Name: ______/ Seventh Grade Social Studies
Date: ______/ Mr. LaBrache
Section: ______

Ancient Greece

A Unit Outline

Directions:

Below is the complete outline that was compiled from all the research done in each class. You should be familiar with all this information for the test on Ancient Greece coming up next week. If you have questions, you should see me as soon as possible to avoid “cramming” for the test.

  1. Social Structure of Athenian Society
  2. The Agora
  3. Was the central marketplace in Athens
  4. Gathering place to discuss life and politics
  5. Center of commerce/trade in Athens
  6. The Acropolis
  7. Was the place where all government business was taken care of
  8. Up on a hill above the city
  9. The Parthenon (the Temple to Athena) was located here
  10. Also the place where religious ceremonies would occur
  11. The Populous in Athens
  12. FOR INFORMATION ON POPULATION: SEE CITY-STATES OF ATHENS VS. SPARTA SECTION
  1. Democracy in Athenian Society
  2. Key people in development
  3. Hippias – the last tyrant in Athens (kicked out in 510 BC)
  4. Draco – first person to codify (write down) the laws in Greece, punishments were almost always subject to death
  5. Solon – made improvements on Draco’s laws
  6. Created the Council of 400
  7. Got rid of debt slavery
  8. Lessened the penalties of certain crimes
  9. Set up the Peoples’ Court
  10. Cleisthenes – seen as the real “Father of Athenian Democracy”
  11. Redistributed the population set up in Athens
  12. Created the Council of 500
  13. Citizens’ Assembly
  14. All citizens could participate
  15. They met to discuss and vote on laws proposed by the council
  16. They met on a hill called the Pynx, about every 10 days
  17. About 5,000 to 6,000 citizens would show up
  18. Decided the very important issues for the city-state
  19. Council of 500
  20. Members were selected by annual lottery from the members of the assembly
  21. Their job was to discuss and prepare laws for the assembly to vote on
  22. They discussed the day-to-day affairs of the city-state
  1. United States vs. Greek Democracy
  2. Greece was a Direct (Pure) Democracy
  3. Every citizen would vote and participate in government
  4. If you had an opinion, “go tell it on the mountain”
  5. Every citizen would vote and make laws as well
  6. United States is a Representative Democracy
  7. Citizens have the power to vote and can run for office
  8. We have many people, so we elect others to represent our thoughts
  9. If we want a law made, we contact those people and tell them what we think
  10. Those people can be Representatives or Senators
  11. Some small towns in the U.S. still use Direct Democracy; it comes in the form of a town meeting
  1. Relationship between Greeks and their Neighbors
  2. Warring neighbors
  3. Assyria
  4. Found in northern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq)
  5. Were war-like peoples, did some trade but mostly fought with Greeks
  6. Greeks did learn how to do some metalwork from them, used to make weapons
  7. Persians
  8. From the area of modern-day Iran
  9. Eventually fought and conquered Asia from Turkey to India (even Egypt at some points in time)
  10. Their expansion west brought them in contact with Greek islands
  11. Greeks did not want to give up islands so got into a large war
  12. Persian Wars – Battle of Marathon
  13. Darius I wanted to attack Athens
  14. He was mad that Athens interfered with Persian expansion
  15. He underestimated the power of Athens and their allies and lost the battle
  16. Persian Wars – Battle at Thermopylae
  17. Xerxes (Darius’ son) hated Athens too, wanted to attack and beat them
  18. He was met by Athens and allies (including Sparta) at small mountain pass at city-state of Thermopylae
  19. Too many Persian for Greeks to win
  20. King Leonidas (of Sparta) told Athens and others to flee and leave the Persian to him
  21. 300 Spartans eventually lost to the Persian
  22. Xerxes then attacked Athens and burnt it to the ground (but no people there)
  23. Persian Wars – Battle of Salamis
  24. Xerxes wanted to finish off Athens and heard they were weak
  25. He attacked them, by water, in waters off the island of Salamis
  26. Greeks (mostly the Athenian navy) tricked the Persian and crushed them at sea
  27. Seen as one of the greatest naval victories in history
  1. Persian Wars – Battle of Plataea
  2. Persians wanted to beat someone, so attacked Plataea (close ally of Athens)
  3. Spartans did not want Persian on the Greek mainland, so they fought here
  4. Spartan army crushed the Persians and finally the Persians leave Greek mainland
  1. Trading neighbors
  2. Etruscans
  3. Found in the northern region of the Italian peninsula
  4. Were great builders and traders
  5. Greeks traded with them, acquired new building styles
  6. Greeks also fought with them
  7. Make weapons
  8. Egyptians
  9. From the northeast corner of Africa
  10. Great trading partner of the Greeks
  11. Greeks acquired papyrus and most importantly, grain to feed their people
  12. Phoenicians
  13. From the east coast of the Mediterranean
  14. Area that is now present-day Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan
  15. Excellent shipbuilders, sailors and traders of the Mediterranean
  16. Greeks used them as trade partners and got purple dye from them
  1. City-States of Athens and Sparta
  2. Athens
  3. Citizenship
  4. Males, over 18, register with your deme (village)
  5. Pericles changes it so that both father and mother’s father had be a citizen
  6. Women
  7. In charge of the house and the slaves
  8. In charge of raising the children
  9. Did not have equal rights
  10. Children
  11. Wealthy boys start school at 7
  12. Girls do not get any training unless taught from mother
  13. Only rich girls get private tutoring at home
  14. Metics
  15. Live in Athens, but not citizens
  16. There to make money
  17. Pay taxes, can’t participate in government
  18. Seen as second-class citizens
  19. Slaves
  20. Not citizens, owned by citizens (really seen as property)
  21. Bought from other lands or were prisoners of war
  22. Were two types of slaves
  23. Domestic slaves

