effects Alcohol DEPEND on Sex. For males alcohol level did not have an effect of their attractiveness ratings. For females, having 4 pints significantly reduced their attractiveness ratings compared to the placebo and the 2 pint conditions.
Descriptive StatisticsDependent Variable: Attractiveness
Condition / Sex / Mean / Std. Deviation / N
Placebo / Male / 60.6250 / 4.95516 / 8
FFemale / 66.8750 / 10.32940 / 8
Total / 63.7500 / 8.46562 / 16
2 Pints / Male / 62.5000 / 6.54654 / 8
Female / 66.8750 / 12.51784 / 8
Total / 64.6875 / 9.91106 / 16
4 Pints / Male / 57.5000 / 7.07107 / 8
Female / 35.6250 / 10.83562 / 8
Total / 46.5625 / 14.34326 / 16
Total / Male / 60.2083 / 6.33815 / 24
Female / 56.4583 / 18.50259 / 24
Total / 58.3333 / 13.81232 / 48
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Source / Type III Sum of Squares / df / Mean Square / F / Sig.
Condition / 3332.292 / 2 / 1666.146 / 20.065 / .000
Sex / 168.750 / 1 / 168.750 / 2.032 / .161
Condition * Sex / 1978.125 / 2 / 989.063 / 11.911 / .000
Error / 3487.500 / 42 / 83.036
Multiple Comparisons
LSD
(I) Condition / (J) Condition / Mean Difference (I-J) / Std. Error / Sig.Placebo / 2 Pints / -.9375 / 3.22172 / .772
4 Pints / 17.1875* / 3.22172 / .000
2 Pints / Placebo / .9375 / 3.22172 / .772
4 Pints / 18.1250* / 3.22172 / .000
4 Pints / Placebo / -17.1875* / 3.22172 / .000
2 Pints / -18.1250* / 3.22172 / .000
One Way ANOVA MALES ONLY
Source / Type III Sum of Squares / df / Mean Square / F / Sig.
Condition / 102.083 / 2 / 51.042 / 1.304 / .292
Error / 821.875 / 21 / 39.137
a. Sex = Male
One Way ANOVA FEMALES ONLY
Source / Type III Sum of Squares / df / Mean Square / F / Sig.
Condition / 5208.333 / 2 / 2604.167 / 20.516 / .000
Error / 2665.625 / 21 / 126.935
a. Sex = Female
LSD MALE ONLY
(I) Condition / (J) Condition / Mean Difference (I-J) / Std. Error / Sig.Placebo / 2 Pints / -1.8750 / 3.12797 / .555
4 Pints / 3.1250 / 3.12797 / .329
2 Pints / Placebo / 1.8750 / 3.12797 / .555
4 Pints / 5.0000 / 3.12797 / .125
4 Pints / Placebo / -3.1250 / 3.12797 / .329
2 Pints / -5.0000 / 3.12797 / .125
LSD FEMALE ONLY
(I) Condition / (J) Condition / Mean Difference (I-J) / Std. Error / Sig.Placebo / 2 Pints / .0430 / 5.63326 / .980
4 Pints / 31.2500* / 5.63326 / .000
2 Pints / Placebo / .0430 / 5.63326 / .980
4 Pints / 31.2500* / 5.63326 / .000
4 Pints / Placebo / -31.2500* / 5.63326 / .000
2 Pints / -31.2500* / 5.63326 / .000