- owned by individuals

- treatment depended on owner

- could learn a trade, or even buy their freedom

  1. state/government slaves

- owned by Athens

- worked in the city

- did very dangerous jobs and did not live long

  1. Sparta
  2. Citizenship
  3. Only males
  4. Once reached the age of 30 you were a citizen
  5. After military training
  6. Also received a plot of land to work on
  7. Women
  8. Responsible for watching the house and the slaves
  9. Responsible for making healthy babies
  10. Could not hold jobs
  11. Trained in physical training and some other “formal” training
  12. Were better off than other Greek women of the time: could even own land
  13. Spent most of their time with other women of the city-state, not with men
  14. Children
  15. Sent off to the barracks and military training at 7 years old
  16. Learned how to “rough it” in life
  17. Were beaten if they were bad and if they were good
  18. Eventually would become tougher than other city-states, and this lead to a better army
  19. Would serve in the army at age 18 and done with training and military at age 30
  20. Slaves
  21. State slaves were called helots
  22. They were prisoners of war and owned by Sparta
  23. Were given to male citizens when military training was done
  24. They outnumbered Spartan citizens 10 to 1, were the cause of large and powerful Spartan army
  25. Peloponnesian War: Athens vs. Sparta
  26. Athens forms Delian League
  27. Alliance of city-states with Athens
  28. They pay Athens for protection from future invasion from Persia
  29. Athens uses the money to build up their navy
  30. Athens gets rich
  31. Persia never attacks
  32. Athens navy gets huge
  33. Athens starts to use navy to expand and get new colonies
  34. Athens has extra money to start building projects
  35. Sparta get angry
  36. Jealous that Athens is so rich
  37. Angry that Athens is starting to take over new lands
  38. Corinth vs. Corfu
  39. Corfu is a colony of Corinth
  40. Corfu wants to be free from Corinth
  41. Athens helps Corfu fight Corinth
  42. Corinth gets help from Sparta
  43. Sparta and Athens start to fight each other
  1. Athens vs. Sparta
  2. Athens has a better navy, Sparta better army
  3. Sparta attacks Athens, and people hide inside city walls
  4. A huge plague hits Athens and 25% of population dies
  5. Athens suffers huge loss at the battle of Syracuse
  6. Members of the Delian League start to leave Athens
  7. Persia gives Sparta money to build up a large navy
  8. Sparta shuts off Athenian supplies
  9. Eventually Sparta wins
  1. Golden Age of Athens
  2. Pericles the leader
  3. Athenian statesman with many followers
  4. Becomes the leader of Athenian democracy
  5. Had three goals for thee Golden Age
  6. Beautification
  7. Fortification
  8. Increase democracy
  9. Financing Pericles’ Plan
  10. Delian League formed by Athens to protect other city-states from another possible invasion from Persia
  11. Athens had extra money from the payments from the Delian League
  12. Money went to Athenian navy first, then extra went to fixing the city-state
  13. Beautification
  14. Money goes to large building projects
  15. Rebuild temples with new marble from quarries in the north
  16. Made new large government buildings and houses for the rich
  17. Built theaters for live performances of Greek theater
  18. Had great playwrights
  19. Sophocles
  20. Aristophanes
  21. Had great philosophers
  22. Socrates
  23. Plato (Socrates’ student)
  24. Aristotle (Plato’s student)
  25. Fortification (protection)
  26. Main goal was to protect Athens from invasion
  27. Built up powerful navy
  28. Created “long walls”
  29. Were five miles long from Athens to its harbor
  30. Built to make sure Athenian food supply would not be cut off
  31. Democracy
  32. Citizens who served in government were now paid
  33. Power spread more evenly between the rich and the poor